THE LEADER RINGWOOP OKLAHOMA
Clover-Leaf Weevil — A Egg B B B B Larvae deeding F Cocoon I
Beetle 8ame Doreal View — Thle Beetle Alao Infeete Alfalfa Flelde and
May Be Eail Confuted With the Alfalfa Weevil by the Farmer
i
The alfalfa weevil Introduced Into
this country at a single spot near Salt
take City over ten years ago bae
alowly spread throughout the north-
ern half of Utah including three of
the moat productive countleB and
taken a foothold In-the adjacent parts
of Idaho and Wyoming It destroys
a bout one-half of the annual yield un-
less measures are taken to prevent IL
The weevils after spending the win-
ter In the fields about the roots of the
plants deposit large numbers of pale
yellow eggs In cavities made In the
stems with their beaks The little
green "worms" which hatch from
these during spring and early sum-
mer cluster upon the fresh shoots of
alfalfa plants and feed becoming
most numerous about June 1 They
destroy much of the flrBt crop Injure
the quality of what remains and com-
pel early cutting to prevent total loss
The acteal damage to the first crop Is
not far from 60 per cent of Its value
Upon the cutting of the first crop the
larvae gather upon the bit of food
which-la afforded by the new shoots
and destroy them as fast as they ap-
pear This condition lasts until the
normal harvest time of the second
crop so that It Is a total loss The
damage to the first two crops usually
amounts to about one-half the annual
yield
A valuable method for preventing
the Injury to the second crop consists
In brush dragging the stubble after
removal of the first cutting This was
devised by the Utah experiment sta-
tion In co-operation with farmers ' It
was Improved later however In ac-
tual practice by the adoption of a
weighted spike-tooth harrow with sev-
eral layers of woven wire stock fenc-
ing underneath Instead of the old-
fashioned brush drag This' treatment
was widely adopted as a means of
crushing the Insects and also as a
means of exposing them to the rays
of the sun and to the choking action
of the dusL The bureau of entomol-
ogy has proved that neither the me-
chanical crushing nor the direct rays
of the sun contribute much to the ef
HARDIEST FALL COVER CROP
Winter Vetch Is Superior to Crimean
Clover— Will Make Vigorous
Growth In Early 3prlng
The hardiest of fall cover crops Is
winter vetch it Is far superior to
crimson clover as It la sure to live
over winter and makes a very Vigor-
ous growth In the early spring Sand
vetch belongs to the pea family and la
a native of Russia It Is a deep-root-etTplant
having an abundance of vine
and leaf The flowers are purple
abundant and sweet Bees extract
much sweetness from the blossoms
The high cost of seed prevents most
farmers from sowing It the better
method Is to drill six pecks of rye
and sow half a bushel of vetch seed
to the acre The ground should be
deeply plowed well-harrowed and
rolled For early grenn feed spread
a'thlck dressing of well-rooted manure
over the ground after It Is lrst har-
rowed over then cross harrow It In
then roll Drill the rye In Vetch
seed la line like cabbage seed and
should be placed ’In grass-seed box
fectiveness of the dust-mulch treat-
ment and that most pf the Insects In
all stages die long before they are
smothered by the dusL The essential
factor In killing the weevils Is the
heat absorbed by the soil from the
sun's rays
To kill the weevil the surface of
the field to be treated must be dry
free from clods cracks and vegeta-
tion To get beBt results however
the sky must be clear and the weather
warm Under these conditions when
the soli reaches the necessary temper-
ature of 120 degrees all stages of the
Insect are killed In less than two min-
utes The second crop of alfalfa Is
then free to grow The effectiveness
of this treatment however Is directly
proportional to the thoroughness with
which the above conditions are com-
plied with If the soil Is not In good
condition it must be cultivated before
dragging The great objections to
this method of fighting the weevW is
that It requires much cultivation of
the alfaira at the busy haying season
Poison for Alfalfa Weevils
Several farmers have adopted the
method of spraying the alfalfa stubble
with arsenate of lead Instead of creat-
ing a dust mulch Apply the poison
at the rate of 12 pounds In four bar-
rels of water per acre Where a large
area Is to be covered a gasoline en-
gine for power is necessary Two
lines of hoBe are operated by two men
and bordeaux nozzles held at a dis-
tance of about Ilk feet from the
ground Equally good work could
probably be done with a small quan-
tity of arsenate of lead by a better
method of distribution This spray
method however Is better adapted to
large Helds than the dUBt-mulcb meth
od It Is also applicable as well to the
rocky Helds whore cultivation Is not
desirable
Analyses and feeding tests show
that there Is not the slightest danger
of poisoning animals which eat the
hay If the Held needs cultivation
a combination of both spraying and
brush dragging from the standpoint of
cultivation however la lost when fol-
lowed by Irrigation
back of drill hoes the seed may be
covored with the brush harrow The
first heavy shower will cover the seed
Blanching Celery
Celery may be blanched (whitened)
by leaving 'dirt up around the stalks
or by placing boards along the rows
Sometimes drain tiles are set ovnr
each plant to advantage There are
also several kinds of patent paper or
wood bleachers
Geese Ga'n Favor
The growing of moderate sized
flocks of goese Is coming to be much
more general on farms In the North-
west and they are paying good prollta
Cement Walks Are Cheap
Narrow cement walks about the
buildings are almost as cheap as
board wulks and If made right will
never have to be replaced
Market 8urplus Males
It usually pays to market a good
share of the surplus male chicks
when they reacb a weight of couple
of pounds
THEIR LIFE WORK
Statistics of Graduates of Bar-
nard College
Many Women Continue Their 8tudles
for Either Professional or Higher
Degrees— Diversified Occupations
Are Engaged In
- The "Report and Register of the As-
sociate Alumnae of Barnard College”
which was recently Issued gives sta-
tistics and other information about
the graduates of Barnard from 1893 to
1914 Inclusive the class of 1893 being
the first to receive Barnard degrees
The report shows among other
facts that many graduates receive
postgraduate training that a majority
of Barnard women are gainfully em-
ployed that a large minority are mar-
ried and that tho families of these are
small and that a great many Barnard
graduates are volunteer social work-
ers The statistics show that 1377 wom-
en have received degrees from Bar-
nard Thirty-one have diod and the
activities of the 1346 living graduates
are set forth in some dotall
It Is to be noted that a large num-
ber of women continue their studies
for either professional or higher de-
grees By February 1915 there were
633 or 386 per cent of tho graduates
of Barnard who had received higher
degreef and professional training Of
these 21 had received the degree of
Ph D 203 the degree of A M 7 tho
degree of M D and 6 the degree of
LL B In addition there are 93 grad-
uates who are at presont students
The statistics of tho occupations of
the Barnard alumnae are of Impor-
tance as evldonce of tho opportunities
open to woman college graduates
Among the women employed in the
paid occupations there are as might
be expected a large percentage who
are teaching Four hundred and fifty
women or 334 per cent of the gradu-
ates are teaching In schools 34 are
teaching In colleges 23 are tutors
6 are school principals 4 are assist-
ant or associate principals 2 are col-
lege deans — a total of 618 or 38 per
cent who are In the teaching profession-
The next largest number em-
ployed In any single field are 77 wom-
an secretaries and clerks They are In
schools and colleges In social relig
©PQG&OCDjJ SXSXl!
0
ious and educational organizations
and In business 1 here are too 30
women who are paid social religious
and civic workers 15 editorial assist-
ants 43 librarians 8 lawyers 8 bac-
teriologists chemists and laboratory
assistants and 4 physicians
Finally 41 graduates give these oc-
cupations among others: Advertising
expert artist farmer actress winger
sculptor civil service examiner suf-
frage organizer research psychologist
compiler of cable code illustrator mu-
seum curator music teacher interior
decorator manager of riding school
and author's agent The total number
of Barnard graduates In paid occupa-
tions is 726 of 539 per cenL
Other statistics are those of the
marriages and families of the gradu-
ates Four hundred and fourteen of
the women or 3017 per cent were
married by February 1915 Of these
216' are married to professional men
and 166 are married to business and
commercial men There are 465 chil-
dren or 11 per marriage If the
classes from 1893 to 1906 Inclusive
are considered the average Is slightly
higher — 14 per marriage
The average length of time between
graduation and marriage In the classes
1893-1909 Inclusive omitting nine
marriages which occurred before en-
trance or before graduation was four
years The percentage distribution of
these marriages in specific years
shows 17 per cent of the marriages oc-
curring In the fourth year after gradu-
ation 13 per cent In the second and
13 per cent in the fifth year
There remain the 620 women with
Barnard degrees who have no paid
occupations Of these 359 are married
women 261 are unmarried Two hun-
dred and sixty-six women however
are volunteor civic Boclal or religious
workers
Curio Fakers
Lincoln Springfield the English edi-
tor was lunching In London when a
Samoan entered and shook him by
the hand
"What do the natives do for a living
over there?” Mr Springfield asked the
Samoan
"Oh” said the other "they sell co-
coanuts and blrds-of-paradise and
Robert Louis Stevenson's Inkwell”
If you wish to interest an audience
tell it a story about a bully being
whipped by a pale studious and retir-
ing young man
It takes a self-made man a lifetime
to correct his bad grammar
0
WANTED TO SEE THE FINISH
Small Girl Did Not Consider That the
End of the Proceedings Had
Been Reached
The short interval that elapsed be
tween the visit of the little girl to a
commencement exercise' and atten-
dance at an old fashioned camp-meeting
may explain a remark that she
made at the religious event She went
there with her granmother and very
much Interested in everything that oc-
curred asked numerous qnestions
which her grandparent attempted to
answer to the best of her ability
'“Who Ib that woman up there and
what is she doing?" asked the little
girl referring to a woman who was on
her knees in the “amen corner'
“I don’t know who she is but she's
going to get religion" was the reply
Some time elapsed and the woman
remained oo her knees Finally the
grandmother of the little girl became
tired of the service and announced
that it was time to leave
""“Oh let's not go yet" exclaimed her
granchild “Let’s wait and see 'em
give it to her"— Louisville Times
Faded 8entiment
That beautiful sentiment eventually '
dies a sad ‘death would seem to be
demonstrated by a story told the
other night by a southern congress-
man Smith who lives in the suburbs was
about to bustle for the commutation '
train some time Blnce when his wife
followed him to the door as usual to
make sure that hlB shoes were tied
and that he hadn't forgotten his neck-
tie “Say John" reflectively remarked
the good woman as they reached the
veranda “do you know that this Ib the
fifteenth anniversary of our wedding?
“Why bo it is" returned John do-
ing some hasty mental arithmetic "I
will bring you home a nice bunch of
roseB"
“Roses are very sweet" was the
practical response of mother “but you
had better make It some oysters to
fry for supper'4-
Another Hunger Strike
Patience — I understand Mr Styles
has refused to give his wife money
for new clothes
aPatrlce — What’s she going to do?
“She's going on a hunger strike"
All things come to him who waits
but he is generally dead by the time
they reach him
mm