The Hallett Herald (Hallett, Okla.), Vol. 7, No. 72, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 20, 1914 Page: 4 of 6
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THE HALLETT HERALD
i
BIG II. 5. FLEET
F
Officers at Vera Cruz Outranked
by the British.
HAVE NO ADMIRAL IN NAVY
Mexico Situation Calls Attention to
Policy by Which American Prestige
la Sacrificed—Clash at Port
Narrowly Averted.
• Vera Cruz, Mexico—Mobilizing the
Atlantic fleet off Vera Cruz has dis-
closed an astounding situation In the
American navy, says James 13. Wood
In Chicago Dally News. With the
largest fleet this nation has ever as-
embled for active service, one of the
largest any nation has ever had in one
port, its commanding rear admiral Is
outranked because of seniority by the
British rear admiral, whose entire
command has been from one to three
■mail cruisers, representing not one-
twentieth of the strength of the Amer-
ican battleships.
In the event of any united action
Rear Admiral Craddock of the royal
navy would command. Unless there
■hould be special agreement between
the British and United States govern-
ments the entire American naval
forces would be under his orders.
Washington—by which is meant con-
gress and the national administration,
this and preceding one*—Is responsible
for the situation. With all Its claims
aa a world power, with a $130,000,000
A
Rear Admiral Cameron McR. Wlnslow.
a year navy, Including the largest su
perdreadnaughts of any nation, the
American officers In foreign waters
are usually outranked by those of oth-
er nations because America baa neith-
er admirals nor vlce-admlrala. Its
highest rank Is rear admiral, except
the grade of admiral of the navy,
which is held by Oeorge Dewey. His
duties are seldom on sea, and the rank
goes out when he goes.
In Mexico's waters the situation al-
ready has threatened serious conse-
quences. Roar Admiral Craddock and
Rear Admiral Fletcher were on the
^rge of friction at Vera Crui, but the
Hrltlsh government diplomatically ad-
vised Craddock to waive his rights of
precedence.
Before the Mexican situation as-
sumed its serious phases Great Britalp,
with customary alertness in affairs in-
ternational, assured itself of having
the ranking officer among the navies
of the worlJ that might come here.
As soon as the United States At
lantlc fleet started to assemble at Vera
Cruz Admiral Craddock, In the West
Indies, was ordered to proceed at all
speed to this spot. As soon sb he ar-
rived on the cruiser Essex, flying a
rear admiral's flag, he was the rank-
ing officer In port. In case of any
concerted move by the world powers
he would have commanded, and Great
Britain with Its one cruiser—now the
cruisers Berwick and Lancaster have
Joined the Essex—would have domi-
nated the situation.
"Rather technical," says the layman.
True, but In affairs of the sea and
nations rules of precedence are strict
Consequences have been serious and
far-reaching from a similar situation.
In the time of the Boxer uprising in
China, when the allied powers landed
their forces to restore order, it was be-
lieved that Captain McCalla, an Amer-
ican campaigner of long experience in ;
China, would command. But Great
Britain, with foresight in 1900, Just as
today, had hurried Vice-Admiral Sey-
mour to the scene of action. He out-
ranked the other officers. Great Brit-1
aln wanted to dominate the situation. I
Vice-Admiral Seymour surprised every-1
body by going ashore and taking com-1
mand himself. To the Chinese—from I
mandarin down to coolie—Great Brit-!
aln was the ruling power. American j
naval officers on the Asiatic station
say that the opinion formed then con-
tinues.
Among officers of the American j
navy whose duties take them on a con-i
tlnuous round of foreign capitals,
there is constant embarrassment. Al- \
most invariably the American trails ;
after the British, German, Austrian,:
Italian, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Nor j
wegian, Russian, Japanese, French.1
Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Turkish, j
Argentine, Brazilian, Chilean, Peru-
vian. Chinese.
All outrank him. All have vice- ad-:
mirals and most of them full grade ad-,
mirals. Foreign war vessels which
come into Vera Cruz today salute the
British colors first, steaming silently
past the rows of American ships, some ;
of them as large as all three "limeys,"
as the Britishers are called.
Native Mexico sees. Mexico also
pays respect to the British. If Amer-1
lea had admirals or even vice-admirals I
in command of its Imposing fleets, the
situation might be reversed.
In the Atlantic fleet along the east
coast of Mexico, centered at Vera
Cruz, are six rear admirals. All are
of equal rank, but hold precedence
according to the date of their promo-
tion. The commanding organization,
according to precedence among the
rear admirals consequently Is:
Charles J. Badger, commander-in-
chief Atlantic fleet, March 8, 1911.
Cameron McR. Wlnslow, command
lng special service squadron, Septem-
ber 14, 1911.
Frank F. Fletcher, commanding first
division, October 17, 1911.
Frank E. Beatty, commanding third
division, April 27, 1912.
Clifford J. Boush, commanding sec-
ond division, March 26, 1913.
Henry T. Mayo, commanding fourth
division, June 15, 1913.
In any American commercial organi-
zation of the magnitude of the At-
lantic fleet there would be an ascend-
ing order of ranks, the officers dimin-
ishing in number as the rank ascends.
and, when occasion requires, turned
out to fight.
A division consists of five battle-
ships—one of which usually Is docked
for repairs—and when in fleet or
ganlzatlon a varying number of aux-
iliary cruisers, gunboats, destroyers,
colliers and other craft. A fleet of five
divisions would be much larger than
an army division.
A captain In the navy ranks with i
colonel In the army. A rear-admiral
ranks with a major-general.
Rear Admiral Farragut after the
Civil war was made an admiral. Da
vld Porter was made a vice-admiral
and on Farragut's death succeeded to
the full rank of admiral. The rank
of admiral died with Porter.
Appointment of temporary admlrali
for command of fleets has been sug-
gested. They would always be out-
WORK AT BFITSVILLE GOVERNMENT FARM
Horse Barn Erected in 1912.
Rear Admiral Henry T. Mayo.
ranked by admirals of other nations
because of length of service, as po-
litical pressure would be strong to
pass the honor around as rapidly as
possible.
The result Is that the great Ameri-
can navy, which has been built up to
hold the nation In a place as a world
power, Is always at a tactical disad-
vantage when its commanding officers
are forced Into back seats by the offl
I cers of other nations.
FORTUNE NOT TO CHANGE HIM
Pittsburgh Professor, Now Worth Mll
lions. Won't Quit Work In the
Schoolroom.
Pittsburgh, Pa.—Prof. E. M. Wollank
of the chair of languages at the Pitts-
In almost any other navy there would I burgh Normal, who may be the rich-
be an admiral in command of such a
large fleet and two or more vice-ad-
mirals and rear admirals In command
of each division.
The men in a division of a fleet out-
number those In a brigade of the
army. A single ship compares to a
regiment In men In armament It
equals three or four regiments of ar-
tillery. The smallest battleship has
between 600 and 700 men. The entire
Twenty-eighth regiment of Infantry
here has only 550 men A dreadnaught
has between 1,100 and 1,200 men. The
Seventh—the largest regiment here—
has not 1,000. A battleship is a city
In Itself—homes and workshops in
est schoolmaster in the United States,
will stay In the schoolroom and work,
despite his wealth.
Professor Wollank and his son will
soon get a $25,000,000 estate In Berlin.
The estate Is that of a great-uncle
whose will provided that it go to the
male descendants of the Wollank line
after a certain time. The time has ex-
pired and the professor and his son,
who Is a banker at Delhi, La., are the
only heirs.
The possession of at least twelve and
a half million dollars will not mean the
retirement of the professor, he asserts.
He Intends to stay In the schoolroom
until ag« retires him. He couldn't be
In the summer of 1910 the depart-
ment of agriculture purchased a farm
of 475 acres at Beltsvllle, Maryland,
which Is about twelve miles from the
city of Washington, to be used for
experimental work In animal breeding
and feeding, and related subjects.
About 190 acres of this are devoted
to dairy Interests, and the remainder
(of which about 95 acres are timber
land) to other branches of animal hus-
bandry.
On this farm many problems of
economic Importance to the public,
and particularly to the agricultural
public, are given much attention. The
farm work Is done largely by mares,
some of which are purebred Percher-
ons, and the other grades. These
mares are bred to a Percheron stal-
lion, and therefore n&t only earn their
living by the farm work they do, but
In addition produce foals. In the sum-
mer of 1913 the Imported Percheron
stallion Isolant 65096 (78859> was pur-
chased by the department. He Is a
large, black stallion, compact and well
muscled, standing 17 hands In height
and weighing more than a ton.
During the fall of 1912, 20 weanling
horse foals and 20 weanling mule foals
were purchased for the purpose of de-
termining the comparative costs of
raising these unddr farm conditions
from the time of weaning until they
are old enough for work purposes. A
careful record Is being kept of all
costs, including tfiat of breaking, and
full credit will be given to the animals
for the amount of work done by them.
It is expected that the test will be
closed in 1916, when all of the ani-
mals will be old enough for work pur-
poses.
There Is on the farm a flock of the
Barbados woolless sheep. These sheep
are very s prolific, commonly having
three and occasionally four lambs at
birth. They will alBo conceive at any
time of the year. Barbados ewes are
being graded up by the use of pure-
bred Southdown rams and selections
are determined mainly by the prolifi-
cacy and frequency of lambing, with a
view to producing good mutton confor-
mation with ability to hreed early for
winter lambs. The Barbados have
also been crossed with Merinos. The
great difference In the fleeces and
breeding habits of the Barbados and
the Southdown and Merino yields very
valuable material In the crossbreds
and their offspring for studying the
manner of inheritance of wool and
breeding characteristics.
Another Industry attracting consid-
erable attention Is that of the produc-
tion of Persian lamb skins, which are
the product of the young of the Kara-
kule or Arbl sheep which are native
to Russian Turkestan. The Industry
in this country Is In Its Infancy and
there Is great need of more informa-
tion regarding it. The department in
its work at the farm is crossing a
Karakule ram on Cotswold, Leicester,
Cheviot and Lincoln ewes, and has
enough to determine Just how valu-
able the skins from such crosses will
be In this country.
In connection with the two experi-
ments mentioned, about 100 head of
ewes are kept. A roomy and conve-
niently arranged barn for housing
sheep and goats has Just been com-
pleted and will render It possible to
test methods of winter feeding of "hot-
house" lambs and breeding ewes. Dur-
ing summer months the sheep aro car-
ried upon a succession of forage crops
with a view to determining the best
plans of planting and grazing forage
crops In eastern states.
For the past few years there has
been' great Interest in the milch goat,
which has often been hailed as the
poor man's cow. Today, however,
goats In this country which are good
milkers sell for as much as the aver
age dairy cow. On the continent of
Europe, particularly Switzerland,
breeds of goats which are heavy milk-
ers have been developed, but on ac-
count of the prevalence of animal dl-
Common Doe and Her Kid, 8ired by
Toggenberg Buck.
seases In continental Europe their Im-
portation is prohibited. In order to de-
termine the value of the milch goat
blood In crossing on our native stock,
a flock of common does was obtained,
and these were bred to Saanen and
Toggenburg bucks. Milk records were
kept of the native does, and such rec-
ords will be kept of the half-bred does,
in order to obtain a comparison.
A herd of hogs is maintained for
the purpose of studying breeding and
feeding problems. A modern, sanitary
house has been built, and equipped
for conducting this work. There are
also a number of small portable houses
with sufficient space for a sow and Ut-
ter or two or three mature pigs.
At the farm house there Is also a
laboratory for the study of breeding
questions. There are usually about
1,000 guinea pigs on hand, represent-
ing 30 families. The effects of in-
breeding are being studied as the re-
sults from such Investigations with
guinea pigs throw light upon princi-
ples that operate In larger animals.
ResultB that suggest the existence
of laws of Inheritance in these small
animals can be tested out on larger
animals. By using guinea pigs a great
saving in time is elected. It is possi-
ble to secure three generations In a
year, thus showing the effects of any
which the population must be drilled ! happy elsewhere, he says.
special method of breeding in a frao-
also made crosses on Barbados ewea. I Uon of the time needed with sheep or
This work has not been carried far cattle and at much smaller expense.
Girls Boast Many Names
# —
Father. Mother, Callera, Servants, All I have the fragrance of the orchid." As
Have Own Designation for Chi- the flower rft,lks *o h^h In the opinion
neie Young Women. | of the P«ople. It would be difficult to
find a sweeter name for a girl.
Detroit.—A Chinese girl does not
start life with one name and bear it
with her for the rest of her days, as
does the member of a Christian fam-
ily A fond father will call his baby
girl his "Moonbeam,'' while his son
goes under the designation of a
Phoenix." says the Detroit Times
When she begins to run about her
l A "8hy Flower" or a "Sweet Blos-
som" Is a favorite appellation, and the
girls' families and friends know them
by such fanciful words as Pure Heart,
Peace and Modesty coupled with In-
| dustry. Faith, Truth or some of the
I other virtues expected of the women
! of that Eastern land Truth, for in-
stance, Is sometimes taken as the ba-
mother probably knows her as a "Lit of names, and, with
tie Sister." Callors address her as
"Little Daughter of the House," and
strangers and servants show their re-
spect In the use of "Little Miss."
The Chinese word for an orchid t*
convoyed hy Lan. Girls of many types
are all compared to the Queai. of
Flowers, but they are equally diversi-
fied In tastes and occupations, so they
are distinguished by words of two syl-
lables, the latter of which Is "lan." A
<'hlnese proverb algniflea "the words
•uttered from a heart full of sympathy
becomes a key to the character of the
individual to whom it li given. Wang-
pan Is a girl who does uot possess a
brother, but one who wishes she had
one. if a son Is born Into the family
her name Is changed at once, and she
becomes the girl who has a brother.
Woman Walks In Sleep.
Yonkers, N. Y.—While asleep, Mrs.
('hester Parlow walked out of her
\iome in a nightgown and was found
half a mile away by her husbaud.
DRILL BORES SQUARE HOLES
Land of Steady Hablta Producea Me-
chanical Novelty Formerly Re-
garded as Impossible.
New Haven. Conn. — Bridgeport^
prominence as a commercial and man-
ufacturing center has brought it still
another line of manufacture, which
will be commenced in a short time,
I the manufacture of rotating drills to
! bore square holes.
! A few years ago even scientists
' would have said that it waB abso-
lutely Impossible for a rotating tool
I to bore a true square hole, yet It has
1 been done by the simplest sort of
I mechanism, which can be attached
to any lathe or milling machine,
i To describe the drill and Its process
I Is somewhst difficult in language
adapted to the lay mind not especial-
ly versed in mechanical motiona The
principle Involved Is that of moving a
triangular shaped drill or cutter In a
square maater guide, or cam. For bor-
ing different sized holes It Is neces-
sary only to change the drill, as the
master guide is adjustsble.
Sheep Barn Erected In 1912.
Crope for Rotation.
When we consider that the rich pro-
tein crops are aleo the great soil im-
provers It behooves us to make stren
uous effort to get one or mora of these
crops In our rotation.
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Barrett, W. K. The Hallett Herald (Hallett, Okla.), Vol. 7, No. 72, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 20, 1914, newspaper, August 20, 1914; Hallett, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc180651/m1/4/: accessed March 28, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.