The Claremore Messenger. (Claremore, Indian Terr.), Vol. 9, No. 48, Ed. 1 Friday, February 12, 1904 Page: 3 of 8
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DISTURB TITLES
ANOTHER RULING BY SECRETARY
OF THE INTERIOR
ALLOTMENTS RECEIVE ANOTHER JOLT
A New Order to the Dawes Commis-
sion—Adopted Citizens of Chero-
kees. Creeks, Choctaws and Chicka-
saws are Deprived of Allotment
The secretary of tho interior hos
Igain issued an order that means a
further disturbance of conditions in
the Indian Territory. The latest ord-
r came by telegraph, and wan difect-
-d to the Dawes commission, and it In-
structs the commission to issue no
more allotments to Indians claiming:
-itizenship in the tribes by tribal
adoption, and further directs the com-
mission that no more allotments shall
be given to citizens by the commis-
sion over the protest of the repre-
sentatives of the tribes, and further
directs that no certificate of allotment
«hall be issued by the Dawes commis-
sion to any such citizens as are above
described.
As a certificate of allotment is
necessary before a deed to land can be
■ibtained. this order of the secretary
r>f the interior practically deprives a!!
adopted citizens of the Cherokees,
("reeks, Choctaws and Chickasaws and
sill disputed citizens of the rights of
allotment in the tribes mentioned.
There wore several cases in the four
nations mentioned, where proof of citi-
:-i-nshti -was made to the Dawes com-
mission, and although representatives
with the commission at the time the
rolls were made protested against
such enrollment and caused the names
r>f such persons to be placed on ques
tionable cards, the matter was after-
war appealed from the decision of the
Dawes commission, by the Indian
and the courts decided against the In
•jian commissions, and favorable to
the Dawes commission, and thes citi
sens admitted by the Dawes coinmis
•<ion were adjudged as finally entlt-e<;
to enrollment and to share in the d'
vision of the lands and property of the
Indians, and many of them have al
ready received their allotments.
This order from the Interior depart
nient Bets aside the action of the
Dawes commission, as the acts of the
■ -ommlssion are subject to the ap-
proval of the secretary of the interior.
4nd all such citizens who have been
•nrolled by the commission can not
now receive certiorates of allotment,
nnd as a certificate of allotment Is
necessary before a deed can be ob-
tained. they are practically without
any claims to Indian citizenship or to
share in the allotments of lands and
division of money.
This order will seriously upset land
titles and will cause still further and
greater complications of Indian affairs.
TO PROTECT INDIANS
Gambling Houses Agree to Stop the
Monte Games
LAWTON: Col. Randlett. Indian
agent at Anadarko, lias asked that all
gambling houses in which monte is
played in Lawton be closed during the
lime the Indians are being paid at the
lied Store, two miles from Lawton.
Kach Comanche Indian man. woman
aud children will reveive $u0. which
amounts to about $100,00b at this
lH>int. At all previous payments the
Indians have spent all their money
rambling and ha\e none left for their
families. His request has been
granted.
In the number of cattle Texas equals
(bat of all the states east of her and
south of the Ohio and the Potomac,
while the value of her stock exceeds
theirs by more than 936.000.0(10.
INDIAN TERRITORY TEACHERS
Program of Meeting to Be Held at
South McAlester
The Indian Territory Teachers' As-
sociation will meet in the first ward
school building at South McAlester on
Griday. February If- The following
program will be rendered:
Morning session, commencing at 9
o'clock- Invocation; music, duet, the
Misses Pemberton and Stalcup: ad-
dress of welcome. Bev. J. H. Hall, of
South McAlester; "Natural Methods."
Robert Swami of Caddo; discussion of
the above, opened by K. B. Hlcr.naw
of Kemp; "The Function of the Public
High School of Today." J. C. Tucker.
Coalgate; discussion. N. 8. Cowart of
Haileyville; "Kducation of Women."
L. M. Logan of Tahlequah: discussion,
Lillian Lee of South McAlester.
Afternoon session—Music. Miss
Stalcup; "The Teacher's Duty In the
Community," J. B. Trisler of Holden
vllle: discussion, opened by Bruce Mc-
Klnley of Eufaula: "Waste In Kduca-
tion." (Jeorge Beck of Tishomingo:
discussion. Calvin Ballard of South
McAlester; "The Preparation of the
Teacher." .1. B. Masters of Dwiglit;
business meeting.
Evening session- Music, Cecilan
Club; lecture, "InterdependenceRev.
Oeorge Barr of South McAlester:
music. Cecilian Club: lecture, "What
Shall We Teach?" Superintendent .1.
D. Benedict.
Saturday. Feb. 20. Morning session
Invocation; music, solo. Miss Etha
l'emberton; "Individuality of the
Teacher." A. L. Malone of Durant;
discussion. T. F. Pierce of McAlester:
Mission of the Teacher." .lames M
Osliorn of Pauls Valley; discussion. .!
A. Lynn of South McAlester: "Manual
Training." H. H. Busch; discussion, E
m KisbM of Atoka.
Afternoon session—"The Human
Voice and What the Schools Should
Do for it." H. S. Bruce of Wagoner:
paper, .lonas Cook of Chickasha; ad
Journ ment.
After the leader named in the pro-
gram has discussed any subject it
will be open to all during the time
given.
8T 13 LEAP YEAR YOU KNOW,
And Single Men Had Better Take "To the Brush."
—Boston Herald.
FINE CATTLE TO BE THERE
DECISION ON USURY
NOTHING IN BROSIUS' REPORT
Department of Justice Were Found
Not Guilty of Charges
WASHINGTON: The charges made
fiy Mr. Brosius, agent of the Indian
Bights association, were each fully
Investigated so far as they involved
officers under the department of jus-
tice, and it was found that such of-
ficers were connected with the com
pauies. but the particular compaulcs,
with one exception, were not found to
he dealing in leases of Indian allot-
ments.
The one coni|>any was. It Is said,
making rather unconstitutional terms
with allottees but the connection of
the officers under the department
which long since terminated was not
found to be such as to warrant 41s
uiissal from office. The principal
« barge by Mr BroHius related to this
■natter of imposition upon the Indians
The largest circular saw in the
world has just been made in Philadel-
phia. It Is seven feet four inches in
diameter and will be used to cut pine
<tumps Into shingle bolts.
Dr. Hatcher Acquitted
AKDMOKK: In the Cnlted Stales
eourt Dr W. H. Hatcher was acquitted
• >r the churge or killing Lizzie Dllston
in thia city two years ago. It was
alleged thai Hatcher caused the wo-
man's death by glvltig liar poison. She
was found one morning in a dying
eondltion aud died without making a
statement. It developed that poison
caused her death, and the arrest of
her physician. Dt Hatcher. followed
Ha was suspected of trying to get
control ol! the woman's proper)v
OKLAHOMA CATTLE CONDITIONS
Crop and Cattle Conditions Much Im
proved Since Recent Rains
C. C. French, traveling representa
tlve for the Fort Worth Stock Yards
Co.. has just returned from Oklahoma
and speaklug of weather and cattle
conditions, said that the rain and snow
in eastern Oklahoma had advancec
conditions generally. There has beet
no loss of cattle, and the rain ha?
caused the wheat to sprout. Western
Oklahoma is still needing rain badly
and tf it comes within the next tw<
weeks will greatly Improve- stock in
terests. Mr. French says that Okla
hoina stockmen are considering the
Fort Worth market with much ap
proval. and he believes that more ol
them will begin shipping here in the
near future. It Is the natural market
for Oklahoma now that the packing
plants are here, and in a position ti
take care of the cattle. Mr. Frencfc
states that the approval by the federa
government of crude oil as an officia
dip will make a difference in the rattle
business from a Texas standpoint, a!
a dipping station established at some,
central point, and so equipped as tc
take proper care of the cattle afte!
they have been dipped, will make it
a much easier matter to move stock,
and will invite greater interest in th<
cattle industry. The equipment will
have to consist of pens with suflloient
cover to protect the dlp| ed cattle In
extreme weather, either hot or cold
If in the hot weather cattle are pro
tected from the direct rays of the sun
and t:o situated that they will be ex
posed to the southern breeze and In
cold weather protected from wind. II
allowed to remain under this protec-
tion for two or three days there will
be little or no loss unless they ar
shipped to an extremely cold climate
in which case heavy losses would he
expected.
NO MILITARY LEGISLATION
None for Indian Territory at This Sea
sion of Congress
OKMCLHEE: Word has been re
reived in this city by Colonel Herbert
L. Wineland, adjutant general of thf
Indian Territory volunteer militia, that
there will be no military leglslallor
lor Indian Territory in this session ot
congress.
Assistant Secretary of Interior Ryai
says: "It is inadvisable and cannot be
requested at the present time." As
sistant Secretary of War Oliver says:
"I regret to say that It Is not deemed
expedient to seek further legislation
from congress aloug the lines Indi-
cated." Lieutenant General Chaffee
says: "The provisions of the Dick bll
and also 1601 Revised Statutes will
apply to Indian Territory and no fur
ther legislation giving it a militia at
this time Is recommended."
r,t'TIIKIK Ou the charm of steal
lug horses Irom the Arapahoe Indian!1
two boys. James Klce and William
Blackburn, aged II and 12 respective-
ly. were arrested at El Reno and jail-
ed. The boys had fitted up a cav#
as headquarters
"LIKE CURES LIKC"
Farmers Form a Trust to Smash Othei
Combination*
(H'THRIE: For the purpose ot
breaking the grain and meat trusts
and placing the coutrol of rami pro-
ducts prices In the hands of the grow-
ers. the United farmers' organization
of the Fnlteil States la being extens-
ively operated throughout the west.
The main object of the new organiza-
tion Is to light anything with a trust
attached and the farmers believe th<
way to do II is to make a trust fight
ti 'rust.
Promises of Succcss for Live Stock \ Federal Judge Holds Ten Per Cent la
Show in Oklahoma City Not Usurious
OKLAHOMA CITY: Work was com- VINITA: In the I'nited Stati-s court
me need on the mammoth cattle show J at this place Judge Joseph A-. (Sill
pavilion to be erected at Colcord park handed down a decision in the ease of
for the meeting of the national cattle- Kithn is, .Milan on thn question of
men's association here February 2:< I the usury laws in force in Indian Ter-
to l',".. The building will cover a space I ritory.
r>f 7.".\:;t 0 reel, and will be completed Kulin sued Milan on a note drawing
by the end of the week. 10 per cent iutercst and the defend
Advices concerning show cattle are ants filed a demurrer to the complaint,
being received every day and the meet-1 raising the question of usury In the
Ing promises to be the largest exhibl- note
tion of live stock ever held west or Congress on February 1 . 1901. pass-
south of Kansas City, and Is expected led a law regulating the corporations
to parallel the American Royal held! doing business in Indian Territory, and
at that city last October. Hie exhibit' providing that the legal rate of inter-
committee received information from est in the Indian Territory should be
Texas breeders from many parts of 16 I" '' cent, but that parties may con-
the state saying they were coming I tract in writing for a rate of interest
with big show herds The I'nited not to exceed 8 per cent. Theefore
States bureau of animal industry has | the laws of Arkansas extended over
granled a special dispensation nuli-j the Indian Territory, making the maxi-
fying the quarantine during a period mum interest rate at 10 per cent, and
covering the movement to and from providing that if a rate was agreed
the convention and stock show sale,] upon for more than 1<> per cent it was
a favor which was refused Chicago, usurious and forfeited both principal
during the world's fair. and interest. It was contended that
J. F. Havenkamp. or Fort Worth.! when congresa limited this rate to K
Tex one of the most extensive fine. P«>" <*nt that notes bearing a greater
cattle raisers In the south, and the Interest than 8 per cent but not ex
most noted Shorthorn breeder in Tex-
as. writes that lie will be here with a
car of show cattle all in pink of condi-
tion. The offer of ft.OuO in premiums
ceding 10 per cent were subject to
the forfeiting clause also. There are
but two states In the union so pro-
nounced against usury. It was the
ba-^aught Ihe e\e ot catth- raisers all, fneral bell, f that the penalty tor
over the countrv and they promise to usury followed all notes bearing a
give the convention a show that will greater rate ot Interest than 8 per
be worthy the emulation ot some of cent.
the older states Judge (Sill held that where the note
Advertising men have been sent outlaw 10 per cent Interest on its face
to distribute posters and circulars foi ,hnt n"f "Object to Ihe forfeit-
hundreds of miles in every direction. I "re laws f,,r "* r-v- b l ,liar ,h«
and lu this respect the territory willM'" w:ls entitled to recover the prin
be thoroughly covered. ' i'*1 <t,nt interest. The
The entertainment features of fh. rase will so to the court of appeals
convention will be verv good The «««> « decision will be watched with
troop of cavalry to be brought her. Interest. In the meantime people in
from Fort Sill is practicing dally and
Indian Territory will take notes
Jts exhibitions In riding are said ti
be exceptionally tine. The polo garner
between Minco and Kansas City clubs
will, no doubt, be the best ever wit
nessed In a western state
' bearing S per cent Interest or less.
Durant s Waterworks Bonds
Dl RANT: The city council has ac-
cepted the offer of Albert Kliebott £
Co. or Cincinnati to take Durant's
Attftattc liters to Um number of!*104-000 in eie.nic light
fifty have wireless telegraph apparatus nd school bonds at pat. Hat It is to
to communicate with forty-eight land strictly cash in hand considers
stations Sixty British and twenty
Tour Italian war vessels are so equip-
ped.
SUIT FOR DAMAGES
Sofa Pillows.
The new soft pillows are now being
made of very gorgeous and rather
costly materials, silk velour and gold
cloth being really the latest thing.
These are heavy and wear well, so
they pay In the end If one does not
become tired of the same cover. Gold
braid is used for finishing and narrow
cordlngs of velvet arc frequently used
along the edge. The cloth ot gold is
a dull shade, suggestive of bronze, and
♦ lie design Is a handsome novelty, but
not really practical for everyday use.
leather designs are still handsome
for the den and are delightfully dur-
able, but not at all appreciated as an
article Intended to promote rest. Ori-
ental designs are mcfst attractive and
are quite Inexpensive and are made
with very little work. The heavy
linen stamped with odd conventional
designs make up very prettily for a
really useful pillow, while the plaid
ginghams and other wash fabtics are
still holding favor for the couch which
is used for the siesta.
Useful Pin Cushion.
The convenience of a pin cushion
Jrhicli can be hung at the side of a
mirror or iu some similar position is
■eir-evldent. A novel and useful one
can he mare rrom a large-size doll's
parasol. To get the best results one
of some bright-colored silk should be
used. It must be closed and the cov-
er tacked to the stick at each rib;
then each ot the sections becomes
separated from every other and can
be fitted at the top and stuffed either
with bran or wool wadding picked Into
bits. When the cushions are slipped
into place they can be tacked firmly
into position and the parasol further
ornamented with bows of ribbon tied
on wherever tanc.v indicates. To
make the best foundation the parasol
should have a booked handle by which
It can be hung, hut should such not he
obtainable a ribbon loop can be at-
tached to a handle ot any sort.
For Morning Wear.
Pretty and attractive house jackets
deserve to be numbered among the
essentials of life and add both to the
comfort of the wearer and her charm.
This one includes a becoming wide
collar that is almost a cape ami Is
suited to a variety of materials, but
is shown in pale blue cashmere with
trimming of ecru lace. The fronts
are loose, but the back Is fitted, so
doing away with any unpleasant sug-
gestion of a negligee, and the sleeves
are the wide, pulled ones of the sea-
son. To make the jacket for a woman
ot medium size will be required 3
yards of material 27 to 31! or 2 yards
Mine Owners Claim Injury Caused by
Railroad Construction
OKLAHOMA CITY: The Coalgate
Mining company has brought suit
aguinst the Texas A Oklahoma & Mis
sourl. Kansas & Texas railways. Mi-
Arthur Bros, of Chicago ami Mike
Collins or Haileyville I T. tor dam
ages in the sum ot I.IO.ntio. The pcti
Hon alleges that on July <1. 1!)o::. the
contractors, lu constructing the Texas
£ Oklahoma railroad ncur Coalgate
removed a dyke which protected the
mine troni overflow trom Caney creek
-and used same in the construction ot
Hie road bed. That by reason or the
lemoval of said dyke Caney creek
overflowed and destroyed the mine.
The petition further alleges that $2
000 worth of coal was taken from the
mine every month
Fourth Man to Hang
SOCTH M-ALKMTEK: Albert Scott
was found guilty of murder In the first
degree for the killing ot Cash Ellis
several weeks ago This will make
the fourth person In nils district to
suffer the penalty for hi* crime upon
the gallowii
United Workmen Finish
SHAWNEE: The annual meeting or
the A. O. I'. W. grand lodge was
brought to a close after a throe days'
session Pawnee was selected as the
next meeting place and B. J. Clarey,
of Shawnee, was uuaiiiuiously re-elect
cd grand master of the two territories
J. H. Allen. Norman was elected over
seer; B. O. Welch, Guthrie, recorder:
J. E. Hater Stillwater, receiver, W.1
1 KilRKlcs Tecumseh. J. F. Hater.
.Stillwater. W. E. Bolton. Woodward,,
delegates to supreme lodge The qurs
Hon of changing the assessment
lelt unsettled
tion. the exchange to l e made about
March I Work will begiu on the
waterworks system about March 20.
MORE OIL AT MUSKOGEE
Second Strata of Sand Struck with
creased Flow
MI'SKOGEE: The Muskogee Oil ft
i<as company of this place which
struck oil at a depth of 1,000 feet Inst
week. Immediately look steps to go
deeper with the well, and as a result
they have struck the second stratum
of oil sand, anil In going down into
it two fe-et they struck a somewhat
stronger flow of oil They stopped
work for dinner, and when they re-
sumed work they found that tin- oil
had risen thirty feet in the well. They
were requested by the management to
suspend work, and put out the tires,
which were being used In the sinking
of the well, for rear that they would
strike xas. and cause an explosion.
The promoters ot this enterprise are
very enthusiastic and declare that
Muskogee will he shipping oil at no
distant date
The Citizens State Hank or Cumber-
land has made application to the ter-
ritorial bank examiner to g<> Into vol-
untas liquidation. Cumlterland was a
i«smi town or Comanche county, and
now that the boom Is over the bank
wishes to close up all Its business.
Red Fork-Mounde Cut-Off
KBD KOKK : The contract has been
let by the Frisco railway company to
M. Scott to grade a cut off connecting
Mounds with a point about one half
mile West ol Bed Fork. The steel con-
tract has been let to Mc('*bc ft Steen.
Wort, will begin at once. This track,
whou completed, will save about ten
miles to all south bound trains which
are now miming through Sapulpa.
The value of the output or electrical
apparatus during 190.1 In estimated at
HSB.cio.ooo. agalnd i:w.9.'.o,ooo in
i9o:.
46?3 Morning Jacket, 32 to 42 l ust.
44 incfes wide, with 4'j yards ot lace
and 1% yards insertion.
A May Manton pattern. No. 4523,
sizes 3" to 40, will be mailed to auy
address on receipt of ten cents.
"Easy" Luncheon.
I Here are some luncheons which one
may easily prepare: Thin slices of
j veal loaf, tiny hot baking powder bis-
cuit. orange Ice In glasses, vanilla
waters, coffee. Or sandwiches or salt
I rising bread with pressed chicken be-
j tween cut heart shape, potato salad in
lettuce leaf tiny cucumber pickles,
crackers, sprinkled with cheese and
heated In the oven: Plain ice cream
or fruit salad and devil's food cake.
Or thin sliced bread and butter, chip
ped beef, radishes, olives, hot waffles
and maple syrup, coffee. Or hot mush-
room, oyster or chicken patties,
minced tougue sandwiches. Xeufi-ha
tel cheese sandwiches, hot tea. water
cress and apple salad, whipped cream
seasoned with a spoonful of rum,
macaroon*, candles, coffee. Or fruit,
bouillon, panned chicken, sweet isitato
croquettes, drop biscuit, olives nnd
radishes, grape anil orange salad, ice
cream, assorted cakes, coffee.
Beauty in Fine Linen.
Fine linen reallv presents a study
In art nowaday*, while as to costliness
one might squander a small fortune
on a comparatively meager household
equipment in this line. The linen
Itself, ao fine and sheer and sllkv as
to delight bnth eye and touch. Is
ndorneil with Arabian, cluny and
filet laces, the antique, square mesh
styles being particularly desirable for
combination with this material. A set
comprising Innch cloth and napkins
i Is made beautiful with drawnwork ami
j Is banded rount' a center of plain
I linen Deliesti- si ruling is . ffectc.l in
means of the drawnwork. Here and
theee upon It flowers are toiMd
roses, clovcr blooms, chrysanthemutr.e
and tulips. These have filmy ccnterj
of drawnwork, giving a most graceful
touch of lightness. All the decoration
Is hand-wrought, the work of humble
peasants In Germany, who surely
must Lave labored at It for very love.
Sectional Petticoat.
The petticoat made with detachable
flounce has many advantages. It al
lows the use of clinging materials
above tho knees where such are desir
able, and of silk or any preterred fab
ric below. It makes possible th*
snug habit back in combination with
a generously flared flounce. Withal
it is economical as
one upper portion
can be made to
serve for several
flounces, so allow-
ing change of color
and appearance
with tlie minimum
of cost, or of sev-
eral washable
flounces to one
skirt, the flounces
4635 Sectional
Petticoat.
22 to 34 wtUt.
always being the perishable portion.
This very excellent model combines
stockinette with tafTcta, but various
combinations can be made of silk,
mohair, cambric or any other skirting
material can be used; or. again, th *
skirt can be made suitable for th«
thinnest gowns by the addition of a
straight flounce of plisse silk or net
over the circular one of silk.
The petticoat consists of skirt,
flounce and band. The skirt is cut in
five gores and is without fulness at
the back. The placket is made at thu
left front seam and the upper edg*
can be finished with a belt or cut lu
dip outline and nnderfaced as pre-
ferred. Both the band and the flounces
nre circular, the former slightly, the
latter generously and at tho edge of
the flounce is a narrow gathered frill.
The quantity of material required
for the medium size Is, for skirt 2^4
yards 21 or 1% yards 30 inches wide,
for flounce and band (iVa yards 21 or
3yards 36 inches wide.
The pattern 4635 is cut In sizes for
a 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 aud 31 inch
waist measure.
Bridal Fashions.
Brides are wearing the plainest of
dead-white satin gowns at the altar.
These are generally cut en princess.
with some beautiful lace employed for
the empiecement and sleeves.
l.aeo veils are more worn than tulle.
The flowers for this occasion ar<*
white roses and myrtle: a sprig of
orange blossoms Is generally mingled
with the flowers of the wreath. These
ore worn rather low on the forehead. I
the liair being pulled well forward
and pinned here and there over the
flowers to prevent that heavy regular-
ity of the line ot white that i* some-
times so trying to the prettiest and
youngest of faces.
Comfort and Economy.
It Is in the construction ot dainty
lingerie that the clever amateur can
show her individual taste and talent.
And here It Is that sale remnants can
be utilised. A length of pretty silk or
satin, with a little nun's veiling, can be
turned Into the coziest bed or dress-
ing jacket and perhaps trimmed with
a dainty collar taken from an old
blouse. The kiniona is a charming
pattern for the flannel dressing gown,
and very little trimming is required
on this beyond a piece of dainty em-
broidery or lace at the neck, and to
edge the wide sleeves
Latest in Sleeves.
More sleeves of evening coats are
made with the deep cuff and the full
drooping puff above than lu any other
way. but the flowltiE sleeve ratber
short filled in with chiffon or lace
ruffles Is better. There may be a nar
row cuff at the wrist on the broad
hem. One of the latest ideas Is to
have a broad hem of velvet seven or
eight inches dee>p Just at Hie bottom
without stitching or any finish, ex-
cepting folds or bands of thi- good*
that fall over at tlie top.
Sweaters With Sleeves.
An Ideal arrangement to wear under
JacUet.s cold days Is the sweater which
has sleeves. It comes In all colors and
may be as smart as one wishes.
RftMlrra of this paper can serum say May
Minion |«ttero Iliumritrd sboTe by Blllncoiit
nit blank* la coupon, aud ma,line, with lu > mil*
to U K. Hsrrimu* l'o..06 Plymouth Pl ee.Coi-
ruga Patlera will be uivtleU promptly
Name
Town
Blat«
Pattern No
Wul l Mranure (tf to1 skirt)
Bust Measure .If for waUlt
Ajre (if child'a or miu s patter*)
Writ* plainly Ftll out all blanks. Kni-ios#
lno Mali to K. E. UairMoaftUa.ttnymuiie
Pisr«. cai-^ao.
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Jennings, H. The Claremore Messenger. (Claremore, Indian Terr.), Vol. 9, No. 48, Ed. 1 Friday, February 12, 1904, newspaper, February 12, 1904; Claremore, Indian Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc177978/m1/3/: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.