You Alls Doins. (Lexington, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 8, Ed. 1 Friday, April 19, 1901 Page: 3 of 8
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FARM AND HARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGRICULTURISTS.
* ome Cp-to-Dnte Hints A boat Cultiva-
tion of the Soil and Yield* Thereof—
Horticulture. Viticulture aud Floricul-
ture.
Horticultural Observation#.
We have heard about the benefits of
keeping poultry in plum orchards, but
the practice should not be too much
relied on. Other means must be used
to hold in check the insects. Certain-
ly if the fowls are to be depended on
to any extent for this work they must
be assisted by having the trees shaken
for them. Even then the birds have
to be educated to pick up the insects,
and if a man shakes down the curcu-
lios without having first given the
chicks proper instruction he may be
disappointed in seeing the insects re-
main on the ground untouched. At a
meeting of the Ohio Horticultural So-
ciety, Professor Green said: "1 know a
great many think that the mere pres-
ence of chickens iu the plum orchard
may save the plums, but 1 don't know
how they can get the eurculio unless
they cliinb the trees, and they won't
do that. You have got to teach the
chickens to pick up the curculio, by
throwing a little grain around first,
and when you shake the trees they
soon learn what they are and pick
them up."
I
Market peculiarities have to be met
and their demands satisfied. The man
that sells apples should always sort
them, for he will find a readier market
for the different sizes if sorted than if
sold together. No one appears to fan-
cy a lot of little and big apples in the
same lot. Buyers are governed by dif-
ferent motives in their purcnases.
Some well-to-do buyers want a uni-
form lot of large apples of good color,
and will pay an advanced price for
them. But many people prefer apples
of medium size or below providing
they are well-colored. This is espe-
cially true of the heads of families of
children, where apples are purchased
in quantities of a peck at a time. A
peck of big apples is soon used up,
while a peck of medium-sized or small
apples will last longer and give the
children more satisfaction. I he pur-
chasers of these apples prefer them
even at the same price they might
have to pay for the large ones. An-
other very large class of people pur-
chase small apples. They are the
keepers of boarding houses and hotels,
and the purchases by these people are
very large in quantity. The boarding
house keeper knows that, as a general
thing, each guest will eat only one
apple whether large or small, and as
a matter of economy the small fruit
Is purchased. These things show the
necessity for sorting all fruit like
apples.
The work of originating new vari-
eties of apples goes on, and the eradi-
cation of the poor ones is a parallel
process. New apples are constantly
being imported and some are proving
good. The constant revision of the
fruit lists is a work that is bound to
have a very beneficial result. On this
point Professor Lazenby says: "It is
interesting to note that during past
years the list of apples worthy of cul-
tivation first increased and then de-
creased. In 1891 it comprised 339 va-
rieties. In 1899 it had decreased to
300. Quite a number of varieties have
been stricken off, and of course some
new ones have been added. There is
another thing that is of some interest,
that is the varieties that originated in
foreign countries, have increased pro-
portionally. Iu 1891. out of the 339
varieties that were recommended, 22
originated in foreign countries. In
other words, all but 22 originated in
this country. Now in 1899, of the 300
that are recommended, 49 of them were
of foreign origin. Of these, 22 are from
Russia, 7 from France, 7 from Eng-
land, 3 from Germany, 1 from Holland,
2 are simply marked as Europe, the i
country not being known, and 6 from
Canada, making 48."
InscctH in Stored Gruiu.
Bulletin 127, U. S. Department of
Agriculture: The chief loss in this di-
rection from insects is to grains in
farmers' bins, or grain or grain prod-
ucts in stores, mills and elevators, al-
though in the warmer latitudes much
of the injury results from infestation
from one bin into another, grain pesto
are not likely to trouble. The benefit
will depend upon the frequency and
thoroughness of the agitation, and in
France machines for shaking the
grain violently have been used with
success. Winnowing weeviled grain is
also an excellent preliminary treat-
ment. Raising the temperature of the
grain in closed retorts or revolving
cylinders to 130 to 150 degrees F. will
kill the inclosed insects if continued
for from three to five hours, but is apt
to injure the germ, and is not advised
in case of feed stock. The simplest,
cheapest and most effectual remedy is
the use of bisulphide of earbon.
Bisulphide of Carbon.—This is a col-
orless liquid with very offensive odor,
which, however, passes off completely
in a short time. It readily volatilizes
and the vapor, which is very deadly
to insect life, is heavier than air and
settles and fills any compartment or
bin in the top of which the liquid is
placed. It may be distributed in shal-
low dishes or tins or in saturated
waste on the top of grain in bins, and
the gas will settle and permeate
throughout the mass of the grain. In
large bins, to hasten and equalize the
operation, it is well to put a quantity
of the bisulphide in the .center of the
grain by thrusting in balls of cotton
or waste tied to a stick and saturated
with the liquid, or by means of a gas
pipe loosely plugged at one end, down
which the liquid may be poured and
the plug then loosened with a rod.
Prof, H. E. Weed reports that in Mis-
sissippi the chemical is commonly
poured directly onto the grain. In mod-
erately tight bins no further precaution
than to close them well need be taken,
but in open bins it will be necessary to
cover the mover with a blanket to
THE FIRST DEMOCRAT
Traitor to the American
ring W Loved hy the Mail Who
Drota John Hull Out of Thin Country
— Memory Still Hateil l y Th.lr Ilk.
Milking Capacity of Sow*.
Mr. Sanders Spencer, an English
writer, says: "The quality of milk- I
giving is not sufficiently studied by rHOMAS JEFFERSON'S friends
many pig breeders, who take it fori and enemies,
granted that well-nigh every sow j
which will produce pigs will, as a mat- j
ter of course, furnish them with a good !' "•<« >y i: .ry
supply of lacteal food." This is very
far from being the case, and there is
nearly as much difference in the milk-
ing qualities of sows as in those of
cows. Very little care is taken in the
selection of sows as mothers on the
if Aprlh
It will!
Thomas Jefferson was a courageous
. feader and a comprehensive statesman,
ground of their probable milking pro- j A nob,ei. man a purel. patriot and a
pensities, although the points of a good | ^ unselfish lover of his kind than
suckling sow are in many respects sim-| ^ ^ tQ ^ generation never
ilar to those of a good milking cow, , ^ ^ ^ enemies of a„ the eno_
and generally the discovery ot de®'I mieii of popular g0Verlinieut: friends of
ciencies in this respect la made when ^ Himself a member of one
the little pigs are found to be doing o{ ^ <)f |n|ai hp
badly. Even then there is generally a Ued thp m0V(,melU to HboliBh
disposition to give the sow anotner
ie that she
better next time," and she is retained.
disposition to give u - the fpu(lal inBtitution of primogeniture
bett^^'next time,"Pand she ^s retained, and entail which locked the land of
on the ground that she is a "valuable" , the ancestor from generation to gene-
animal, until the owner's patience is ration away in the hands of the eides
exhausted, and he becomes reluctantly son. He succeeded amid the wails and
convinced that such a sow cannot he lamentations of "respectable society
profitably kept. No sow Is "valuable," j in establishing equality of inheritance.
no matter how highly bred, how long and for this he was never forgiven.
her nedigree or how high her cost, He dissolved the connection between
that is not a'good milker, and able to church and state, laid deep and endur- v h « «'
feed her pigs in such a way that they ing the foundations of religious liberty. ''ago h
grow with ordinary and reasonable and for this, bigotry and fanaticism
rapidity. Complaints of young pigs tore at his character, though the m-
doing badly while with the sow are creased life and vigor and the wide
very common. Occasionally the com- progress of religious movement
plainant recognizes that the sow is a through a disenthralled and unpen-
poor milker, or "a bad mother," as the sioned church amply vindicated his
general run'of pig breeders express it; wisdom. He laid broad the founda-
but in the majority of cases it is not tions of our present system of free
even dreamed of that the pigs are public schools, and for this he was pro-
doing badly because they do not get claimed a "Jacobin" and a "leveller.'
sufficient milk of proper quality to sat- He compressed the whole substance
isfy their growing requirements. A 0f free government Into a few lines
i large number of pigs die young from 0j t)ie Declaration of Independence,
a few days after Agulnaldo has been1
captured. Personally the 1st of
will be a great relief to me.
be the first day in nearly six years that
I have not had an official mail to at->
tend to." .
It is true, as Mr. Griggs says, that
the period of his service comprises'
some great events, but what a pity it
is that he could not point to some per-
sonal achievements during that time
as well as to those of the army and
navy! What a pity that he could not
remind thq people that the records of
the federal courts during his service
held evidence that he had done his
duty; that those records showed him|
as the successful prosecutor of those
great combinations which have been
violating the laws of the country.
What a pity that he cannot haud the
papers of his office over to his suc-
cessor and say to him: "These things
have 1 done in accordance with my
oath. Do thou as well."
But he cannot do this. He cannot do
i any of these things. All he can do is
> to hand over the empty office tiles to
: him who takes his place. As Griggs
I has been so will his successor be.
What significance will there be in the
winks which they will exchange! —
ronicle.
prevent the too rapid dissipation oi , no"other cauae than that they are alld for thls hia memory is traduced
the vapor. The bins or buildings starved_unabie to get sufficient sus- j wherever tyranny and oppression
Young
should be kept closed from twenty-
four to thirty-six hours, after which
a thorough airing should be given
them. Limited quantities at a time
may often be advantageously subject-
ed to treatment in small bins before
being placed for long storage In large
masses, and especially whenever there
is danger of introducing infested grain.
The bisulphide is applied at the rate
of 1 pound to the ton of grain, or a
pound to a cubic space 10 feet on a
side.
tenance from their mother. Young ablde. From his post in Paris he di-
pigs are difficult to rear by hand; they rected the movement that forced the
do not take kindly to cows' milk, or bm of rights int0 ti,e federal constitu
rather it does not suit them because it tjon
is deficient in fixed constituents, par- his day cursefi j,im and the imperial-
ticularly in fat, and they do not pay jsjs 0|> tofjay breathe their little spite,
for the new milk received. There is \yheu Hamilton was pronouncing the
no greater nuisance on a farm thau a fe(>^ra| constitution "a crazy old hulk"
litter of motherless pigs, or a lot that and hig party was by brazen usurpa-
THE SPOONER BILL.
The "Spooner bill," which gives to
the president autocratic power in the
Philippines, having failed of passage
in the ordinary way, has been tacked
on to an appropriation bill and the
conspirators are attempting to accom-
plish by indirection that which they
failed to secure by fair means.
This bill gives the president abso-
lute power to grant all kinds of fran-
chises in those unfortunate islands,
and the plundered people have no pro-
tection from the greed of the specu-
lators whom the president favors.
The opposition presented several
amendments to the measure, among
Mid for this the monarchists of j which was one that all franchises
granted should be subject to final rati-
fication by congress, but this was vot-
ed down, and if the bill passes in its
present shape all the valuable fran-
I chises of the country will be stolen
Onion Growing.
There is a good deal of complaint
among farmers and gardeners about
being unable to secure a good stand of
onions by planting the seed. Onion
seed deteriorates very rapidly with age
and only that of the last season's crop
should be used. The sprouting seeds
and young plants are very easily killed
by drouth and some method of plant-
ing must be followed that will carry
the young plants over the dry weather.
given away to foreign millionaires. It
is thus that we benevolently assimilate
the barb?' 'a.
ASSIMILATION.
About :;r>u years ago the Portuguese
A simple and quite effective way of proved herseif unable to bring up her
are practically orphaned because theii j|Qn powei. monarchizing the federal I from the people who own them aud
mother has not enough milk for them, government, Jefferson organized the
It is said that pedigree pig stock, like movement t)lat hurled from public life
the pedigree cows above mentioned, apostatf>s to popular liberty, and
are the worst offenders in the mattei j0[, ^jg Hie "roar of foaming calumny"
of deficient milk production, especially 'r0und his name. In the
-if the herd has been in-bred; but bad
milkers and poor mothers are to be
found among all breeds and classes of
pigs, and require to be looked after in
selecting breeders, and to be ruthless-
ly weeded out if the discovery oi their
imperfections is delayed until a litter
of pigs has been spoiled or starved.
In a general way, when engaged in
breeding ordinary stock no second
chance should be given a sow that has
planting is to prepare a good seed-bed
by plowing the land in the fall or early
winter. Smooth down the surface with
a harrow or similar tool. Drill the
seed in rows about fifteen inches apart,
placing the seed about one inch below
the surface of the soil. Firm the soil
pigs in a thoroughly satisfactory man-
ner. There may be some hesitation in
sacrificing a pedigree animal that has
cost a lot of money, but if she does
not look like a good stickler, or if she
fails at a second try, she should at once
be fatted for the butcher. She may
well on the seed by walking on the , haye excellent points In other ways,
rows or some similar method; then
cover lightly with loose soil. This
memorable language of Henry Clay,
"In 1801, he snatched from the rude j 8tartefl out to civilize and Christianize
hand of usurpati.on the violated con- j tjJe barbarians in one of their colo-
nies on the southern coast of China.
They have finally reduced these na-
tives to a happy state of benevolent
assimilation. The people are ignorant
and brutal. They have been reduced
to a state of abject slavery. The wom-
en have become beasts of burden, be-
j cause they are cheaper than mules, and
: they are worked twelve hours a day
| for a wage of from three to five cents.
The Portuguese are a slow people-
it lias taken them a long time to fin-
i ish this blessed work, but as we are a
j young, thrifty and energetic people it
is hoped that we may reach the same
j happy conclusion in the Philippines
j during the present century. Noncon-
formist.
stitution of his country, and this was
his crime; he preserved that sacred j
instrument in letter, substance and j
spirit, a priceless heritage for the gen- I
erations to come, and for this he can
never be forgiven." The work and
teachings of Jefferson constitute today ;
the great bar to that selfish and sin- i
ster "spirit that is forever perverting J
government into a scourge and a j
curse." Despite the ravings of the !
Henry Cabot Lodges and the whole
brood of modern congenital tories, lie
stands in history the monumental civic
figure of the natal days and formative
years of the American republic.—
Mishawaka Democrat.
method, although simple, has never
failed to give a good stand of onions
at the Experiment Station at Still-
water. As soon as the plants are three
or four inches high they should be
thinned to three inches apart in the
row. Weeds and grass should never be
permitted to grow in the onion bed
and the surface of the soil should be
kept loose and mellow with the hoe or
hand cultivator. Onions are easily
grown and with good care will yield
a good crop in almost all parts of Ok-
lahoma.—Oklahoma Experiment Sta-
tion.
Kinging Grape Vine*.
The practice of ringing grape vines
has been tested to some extent by the
New York Agricultural Experiment
Station. Two vineyards were under
experiment in different parts of the
state aud the vines in each were
ringed for two years. In one vine-
yard, trained upon the two arm Knif-
fin system, both arms were ringed be-
i yond the fifth bud; and in the other
! vineyard, using the renewal system
of training, the arms were ringed be-
i yond the renewal bud. In both or-
1 chards very marked differences in fa-
j vor of the fruit on ringed arms was
| noticed with such varieties as Empire
j State, Concord, Niagara, Geneva and
Catawba, the bunches and berries be-
ing larger and more compact and rip-
but they cannot compensate for the j
loss which results from the dying off j |
of half or perhaps three-fourths of MOST costly army on EARTH
each farrow It is also advisable, at Washing! n correspondence New I
least where the progeny is to be kept j York World: Compiled from the latest ;
to strengthen the herd, to select boars
from dams which show thorough ma'
ternal capacity.
in the field between the ripening of the ! ening earlier. In most cases, however,
grain and its storage in bins or gran-
aries. Fortunately, the several impor-
tant grain insects are amenable to
like treatment. Aside from various
Important preventive considerations,
such as, in the South, prompt thrash-
ing of grain after harvesting, the thor-
ough cleansing of bins before refilling,
constant sweeping, removal of waste
harboring insects from all parts of
granaries and mills, and care to pre-
vent the introduction of "weeviled" j and milk, will fatten fast, look nice,
especially with higher flavored varie-
ties like Delaware, the quality was In-
jured; and the grapes which naturally
show a tendency to crack, like Wor-
den, were worse in this respect on
ringed vines. The renewal system
seems best adapted to this practice,
but its adoption or rejection is a ques-
tion the individual grower must set-
tle for himself.
A pig confined to a pen, fed corn
Keep Insects Away.
It is a well-established principle that
it is much easier to ward off an attack
of insects or to make conditions un-
favorable for their multiplication than
to destroy them after they are once in
possession; and in controlling them,
methods and systems of farm and
orchard culture have long been recog-
nized as of the greatest value, more
so even than the employment of in-
I secticides, which, in most cases, can
I only stop an injury already
Insects thrive on neglect, multiply
| best in land seldom or never culti-
| vated, and winter over in rubbish.
! prunings or the undisturbed soil about
their food plants, and become, under
these conditions, more numerous every
year. It is a fact of common observa-
tion that it is the neglected farm, vine-
yard or orchard filled with weeds or
wild growth which is certain to be
stocked with all the principal insect
enemies; and, on the other hand, thor-
ough and constant culture, with the
removal and burning of prunings,
stubble, and other waste, the collec-
tion and destruction of fallen and dis-
eased fruit, and the practice, where
possible, of fall plowing to disturb the
hibernating quarters of field insects,
will almost certainly be accompanied
by comparative immunity from insect
pests.
available government statistics, show-
ing that the United States is paying
a greater price for militarism than any
the merit system dead.
Indianapolis News: It looks more
and more as if the old battle for the
merit system will have to be fought
all over again. President McKinley
other nation on earth, and almost as j |jas revived the spoils theory to such
much as any two others together:
an extent that lie has to devote hours
if 145,245,
navy,
navy,
grain, there are three valuable reme-
dial measures, viz., agitation of the
grain, heating, and dosing with bisul-
phide of carbon. The value of agi-
tating or handling grain Is well
known, and whenever, as in elevators,
grain can be transferred or poured
breed young, have few pigs, caked ud-
ders, fever, eat her young if she lives
through farrowing, and prove a dis-
mal failure. Her muscles are unyield-
ing, blood thick, system feverish; she
is diseased (fat) instead of h auny
(lean).
In fighting the Colorado potato bee-
tle no adequate substitute for arsenical
poisons has yet been found and there
is little hope that any will be found.
The efforts are now limited to finding
cheaper or more effective compounds
of arsenic than Paris green.
United States Army. $1
navy, $78,696,973; pensions,
230; total, $398,942.20;!.
England—Army. $103,085,000; navy,
$134,975,000; pensions, $1,407,840; -to-
tal, $239,467,840.
France—Army, $125,855,207; pen-
sions not included in above, $60,720,-
102: total, $186,575,309.
Germany—Army. $160,625,200: navy,
$33,353,250; pensions, $16,323,900 to-
begun. tal. $210,302,350.
Russia—Army. $159,185,000;
$41,532,000; total. $200,717,000.
Austria—Army, $72,640,000;
$9,986,000; total, $82,626,000.
Italy—Army, $52,889,000; navy, $22,-
207,000; total, $78,096,000.
And for this enormous expenditure
we have a smaller army than any of
the European powers and a smaller
navy than any except Austria. The
statistics follow:
United States—Army. 100,000; navy.
20,000; total. 120,000.
England—Army, 254,000; navy, 110,-
640; total, 364,640.
France—Army. 579,519; navy, 42,-
605; total. 622,124.
Germany—Army, 479,229; navy, 26,-
651; total, 505,880.
Russia—Army, 8S3.146; navy, 37,164;
total, 920,310.
Austria—Army, 265,608; navy. 12,-
935; total. 278,543.
Italy—Army, 211,906; navy, 23.692;
total. 235,598.
$175,000,000: every day to the work of filling offices
It. is not an easy matter to convince
farmers and dairymen generally that a
knowledge of theoretical principles is
advantageous to the success of practi-
cal work.
1 that are already filled and that, too,
by republicans. He is wearing himself
! out in the work of distributing spoils.
• tf now there Is to be further "loosen-
ing up" we shall see another unseemly
! rusl^of place hunters,
monopoly'S great stride.
Houston Post: If ten years ago any
man had been bold enough to suggest
1 that four men would ever absolutely
| control practically the entire railroad
| system of the United States he would
! have been laughed at. If any man yet
exists who has no fears, in view of
I the rapidity of the movement of con-
1 solidation in
industrial life
ing alarming
all.
all departments of our
he is deliberately ignor-
developments patent to
MR. GRIGGS AND HIS "SERVICE."
Speaking of his retirement, Attor-
ney General Griggs says: "My service
has covered a period that comprises
more great events than any other in
the history of the country except dur-
ing the civil war. I went into the cab-
inet just a few days before the Maine
was blown up and 1 am retiring just
(Jetting lienilv Tor More Iiebl.
Philadelphia Record: Hawaii when
annexed to the I nited States was in
debt nearly $5,000,000, not including
about $750,000 due on account of the
postal savings system of the' islands
I'nder *h>> terms of the resolution of
annexation $4,000,000 of the debt and
the postal system accounts are to be
paid by the United States and the
treasury department has already set
about the task. By the end of the cur-
rent fiscal year the Hawaiian debt will
have been reduced to a sum of $600,000
or $700,000, and the speculative island
financiers will have a clear basis for
further schemes involving the issue of
public obligations.
Lake fishing through the ice is a
great sport at Buffalo. N. Y. One Sun-
day in March 300 men and boys were
counted oil Lake Erie. 1 he highest
catch was eighty pounds.
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You Alls Doins. (Lexington, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 8, Ed. 1 Friday, April 19, 1901, newspaper, April 19, 1901; Lexington, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc168922/m1/3/: accessed March 30, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.