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Root Call In Orchard Tree
The Farmers' Review recently asked
aome questions relative to the preva-
lence ot root gall in orchard trees and
Its effects I cun give the following
from my experience:
I have about 100 Early Harvest
trees planted 10 or 11 years ago
which were badly affected by root
gall but at the time I knew nothing
of its nature and planted them out
Those trees have grown very slowly:
fully one-third of them are dead aud
I am expecting little from the remain-
ing two-thirds as some of them die
every year They have never borne
a crop Quite a number of my older
tree are affected with crown gall
(and they seem feeble and of little
value
Aa to the certainty of Inspected nur-
jseries being free from root and crown
gall would say that the farmer that
buys from such nurseries takes some
" chances Just as he does when buying
! trees froth nurseries that have not
been inspected In the first pluce
-s this gall comes to us In the seedling
JiJstock and It is so small that it Is al-
7most Impossible to detect its presence
‘jjlt Is in all 'nurseries None are ex-
' '(empt It takes closer inspection than
Is usually given to find It all and a
vast amount of work to- destroy all
of It Every farmer therefore should
he his own Inspector and throw out
everything affected by root and crown
gall and demand the return of the pur-
chase price of such trees If the nur-
serymun refuses to do so the cub-
: tomer should prosecute him for viola-
non of the Inspection law He will
be too glad to compromise by paying
cost of prosecution and price of trees
I have never found that treatment
of the ground for root gall did any
good The farmer that finds he has
root gall or crown gall In his orchard
should dig out and burn the affected
trees and treat the ground for six or
plght feet around the affected tree
with a heavy coating of lime He
should then wait one or two years be-
fore putting In another tree
There being among our scientific In-
estlgators a great variance of opln-
ons in regard to this disease I will
not presume to go into detail as to
jplnlons treatment and the like I
only speak of what I have learned
from personal investigation I buy
frees from other nurseries and almost
always find them affected with root
gall One nurseryman sent me a lot
of trees that seemed to be nursery
Sain so far as gall was concerned 1
did my own inspection and reported
that 1 had found root gall present He
i refused to accept my report and claim
r
for refund I boxed the trees hnd
(shipped them to the state Inspector
! who roported every tree affected with
1 ropt gall He then forwarded the lot
to the nursery whence they came and
the nurseryman paid cost of Inspec-
tion freight charges and refunded my
money and be seemed glad to do it
jl mention thesq facts that readers of
Jtha Farmers' Review may fully under-
stand the proper working of the lm
pectlon law and how it may operate
when It la not carefully observed by
the nurseryman — J C B Heaton
Nqrseryman) In Farmers' Review
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The Orchard on Pasture Land
I Referring to the man that wishea to
plant trees on his pasture land this
spring I would say: If be wants to
plant only 20 to 30 trees be can early
In the spring cut up the sod with the
plow and disk haprow' It as fine as
possible He can then plant his trees
(But if be wishes to plant five to ten or
more acres I would not advise him to
try planting this coming spring Let
Ihlm plow the land plant to corn and
shock row it in planting and work the
'corn well Cut the corn In September
and plow again In October first haul-
ing off the jstover Then in spring
plow again and plant the trees Trees
so planted will In a few years overtake
ln growth the trees that were planted
Ithe first year In sod I have a blue
grass pasture that was oleared from
the original timber In 18G7 For twen-
ty years It was cropped with wheat
corn and clover In 1887 It was sown
to blue grass and a very heavy sod
has been In It ever since Yet I Would
not think of planting trees in this sod
till it bad had one year's previous
plowing 'nnd captlvnting — L F Din-
telmann St Clair Co 111
Liming Land
In the liming ot land care
need be taken not to overdo the
matter Lime is very valuable on soil
that is acldy but on soil that does
not need lime there Is little use to
apply IL The Japanese government Is
carrying on some pot experiments
with rice and one of the problems was
to determine why the phosphorus In
certain rice lands has become partly
unavailable It was decided from the
experiments that too much lime had
een applied and that a superabund-
ance of lime rendered a part of the
phosphorus unavailable The effects
were less evident on land very rich In
humus
Pekin Duks
I have had 18 years' ‘experience
starting the first poultry farm in the
state as well aa having the largest in
(be south I was the organizer of our
State Poultry Association and have
seen the business grow from nothing
to one of great magnitude As to the
ducks we have bred all the leading
vailetles and find that the Pekin ducks
are the best all round combination
duck bred They are the largest of
all varieties and are the best egg
producers being very healthy and vig-
orous They begin to lay very early
In the winter and the young stock can
be batched at any time and in nine to
ten months are ready for the market
as they will weigh from to 12 pounds
per pair at that age They are very
easy to' raise and a great demand has
been created for them aa table fowls
Any one that will Just start right by
getting good stork of the best blood
can soon build up a fine Dock which
will mnke thorn a good profit In fact
any one that will only start rleht in
the poultry business can make more
on less capital and In less time than
at any thing else on earth yet the
great drawback and fatal mistake so
many many make Is all from buying
poor cheap stock With poor bap-hazard
bred stock you can never expect
to raise but-the same quality of birds
and in this Way many lose twice as
much time and money as tha best
would cost Start right by - getting
birds of the best blood backed up by
ancestors with a show record and have
the breeder mate them-for you in line
Just as bred and you are sure to make
a success and can with your spare mo-
ments build you up one of the most
profitable and most fascinating busi-
nesses we know of — G W Brown
Ouachita Co Ark in Farmers' Review
Improving the Flock
I believe that the best time of year
for a farmer to attempt to improve his
dock by additions or to start a new
flock Is the period at the end of the
year — November or December In the
building up of a new flock the farmer
should buy a lot of pure-bred hens
rather than buy a cockerel and at-
tempt to breed up with his old foun-
dation stock The cost of shipping
birds which cost of course must be
paid by the purchaser depends large-
ly on hw many times they have to be
transferred Birds can be shipped In
wlnt-T in perfect safety if thev are
properly crated in which case they
will not take cold The railroad com-
panies are supposed to take the best
of care of birds shipped in winter and
are responsible for them till they are
put off the train at their railroad
destination The Farmers’ Review
asked what assurance the farmer has
that the man from whom he buys will
not send him birds that have been
exposed to roup A good honest
breeder will not send out birds from
his flock if roup or any other con-
tagious disease exists there When
pure-bred birds are asked for no hon-
est breeder will send out a bird that Is
not pure-bred and the higher such
birds score the higher will be the
price asked fop them ' There are a
great many people that do not know
good birds when they see them The
buyer that is not up on poultry points
and receives a bird that he thinks is
not up on points should get a man
that is a Judge of poultry to look the
bird over before objecting to it — Mrs
Effle V Dennis Sangamon Co ill in
Farmers' Review
Chicks In Brooders
Chicks in brooders are often
subjected to conditions - that
make their career a short
one if the brooder is too hot the
chicks get as fur from the heat as
possible in their attempts to cool off
if they are too hot and a cold draft
strikes them they quickly submit to
the inevitable and fall over and die
An Incubator chick seems always
ready to lie down and give up her
breath If the temperature is too low
the chicks hover together In an at-
tempt to get warm and so the weaker
ones are trampled to death It Is the
Instinct of the chicks to try to get
Into the middle and this pushing
crawling and crowding results In
death or well-nigh fatal injuries The
temperature must be as perfect ss pos-
sible and the-brooder must be watched
with care Ip some things the stage
of hovering Is more critical than thnt
of Incubation
Breeding Up 8lowly
It ' Is absolutely uecessary for
a man- with limited capital
to breed up a pedigreed dairy
herd slowly and also much safer for
the man with means and little knowl-
edge of the business In both rases
there Is opportunity to become fnml-
llar with the breed and Individual
characteristics It Is better to grow
up In any line of animal breeding
than to Jumn Into tL
Winter Feed for Dairy Cows
June pasture and June air are the
Ideal combination tor milk production
The only drawback to producing milk
at this time Is that Jthe price is too
low for the milk produced Winter
milk will bring from 60 to 76 per cent
more than summer milk The cost of
production is also greater in winter
than in summer and unless care is
taken in the se'ection and combina-
tion of the winter feeds the prod's of
winter feeding wllf not be as grgat as
those of summer After twenty vears
of winter dairying I have found time
and time ngain that the nearer one
can come to summer conditions In the
winter both In regard to the warmth
aud purity of the atmosphere and the
feeds given the more milk the cows
will give
For winter dairying the cows should
drop their calves between the middle
of September and the first of Decem-
ber the earlier the better After the
nights become cold keep the cows in
the barn nights This time between
summer and winter feeding is one ol
the most critical periods in the feed-
ing of the dairy cow that is to glv6
milk during the winter If the after-
growth on the meadows and grain
fields baa been abundant well and
good This with a liberal feed of
corn-fodder or cane in the barn vIll
make a good ration at this time It
the dairy cow has been neglected as
she Is apt to be at this time when
the farmers are busy with their fall
work It will be hard to make a profit-
able cow of her during the winter
For nineteen years I used a silo
but for the last two seasons have not
I did not discard it because I did not
like the feed but because It was built
on the old style and too much feed
spoiled In the corners and sides and
as tt was not convenient to build a
new one we have used dry teed for
the past two winters In the sr lec-
tion of the winter feeds we must first
consider the kinds and qualities ot the
coarse feeds we have on hand next
the grains we have grown and then
we will be in a position to see what
mill feeds it will be best to buy
This eeason we have an abundance
of clover hay and good corn and oats
so it will not be necessary to buy
much mill feed If we can get good
bran for less than $14 per ton or mid-
lings for less than $15 we will feed
about one third of the grain ration
or one or the other of these At the
present time we are feeding our cows
as follows: In tlie morning immedi-
ately after milking they are given a
feed of millet hay Then after break-
fast they are turned out in the yard
to drink The water is drawn into a
small tank from a large reservoir that
holds about enough for three or four
days While the cattle are drinking
the bay that is left is taken away and
the mangers swept clean and then they
are given their grain ration which
consists ot a mixture of three parts
of corn cob meal two parts of oatmeal
and two parts of bran by weight
Each cow gets about four pounds ot
this mixture at this time When this
Is eaten they are given a feed of clover
hay all they will eat with a relish
They are then left in the barn until
noon on pleasant days and until one
o’clock on stormy or cold days They
are now turned in the yard and al-
lowed to drink as before The stable
Is now cleaned and the mangers are
filled with fodder corn and the cattle
are turned in usually at three o'clock!
The fodder corn Is eaten up in about
an hour and the mangers are cleaned
and they are given the same grain
feed as in the morning The milking
is done at half-past five In the morn-
ing and evening After milking In the
evening they are given Lay again The
hay given at this time is cither up-
land meadow or mixed clover and
timothy I like to give them as large
a variety of feeds as possible — W F
Stiles Jefferson Co Wis iu Farmers'
Review
Wire Fences
The most popular fencing mate-
rial at the present time Is
smooth wire Tills wire If properly
made will not rust but will resist the
effects of moisture for an indefinite
period Wire fences are by all odds
the most to be preferred even if they
are the most expensive Board fences
and rail fences are unsightly They
also harbor weeds for they form a
windbreak In the lee of which weeds
being blown by the wind come to rest
and take mot Wire fences greatly
Improve the appearance of the farms
as at a distance they are not obvious
It the posts are painted an olive green
or a mild sea green they will hardly
be noticeable when the grass Is green
in the spring until it becomes brown
in the fsill
The poultry business of Missouri
brings more money Into that state
than any grain crop and It's a crop
that may be cashed any time
The hen tint fs allowed to become
very fat will not lay eggs no matter
how crfully cared for and fed
The Long-Bell Lumber Co
—EVERYTHING IN—
BUILDING MATERIAL:
Estimates Cheerfully Furnished
B F HOGARD Manager
ANCIENT LEGAL TOME
VIRGINIA CLAIMS pLDEST LAW
BOCK IN AMERICA
Brought to America 272 Years Ago
by the Rev John Cotton Its His-
tory Is Clearly Traced aa It Has
Passed From Father to Son
The oldest Invv book In all America
brought to this continent by the man
uno named the city o Boston Is turn-
ing yellow with each added year of
ege on a library slielf In the home of
a distant son of Its original owner
here
The bool which must be handled
with caution now lest Its leaves crum-
ble wns brought to America 272 years
ago this fall It came because Rev
John Colton was too puritanical in bis
tastes to suit the authorities of the
Church of England
As vicar of St Botolph’s church
Boston Lincolnshire he was sum-
moned to appear before Archbishop
Laud Rather than appear he fled to
America Among his other books was
this old “Collection of the Statutes
fiom the Time of the Magna Charts
unto the Yere of Our Iord 1574” It
has been handed down from son to
grandson until it has reached the fifth
generation and it is now held by Col
Samuel Storrs Cotton of this city a
man more than 85 years of age The
book at its last birthday was 331 years
of age
Nearly three centuries ago John Cot-
ton was pastor ot the largest church
in Great Britain When he came to
America the party of colonists with
bint who landed at Bouton resolved
o name the new town for him in
Honor of his old home town The
American encyclopedia tells of this in-
cident under the head of “Boston”
Cotton was a prominent antagonist of
Roger Williams
En route to the new world a son
was born to John Cotton and his wife
The son was named “Seaborne” in
honor of the voyage This book be-
came Seaborne’s property at manhood
and at his death It went to bis son
John Thomas was the son of John
who got the valuable volume and Si-
mon received It at his father’s (Thom-
as death It is Simon's name which is
scrawled across the title page:) “Si-
mon Cotton Ills Book 1774”
Joseph Cotton another New Eng-
lander became the possessor of the
book afler Ms father Simon and Jo-
seph's son grew up to seek a fortune
In the new west He came to Ne-
braska when houses were unknown
And with him he brought his old book
This was Samuel Storrs Cotton later
Col Cotton
Traced back beyond John Cotton
the family tree extends directly' to
the famous Robert Bruce Four gen-
erations are now living In Norfolk —
Col Cotton: his daughter Mrs Mary
Mathew sen: her son J Storrs Math-
ewson and his little daughter One
of the facts Justifying the statement
that this is the oldest law book in
America is that Col Cotton has
searehed In libraries all over the coun-
try both personally and by letter and
has practically established the fact
thnt this Is the oldest in the land—
Noifnlk Va special In New York
World
Pete Poulin's Own Note
A thrifty Frenchman named Poulin
who owned a Birall farm near Cari-
bou Me occasionally would borrow
small sums from a leading merchant
In town always giving his note with-
out indorsement always paying It
promptly and always being obliged
to pay a good Interest charge for the
accommodation
In the spring of 1905 Mr Poulin
heard of a cow he thought was a good
one that he could buy for $30 but he
did not have the cash so he applied
to the merchant for the nnmunt but
stipulated that he should write the
note himself instead of letting the
merchant write It as had been the
custom This was agreed to and the
following la what he wrote:
“For value received I promise to
pay thirty dollar In thirty day The
man no come no money he bring the
note no good not a dam thing Pets
Poulin”
Teachers in Philippines
-Pr O N Brlnck deputy superintendent-general
ot education of ths
Philippines says that the Islands have
800 American teachers 6000 native
teachers and more thnn 600000 native
pupils like Japanese in Intellectual
readiness and keenness
CM A MISSISSIPPI STEAMBOAT
Struggle for Wealth Almost Equal to
Wall Street Frenzy
A young fel'ow a fel'ow passenger
was leaning upon the rail beside me
looking upon tile scene below He told
ire to watrb and lie would shew me
some sport He drew a dime cut of
his pocket lie waved his arm to at-
tract the attention of the negroes
down upon the lower deck and then
he flung the coin It fell tinkling and
rolled between two cotton bales With
yells the negroes rushed at it tumul-
tuously piling over one another a
tangled mass of waving arms and legs
whence ivsued muffled groans and
grunts Then suddenly the mass dis-
solved again into a mob of rousters
gaping up at us with rolling yellow
eyes and heaving chests and dilated
nostrils Another piece of silver
twinkled in the air and fell among
them Leaping and grabbing the
negroes snatched at the falling coin
then plunged again into heap
By this time others of the passen-
gers had heard the noise and the
scuffling and soon quite a crowd was
gathered along the rail A shower
of change began to fall upon the deck
below and into the crowd ot now
half frantic blacks
It was a comical spectacle A
little while before the negroes bad been
quietly busied about their own affairs
a handful of cheap silver had fallen
among them and in less than a min-
ute their small world was transformed
Into a pandemonium I have heard It
said that the same phenomenon occurs
sometimes on the stock exchange—
Harper's Magazine
HER LIFE A MODEL FOR ALL
Venerable English Lady Laid to Her
Final Rest
There was laid at rest last week
In West Malvern churchyard a ven-
erable lady Miss Elizabeth Hutchin-
son who must be the last direct per-
sonal link with the poet Wordsworth
having lived with him and also with
his widow her father’s sister at Ry-
dal Mount
She was connected by a close Inti-
macy and affection with Words-
worth’s favorite daughter Dora or
Dorina who married Edward Quiliin-
an Miss Hutchinson bad lived sixty
years at West Malvern her brother
was the first vicar of the newly con-
stituted parish of St James and
Wordsworth more than once visited
his nephew and niece at the vicar-
age This aged gentlewoman was not
only an institution of the place but
kind of permanent eleemosynary prov-
idence to any number of indigent
beadsmen and beadswomen for her
bounties were of quite a medieval or
Jacoban character in quaintness
simplicity regularity and dispropor-
tion to her means Weil In her ap-
peared the ancient custom of the an-
tique world In her 85th year she
took to reading and enjoying Tenny-
son — London Saturday Review
A True Disciple
A statesman from the South who
Is a confirmed lover of the aport and
who has more than once accompanied
ex-President Cleveland 'on his fishing
trips relates how on one occasion
when reference was made to the pro-
verbial ratlence of fishermen Mr
Cleveland fas reminded of a good
story
“A friend of mine" 6ald Mr Cleve-
land “was once traveling on foot
through a section of West Virginia
well known for its excellent fishing
grounds when he chanced upon an
angler of the old school — a venerable
old countryman who as he sat on the
bank looked as If time and the world
might pass away without disturbing
bis content
“Have you fished long in this
stream?” pleasantly asked my friend
“ 'Twenty-three years’ was the la-
conic response of the fisherman who
scarcely looked up
'“Get many bites? was the next
question
“Still gazing intently along the rod
he held the old angler replied:
-'“Two years ago In this very spot
t had t fine bite’ "—Harper’s Weekly
Frank Avowal
Old Uncle Steve a typical antebel-
lum darkey loved to ait arounl ths
stores and do light erands
A merchant said to him one day
"Uncle Steve of all things you ever
did what would you rather do?”
Uncle Steve deliberated a moment
and said "Well Mr John I b'llevs
ot all the things I ever done or ever
spec to do I ruther rest” — Llppln-
cott’a Magazine
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