Ellis County Capital (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, February 3, 1911 Page: 2 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Oklahoma Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Gateway to Oklahoma History by the Oklahoma Historical Society.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
i
L
The Ellis County Capital
E M Beum Ed & Owner
ARNETT S S i : OK LA
Even 110000000 worth of peace is
forth having
Money talks but It will have to do
more than that If It insures peace
Every little while nobody’s seismo-
graph is recording an earthquake
Every year this world drinks 1250-
000000 pounds o( tea That seems
plenty -'
Whenever the dressmakers think of
other outrageous spring styles they let
us know
That latest earth shock might be
traced to the militarists bringing up
their heavy artillery
Still feeding children on two cents
day and making them like It are two
different propositions
If we must have so many warships
why not get Mr Edison to make a few
with his cement molds?
Now Peru and Bolivia are disagree-
ing What South America needs is a
fight and revolt antitoxin
If motion pictures are to aid the In-
sane they should not be associated
with nickel-theater ventilation
When a cold wave hits New York
there are noses sympathetically red In
Weehawken Hoboken and Hacken-
sack If all the New England bunting
stories are true the abundance of ven-
ison should bring down the price of
beef
No objection is heard from the
young men of the family to the new
fad of employing young women chauf-
feurs A ninety-three-year-old man has been
left a fortune but refuses to give up
his job He knows what has kept
him alive
The Courier-Journal notes the fine-
difference between the words "died”
and "passed away" as applied to bank
cashiers
It was a stroke of genius which
made the census taking precede the
opening of the shooting season for
amateur hunters
Chicago highwaymen carried a vic-
tim three miles to rob him That
must constitute a violation of the
Interstate commerce law
A new mllllon-dollar apartment
house in New York is to have a kin-
dergarten hospital and skating rink
The three don't go badly together
Mrs Russell Sage is going to build
a model town for 1500 model families
near New York But sbe may bave to
go out of New York to find her ten-
ants When aerial freight transportation
' begins to become a fact ws shall hear
some railroad men arguing that there
Is not enough air for the uccess of
the plan
’ An Iowa Judge granted a divorce to
a man whose wife liked cigarettes bet-
ter than she did him Must have been
awfully good cigarettes or a pretty
poor husband
New Tork waiters are oppoeed to
he institution of the Bertlllon system
and the public will stand by them so
far as pertains to thumbprints on the
soup plates
Paragraphers all over the country
will mourn that It Is the society wom-
en of Philadelphia Instead of Chicago
who are unwilling to show their feet
In a classic tableau
Dr Wiley eaya that the earth Is
cooling and that men will freeze to'
death on the equator some day From
a man who Is contemplating matri-
mony one would expect a brighter
view
Last year Alaska produced $20463-
000 gold or about three times what
Unde Sam paid for the big territory
Borne day Secretary Seward will have
a line monument as a good Judge of a
real estate bargain
The students of Vassar proclaim
with pride that they can cook and
eook appetising meals at that There
Is no danger in the higher education
even for the conservative when wom-
en take pride in their cooking as an
accomplishment and men as a role
do not cars bow much science and
philosophy their future wives absorb
as long as the absorbing process does
not interfere with the prospect of
good dinners when the cook Is on
strike
In the silk war between Italy and
Japan goods end price cut much
more of figure then battleships
i ——————
The breve police president of Berlin
bee taken e valiant stand against long
bet pine calling upon women to cease
making themselves In this respect e
menace to mankind Tbs long hat pin
affected by fashion Is really danger-
ous as those who bsvs been Jabbed In
crowded cars or on tbs street can tes-
tify If the woman won’t be reason-
able about It won’t they please be
psretful?
SUPREME COURT REVERSES
CORPORATION COMMISSION
PHONE RATE CALLED FAIR— AF-
FECTS MANY CITIES
Pioneer Telephone and Telegraph
Company Wins Suit Brought by
Enid Citizens for Lower
Toll Rate
Oklahoma City Okla — After four-
teen months of litigation the supreme
court In a decision handed down by
Associate Justice S W Hayes has re-
versed the order of the corporation
commission In the case of E H West-
enhaven and others of Enid against
the Pioneer Telephone and Telegraph
company
The commission ordered a lower toll
rate In Enid after Mr Westenhaven
and others had appealed to the com-
pany in vain The court In its decis-
ion held that the commission had not
taken into proper consideration the de-
preciation In value of the cost of the
plant and that he company was en-
titled to a return of 5 5-10 per cent
net on the Investment after the oper-
ating expenses had been paid
The decision of the court as handed
down by Associate Justice Hayes Is
one of the most importnat in its his-
tory and although local In appear-
ance It means that the telephone com-
pany can maintain the present rates
which were raised slightly some few
months ago In practically every city
In the state the Increase has been ef-
fective with a reimbursing slip in case
the supreme court upheld the order of
the commission
Condemnation for Creek Court House
Sapulpa Okla — Creek county’s court
house and Jail are to be abandoned
Such was the decision of the board of
county commissioners The buildings
bave been condemned and are said by
the commissioners to be unfit for use
New quarters have been secured In
the business section of the city A
Jail capable of caring for two score
prisoners Is to be built In connection
When the county seat contest between
Sapulpa and Bristow Is settled Creek
county will build a new court house
and Jail
Wounded Man Is Well
Guthrie Okla — Troy Lumpkin of
Perry who was shot on November 7
by City Attorney Winn of Perry and
supposed to have been fatally wound-
ed has been released from the Metho-
dist hospital here as entirely recover-
ed Winn was arrested and held un-
der bond He accuses Lumpkin of
speaking uncivilly to his wife
Oklahoma Benefactor Dlea
Enid Okla — John Coleman 87 years
old who was the founder of the Okla-
homa Rescue Home died at his home
here In the last two years he has
given at least a dozen houses to needy
persons He also furnished scholar-
ships to a number of students of Okla-
homa Christian university He leaves
his fortune to two nieces
To Federal Jail
Chlckasha Okla — Tom Burke Unit-
ed States marshal has returned from
Muskogee where he went to take S
L Skinner who was convicted of the
charge of impersonating a revenue offi-
cer in Chlckasha several weeks ago
Skinner was bound over to await the
action of the grand jury
Was Critically Burned
Watonga Okla — The four-year-old
son of i William Cronkhite eight miles
northwest of Watonga was critically
If not fatally burned his clothing ig-
niting when he started a bonfire Ills
clothing was burned from his body
and his right side was burned almost
to a crisp
Escaped In the Darkness
El Reno Okla — After having wound-
ed two officers and one other member
of a posse pursuing him here William
Williams a negro took advantage of
the darkness and escaped from his
pursuers Williams first shot Police-
man Emmons when the latter started
to arrest him Police reserves and
deputy sheriffs cornered the negro
who protecting himself behind a tree
engaged the leaders In a pistol battle
Deputy Sheriff Patrick Cully was ser-
iously wounded and Allison Jones was
shot through the chest and probably
will die
May Start Forfeit Suita
Oklahoma City Okla — The corpora-
tion commission stated that Attorney
General West will be asked to begin
action to forfeit the charter of 15000
private corporations In Oklahoma that
have failed to comply with the law
Imposing a license tax of fl a year
upon foreign corporations and 50 cents
a year upon domestic corporations for
each 11000 of capital stock The tax
was due August 1
Will Meet In Tulsa
Tulsa Okla — The largest gathering
of religious young people In the his-
tory of the state will assemble In
Tulsa three days In June to attend the
Baptist Young People’s union of the
eastern Oklahoma district The dates
are June 15 16 and 17 At that time
Dr E E Lee of Dallas Texaa and Dr
Harvey Beuchamp of Nashville Tonn
both Baptist workers of national fame
will deliver addressee at Tulsa Other
prominent speakers wll lsttend the
convention
COTTON MARKET
C
New York ""
New York N Y — There was furthei
liquidation as well as more aggressive
selling by local bears in the cotton
market today and prices sold down to
the lowest level reached since the pub-
lication of the government’s crop es-
timate Prices were steady at a mod-
erate rally from the lowest on cover-
ing but at a net decline of 8 to 12
points on all months except Septem-
ber which was 3 points net higher -
The opening was barely steady it a
decline of 2 to 8 points under over-
night selling orders and local offer-
ings encouraged by Increased esti-
mates of the cotton crop an apparent
readiness of Liverpool to meet the lo-
cal reaction of late yesterday and the
week of domestic mill curtailment Af-
ter showing a net loss of about 9 to 11
points there was a moderate rally on
covering by shorts and a demand for
March from spot Interests but there
was no sign of support from the big
bull leaders and later the market
weakened again reaching a net loss
of from 17 to 20 points on old crop
positions during the afternoon The
May contracts sold at 1483c or 20
points net lower 31 points below the
high level of yesterday and about 67
points under the high’ record of Jthe
season which was made following the
government’s crop estimate of 11426-
000 bales exclusive of linters
Cottonseed Oil
New York N Y — Cottonseed oil
steady prime crude 620627c
prime summer yellow spot 7250749
Jan 726728 Feb 7250728
March 7250727 April 7260730
May 7290731
HASKELL SUITS JANUARY 23
Total Amount of Judgments Asked Is
$62528
Guthrie Okla1— The civil suits of
Scott McReynolds Carnellua S Loder
both of New York and Judge John H
Bailey of Ottawa O against Gover-
nor C N Haskell have been set for
trial January 23 in the United States
circuit court by Judge John H Cot-
teral The total amount 'of judgments
asked Is $62528
In the first case Scott McReynolds
of Brooklyn N Y sues the governor
for $10000 for false arrest McRey-
nolds was the legal representative of
William Hurst collecting anti-Haskell
evidence and was arrested charg-
ed with conspiracy to injure the gov-
ernor His grip full of data and pri-
vate papers was seized and taken to
Haskell’s private office but were soon
after taken possession of by the coun-
ty court Cornelius S Loder of New
York seeks to collect $42628 being
the balance alleged due the Illinois
Steel company on a loan of $45000
The note and securities were sold to
Loder who obtained judgment against
Haskell in the supreme court of New
York county
Judge John H Bailey and his broth-
er attorneys of Ottawa Ohio claim
Haskell owes them $9000 attorney
fees for representing him In the Ohio
courts
Declares All Jobs Vacant
Oklahoma City Okla — Resolutions
have been adopted by the state board
of agriculture declaring all positions
vacant but permitting the present In-
cumbents to occupy them until succes-
sors are named The reason for this
action was not made public The
board also went on record as against
employing women
Convict 8hoots Guard
Mangum Okla — Officers of the re-
formatory at Granite have started an
Investigation which may end In the
discovery that firearms are being
smuggled Into the place One of the
convicts recently shot W P Shopley
a guard through the hand with a wea-
pon which It ls believed came to him
in this way
Great Increase In Oil Producers
Guthrie Okla — Two hundred ana
seventy-seven new oil wells were drill-
ed In the Mid-Continent (Oklahoma-
Kansas) field during December of
which 220 were producers and forty-
seven failures the estimated new pro-
duction is 20385 barrels dally Twenty-four
wells were completed In Kan-
sas of which four were dry and six
were gasers and twenty-three wells
are now being drilled In Oklahoma
there were 252 completions thirty-six
less than in November of which forty-
three were dry holes One hundred
and e'ghty-seven are now drilling
Eighty-eight wells were completed in
the Cherokee nation ninety-five along
the Verdigris river twenty-two In the
Osage nation and forty-eight In the
Creek division Eleven wildcat test
wells are being drilled In various pop
tlons of the state
Woman Prisoner Dies
Enid Okla— Lottie Summons who
set fire to her own clothes In the city
jail here recently In an attempt to
commit suicide died a a result of her
Injuries
Gas In Garfield County
Enid Okla — At a meeting of tbs
Enid Real Estate Exchange it was de-
cided to aid In financing an attempt
which is being made to locate oil and
gaa in Garfield county Both Individ-
ually and collectively the exchange will
back the well which is being drilled
near Hunter Okla Thla action was
decided upon after a report had been
beard from one of ths members who
look a trip to Hunter to Inspect the
work
CRUCE PROMISES STATE
- A SANE ADMINISTRATION
NEW GOVERNOR OF OKLAHOMA
I
IS A QUIET MAN
Expects to Restrict the Pardon Power
Prohibitory Law Will Be Enforced
More Rigorously— Brief His-
tory of New Executive
Oklahoma City Okla— Governor
Cruce is a quiet man He has prom-
ised the state a "sane” admlnistrtaion
The new state welcomes his Idea and
will hope he is able to "‘make good”
The pardon power he says will be
used less a strong effort will he made
to suppress the criminal spirit that has
been responsible for some 600 murders
in Oklahoma since statehood To ac-
complish this a more vigorous enforce-
ment of the state prohibition law will
be required by the governor
Governor Cruce will live quietly in
the capital city He expects to se-
cure a modest home somewhere with-
in the city which will be presided over
by Miss Ida Bennett hip niece and en-
livened by his charming daughter Miss
Lorena Jane Cruce now in her last
teens Mr Cruce Is not a society man
as was evinced in his refusal to wear
a full dress suit or to dance at his
own Inaugural ball But with true
Kentucky spirit he likes to have
friends gather about him and so the
gubernatorial mansion will not be
closed to society
Governor-elect Lee Cruce was born
In Crittendon county Kentucky five
miles south of the city of Marion July
8 1863 and is consequently 47 years
old His parents were' James W
Cruce and Jane (Hill) Cruce He at-
tended the Marlon academy and had a
year at Vanderbilt university farmed
until he was 27 obtained a law license
in 1889 arrived in Ardmore his pres-
ent home January 19 1891 practiced
law 12 years married Miss Chlcka-
sawwLeFlore June 21 1893 organized
the Ardmore National bank and held
Its preisdency for more than eight
years and served as president of the
Ardmore Commercial club for five
years His brother A C Cruce also
of Ardmore Is one of the most prom-
inent lawyers In the state
Cruce’a Plea Is Heeded
Governor Cruce’s' plea for less and
better legislation bore fruit In the low-
er house when that body killed two
bills recommended two others that
barely escaped a similar fate and took
a firm stand against another The
county division bill was recommitted
and consideration of the bill to pre-
vent divorcees from remarrying for
six months was postponed Much
time was spent In argument over the
county division hill which Is calculat-
ed to prevent the creation of the new
county of Seger Several southwest-
ern counties are effected The blllB
appropriating salaries and mileage for
the members were passed The coun-
ty division bill was also up in the sen-
ate where it was advanced to a third
reading It is understood the senate
will not undertake a further consider-
ation of the measure until the house
has disposed of the companion bill
The sheriff’s fee bill already passed
by the house was before the senate
and was referred to a special commit-
tee to Iron out some of the differences
of opinion regarding It It Is evident
the bill will pass but on a modified
form
The lower house passed a concur-
rent resolutlou memorializing the na-
tional congress to give prohibition
states full police control over all li-
quors in their boundaries
Hold Automobile Drives Responsible
A bill introduced in the lower house
proposes to make it a felony for an
automobile driven to fatally injure any
human being by running over him or
otherwise injuring him while driving
Much Interets In Prohibition Question
The prohibition enforcement ques-
tion which will be one of the bl
problems of the present legislature Is
considered in several bills One by
Anthony and Webb of the house and
Thompson of the senate would abol-
ish the state dispensary and enforce-
ment department give the governor
much additional power such as to sus-
pend negligent or delinquent officers
falling to enforce the law burn or
smash all confiscations and punish
the habitual violator with five years
In the penitentiary Another bill by
Lenox and Aiken both of the house
provides a punishment of from two
to five years for prohibitory law vio-
lators and would make the lists of the
Internal revenue collector prlma facie
evidence of avlolatlon of the law that
Is if a man took out a United States
Internal revenue ljcense to sell whis-
key his name in the records of the
collector’s office would make a prlma
facie case against him DeFord has
Introduced a bill making It a felony
to run a ‘‘joint ’’ where liquors ars
kept for Illegal sale also to make It
a felony to run a gambling place
Doctors Ask No New Laws
At the conclusion of the annual
meeting of the Oklahoma Medical as-
sociation held here resolutions were
sdopted asking the governor In the
appointment of a state health commis-
sioner to appoint a physician who has
the respect of the medical profession
and who will respect the state laws re-
quiring that the appointment of county
superintendents of health bs pro rated
among the different schools of medi-
cine The physicians did not ask ths
adoption of any new laws by the leg-
islature ’
Trust Fund for Excessive Fare
Representative -- Charles Peters of
Osage county has a legislative measure
which will require railroad companies
operating through Oklahoma to pay In
to the Btate treasury to be held as ai
trust fund the 1 cent per mile excess
fund charged in passenger fares since
February 1910 when the Oklahoma 2-
cent fare was enjoined by Federal
Judge Hook Legality of the proposed
measure Is being investigated Unde
the federal order passengers are given
claim checks which the railroad com
pany would be compelled to redeem In
the event the decision Is against them
In the court of last resort Failure on
th$ part of the passenger to present
the claim check would leave the rail-
road company winner It Is figured
by Mr Peters that the 1 cent excess
now aggregates between $100000 and
$2000000 and the idea of placing ths
money In a trust fund he says is to
bave the fund remaining unclaimed af-
ter a fixed time following reversal
credited to the common school fund
of the state
8ome Miscellaneous Bills
Other bills of some special interest
would create the office of state Immi-
gration commissioner something bit-
terly fought by some of the labor
forces provide for a county tax as-
sessor an old question often fought
over before providing a punishment
for printing or circulating rituals of
secret societies etc making it a mis-
demeanor to draw checks without
funds in the bank drawn on creating
the office of state fire marshal some-
thing recommended by all past Insur-
ance commissioners reducing the res-
ident hunter’s license fee to fifty
cents giving the school of the chi-
ropractors legal recognition exempt-
ing old soldiers who peddle from pay-
ing a license making October 12 Co-
lumbus Day
Will Help 8mall Towns
All cities of the state in excess of
5000 population can afford to organ-
ize trust and savings companies If the
bill Introduced by Senators Mem-
mlnger and Stewart Is adopted The
present law is 1 practically prohibitive
except as to the larger cities as It re-
quires a capital of $100000 for cities
of less than 10000 and $200000 for all
those of greater size Under the Mem-mlnger-Stewart
hill the capital must
be not less than $25000 In towns of
less than 5000 Inhabitants not less
than $50000 in towns of over 20000
Inhabitants and not less than $100-
000 In towns of over 50000 Inhabi-
tants )
Banquet Given Lee Cruce
As a tribute to Lee Cruce who was
Inaugurated governor of Oklahoma the
Kentucky club of Carter county held a
reception at the Masonic Temple in
Ardmore A general Invitation was
extended to the public and some 2000
people filed in and out of the recep-
tion hall Sandwiches coffee and
fruit punch were served A special
train over the Santa Fe carried Mr
Cruce and the people of his home town
to Oklahoma City Company G of Ard
more accompanied the train
Constitution Says "No”
In spite of the explicit prohibition by
section 8 of article V of the Oklahoma
constitution of the appropriation of
money for - the establishment of an
immigration bureau provision Is made
In a bill Introduced In the senate by
Senator Gouldlng of Enid for the cre-
ation of an Immigration commissioner
at a salary of $3600 a year and an
iim migration hoard of three members
whose duty it shall be to exploit the
resources of Oklahoma and attract !m
migration to the state
Many Bills Introduced First Week
Approximately 150 bills were intro-
duced the first week of the present
session ninety in the house and sixty
In the senate
Endorses New Orleane
The house passed a resolution en-
doming New Orleans as the site for
the proposed Panama exposition
Appropriation Bills Are Large
Many appropriation bills are in evi-
dence One would appropriate $500-
000 for building a state reformatory
at Granite for which so far past leg-
islatures have apprqpriated only $25-
000 The Edmond State normal is
asking for a new building to cost $125-
000 the state university at Norman
asks a $150000 law school building
the girls’ college at Chlckasha would
like $60000 for maintenance and a
$100000 dormitory $45000 to locate
artesian wells in the northwestern
counties is asked a bill for $75000 for
legislative salaries and expenses shows
that the legislators are not forgetting
their salaries the Durant normal asks
$20000 tor beautifying its grounds
etc $70000 for a temporary building
for the state officers has been intro
duced $5000 to construct a statuu
of Sequoyah for the Hall of Fame wilt
probably be given $4669 to' reim-
burse the claimants of the Jamestown
Exposition company haa been Intro-
duced In addition most of the bills
for the permanent location of ths
blind school ask appropriations rang-
ing from $100000 to $200000
Rallrcads Figure Crowd at 10000
Crowds for ths inauguration came
from all portlona of ths stats and all
trains running Into Oklahoma CUty
were crowded to the limit ‘ On tbs
Sants Fe there were special trains
rom Ardmore Tonkawa and Still-
water while the Frlaco brought a
crowded special from Tulsa The
Katy and the Rock Island ran no spe-
cial trains but extended excursion
rates Additional cars were required
and all were filled to their capacity
It la believed the out of town guests
numbered fully 10000 '
MOTHERS OF THEN AND NOW
Conditions Ars Only Different No-
Matter What Sentimental
Writer May Assert
’ The "popular" writer who bewails
what b assumes to be the fact that
ths "old-fashioned” mother is no more-
ls liable to defeat his own phrposo if
that bs inculpating in children ths
highest possible regard for their pa-
rents It la a danger which even thel-
quantltatlve theory of literature or
apace rates cannot Justify
The mother of the past of "course
waa different from the mother of the
present as different on the whole as-
the conditions of life then and now
but since her daughter is the mother
of the present there must be some
points of similarity All the good In-
our mothers and grandmothers cer-
tainly could not have vanished It
will be paying scant tribute those
door good women who have laid down -
their precepts and examples and pass-
ed on to aay so And of course this
writer does not mean to de that yet
he cornea very near doing what he
does not Intend
The fallacy of the whole sentimen-
tal notion that because things and
people are not like they used to be
they are not as good lies in the pat-
ent fact that they cannot be alike and
if they were it would simply be be-
cause of the present generation being
so much Inferior to the past that It
was unable to do no more than stand
still
TRUE
Mr Fits — Doctor I’m subject to vio-
lent fits of late and I womfiir at timea
that I survive them
Doctor — You sort of wonder at ths
survival of the fittest eh?
A 8on’s Compliment
Hla Incessant work his avoidance
of all rest and recreation and his rig-
orous self-denial made Joseph Pulit-
zer In his days in harness the de-
spair of his family
In this connection a pretty story Is
told about the famous journalist’s son
Ralph Mr Pulitzer had refused to
take a holiday and Mrs Pulitzer ex-
"Did you ever know your father to
do anything because it was pleaant?’
"Yes once — when he mart-led you”
the young man gracefully replied '
Dr Pierce's Pleasant Pellets regulate
and invigorate stomach liver and bowels
Sugar-coated tiny granules Easy to take
as candy
You can’t help liking the man who
gets knocked out and then comes
back
DO YOUR CLOTHES LOOK YELLOW
If so use Red Cross Ball Blue It will make
them white as snow 2 os package 5 cento
We find the worst in all by trying to
gat the best of any one
PILES CTRED IN S TO 14 DATS
Tour dnigglt will refund money If PaZO OINT-
MHNT fulls to cure any ease of Itching BUnL
Bleeding or Protruding File in f to 14 days 6to
The worst foe you have 1b the man
who would kill all your enemies
Lewis’ Single Binder straight Bo cigar
You pay 10c lor cigars not so good
To finish the moment to find tbs ''
Journey's end In each step of ths
road to live the greatest number of
good hours Is wisdom — Emerson
Your Appetite
Easily Rostorcd
and regulated if you will
only begin your meals
with a doseof Hostetter’s
Stomach Bitters Loss
of appetite is a sure sign
of some disturbance of
the stomach and bowels
which the Bitters will
quickly correct There-
fore try it this very day
For over 57 years it has
been assisting those who
suffered from Indiges-
tion Dyspepsia Costive-
ness Colds Grippe and
Malaria and it will do
you good too Insist
on having Hostetter’s
DEHISCE STtnCH—
sasassr-Ti hSKsri’sn?:
Thompson’s Eyo Wstsr
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Beum, E. M. Ellis County Capital (Arnett, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, February 3, 1911, newspaper, February 3, 1911; Arnett, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc1711377/m1/2/: accessed April 17, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.