The El Reno American. (El Reno, Okla.), Vol. 18, No. 12, Ed. 1 Friday, March 17, 1911 Page: 2 of 10
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PAGK TWO
THE Eli RENO AMKIUCAN. FIUHAV, MAIMII 17, 1011.
L
QUAKAH PARKER ESTATE
THE LARGEST OF ANY
OKUXiILaM'.V OITY—In the death
of Quanah Parker, chief of the Co-
manche Indians, tho red-blanket
tribes of the West lose, perhaps the
most distinguished, if not the most
intelligent red man o.f the last hun-
dred years. 'His hereditary chief-
tainship exemplified the correct In-
tepretat ion of the term Indian chief-
tain; his appointive chief ship repre-
sented the white man's idea of the
executive ruler. Tho combination
of the two, as practiced by tho Co-
manche leader, made him the most
unique character in modern Indian
history.
The virtue of the Caucasian blood
which he obtained through h'« moth-
er (Cynthia Ann Parker, a while
girl, who was captured when a child
by the wild Comanehes in Texas, be-
came the mother of Quanah Parker,
and was retaken when a woman and
a mother by General L. L. Ross of
Texas), had its reward in 1901,
Parker being commissioned by Eth-
an Allen Hitchcock, then secretary
of the Interior, as chief of the Co-
manche tribe, ile thus became rul-
er of his people, subject to the laws
of a republican form of government
and the will of the interior depart-
ment. These restrictions placed
about him the safeguards necessary
to hold in check any ill-timed for-
ward advances that the chief's In-
dian blood might have unfortunately
provoked.
ILIb hereditary chieftainship came
from his father, Nogona, who was
the leader of the tribe nearly three-
quarters of a century ago when the
Comanches occupied an unsettled
teritory embracing all of he b< uth-
ern part of western Oklahoma, the
Panhandle of Texas and much of
the middle west of the Lone Star
state. Cynthia Ann Parker became
the wife of Noeona, and a year lat-
er, about sixty-seven years ago,
Quanah was born. An interesting
relic of those days of depredation
and massacre Is a photograph ma le
"by some frontier artist of Cynthia
Ann Parker with her little son. then
about four months old, at her breast.
and gave them new Ideas of recon-
quering their lost domains.
Parker's first important speech to
white men, delivered at the opening
of the country of his tribe, was be-
fore the senate of the first state leg-
islature in Guthrie In 190S, the year
after the advent of stateho> d. A
bill had been introduced prohibiting
the imitation of the peyote into
Oklahoma and forbidding the use of
the drug among the Indians. Dele-
gations from the Comanehes, Kio-
was, Oheyennes, Arapahos, Wichi-
tas, Caddos, Apaches and other west-
ern Oklahoma tribes, were failed to
Guthrie, each led by its chief or prin-
cipal men. Parker was the spokes-
man. and his addresR In broken En-
glish was one of the interesting di-
versions of that long sessi« n of the
legislature.
Parker's real heartfelt interest In
his people centered in the welfare
of the children, lib* traveled con-
siderably over the Indian country and
ad'vised parents to Rend their chil-
dren to the white and Indian schools.
He Ibullt a school bouse on his ranch
and one of his daughters, who was
educated in the United State In-
school at Lawton, was the teacher
for several terms. Others of his
children were educated, and two of
his daughters married prominent
white men.
DATE OF ST.PATRICK'S
Although it is well known that
when the conversion of tho north-
ern countries of Kurope to Christian-
ity was systematically entered upon
by the early church women exercis-
ed a remarkable influence in secur-
ing proselytes, there Is, strange to
say, no record of any special work
of the kind done by them in Ire-
land. While Clotilda, the queen of
the Franks, carried tho faith to
Clovis, and Bertha, the queen of
Kent, and Gisella, tho queen of Hun-
gary, were leaders in their own coun-
tries, 110 Celtic woman's name is so
Identified. St. Patrick seems to
have had the chief work, as he has
the chief glory, in connection with
the first religious training of the
Emerald Isle.
Sent to Ireland by Pope Oelestine
e photograph was used as a front- ln „u> early part of tht, flfth
fljeoe ln a small bouk published a | tllry. confined his labors ti
split the difference" by adding the
two dates and so came St. Patrick by
his birthday, March 17.
If the legendary story of the good
saint's doings is to have any cre-
dence, he should be considered as
the most chivalrous champion and
friend of the weaker sex. As the
destroyer even In but one country
of that arch enemy which myth and
art have so continuously associated
with the fall of the race and the
unhapplness of woman, St. Patrick
made the land of the shamrock, as
Moore tells us, so safe and glad a
spot the maiden was secure from
harm whereever she went:
Sir Knight, I feel not the least
alarm,
No son of Erin would offer me harm
For, though they love woman and
gold in Rtore.
Sir Knight, they love honcr and vir-
tue more.
St. Patrick's day is usually cele-
brated In Ireland with a fair, or
"Pattern day," when various ways
of getting the simple peasants' mon-
ey are devised by the wily tent own-
ers, who sell "fine American gold
rings'' for a shilling and yell their
wares with all the lustiness of Dan-
iel OX'onnell's fish-woman.
A dance en the village green or
near the Xown pump is on the great
features of the day. Shamrocks are
worn by everybody, and the little
girls wear crosses made up of gayly
colored ribbons on their right arms
ove which is pinned a shamrock, de-
noting their loyalty to their country
and the church. iLooal orators de-
liver patriotic addresses, boys bet
on the annual donkey races, priests
preach long sermons on "the glori-
ous patron saint," the police watch
for revolutionary riots, and careful
mothers look out for Cupid's plots,
but withal there Is a tradition In
Ireland that more people fall in love
on that, day and more matches are
made than on all the other hoPdays
Hut 110 one blames St. Patrick.
STATE III GEORGIA
abundance the four sources of pow-
er—coal, oil, gas and water power
She has larger dep sits of asphaL
gypsum, salt and glass sand than
any other state. She possesses Inex-
haustible deposits of the structural
materials, granite, limestone, sand-
stone, babbro, clay, shale and Port-
land cement rock a* well as an enor-
mous amount of lead, fcinc and Iron
and a numbe rof miner minerals.
"Agriculturally, Oklahoma rank3
among the foremost states in tho
Union. With a mild climate, ample
rainfall, and abundance of extreme-
ly fertile soil she is capable of pro-
ducing anything grown between the
Canadian line and the Gulf, or I -
tween the Atlantic border and the
Rocky Mounting. CV tton, corn, wheat
and oats are her staples. She leads
most states In the production of cat-
tle. hogs and horses.
"It should not be imagined, how-
ever, that the resources of the state
FORI III RUINS
PORTAGE. Wis.—A part of two
buildings is all that remains of one
of the most picturesque of the old
frontier pests of the United States
army. Fort Winnebago was estab-
lished by the United States govern-
ment in 1828, near the site of the
present city of 'Portage. At this
point the Fox river, flowing into
Green Bay, and affording an outlet
int the great lakes, and the Wls-
eon-in river emptying Into the Mis-
s ,i;i river, are only two miles
part. The streams were connected
later by a canal, but from the days
of Marquette and Joliet the white
man in hia travels, utilizing the
streams, made this point the portage
have yet be^n fully developed. The pending a name to the beautiful
late Ixard of agriculture is author-j little city which nojy occupies the
ity for the statement that at thi | ground between the two streams.
present time only about twenty-four! It was partly to protect this route
per cent of the available soil in Ok- of travel and afford a refuge for an * "f~Q'
lahoma is in cultivation. The min- the daring spirits which penetrated \ adventu
eral resources have scarcely begun I the wilderness that the fort was I
J. A. Hatchett, President
Geo. W. Bellamy, Vie«-Pres.
Arthur T. March, Cashier.
Oscar R. Howard, Asst. Cash.
The El Reno State Bank
EL RENO, OKLAHOMA
DIRECTORS
J. A. HATCHETT GIDO. W. BELLAMY PRANK KRAFT
H. L. FOGG ARTHUR T. MARCH
UNDER THE PROTECTION OF THE STATE GUARANTEE FUND
Bv
re^ years ago by a Texan, giving
Qie life of Cynthia Ann and some of
the phincipal events in the life of
Quanah Parker.
JParker's Caucasian blood gave
hljpfi a bent toward a business ea-
reer(and enabled him to amass a con-
siderable fortune. 'He was uncom-
municative to strangers whom he
n;ot traveling over the country. He
-w;\s reticent in the presence of resl
d«;nt whom he knew but slightly,
but was cordial and entertaining to
yVo.-e whom he knew intimately.
Frequently Parker called his In-
dians together at the barbecues and
ot(ier gatherings and admonished
tjienl to become better citlaens, to
Ihi'ltafe the whit
special part of the country, but vis-
ited every chieftain and province in
turn. To a Welsh invader who had
carried away, among other prisoners,
many neophytes and had committed
many atrocities in his St. Patrick
addressed the only of his authorship
known to he extant. This and his
"Confessions" are the only authen-
tic remains of his literary work.
Both the birth and death of St.
Patrick are Involved In so much un-
certainty that, as is the ease with
so many heroes, the anniversary of
either event must he fixed by con-
jecture. (Some authorities give a
latitude of ten years from 377 as
man s \s ays
( e probable time when he was born
• "'8 and opinions as to his death place
tV'y; usually proceeded to do by get- the ,|me anrwh,.r> froni tho Vl<nr
fl.tigf; .trunk and spending a few 4,;i) ,0 4!):l thus g|vlnR hlm an ;ISP
li ghts in carousal.
There Is a form of intoxicant
i^aflv .from the peyote, a bean that
^ .^rovyn In Mexico, which is im-
to the Indians of Oklahoma
cjthPjT southwestern states. Ab-
typrjpg, whiskey. Parker was a devo-
peyote drug for the rea-
son he frequently said that it con-
tained medicinal qualities that the
med'clne men found necessary In
healing disfl ses. The Indians used j born on March S, while others con-
the drug flHncipally at their fre-1 tended that his (birthday wag on the
jnal feasts. It made next day, and wh'le they contended
tfcHiS IV/H] dreams and see visions a solon bent on r« .1 e suggested 'to
of from 78 to much beyond a hun-
dred years, if an authentic date
cannot be fixed there may be some
authority for the characteristically
assertion of James Whltcomb Riley,
that*-
It was upon St. Patrick's day,
In the middle of July
The weather It was cold and wet
Hut the day was hot and dry.
Some Irishmen held that he was
nioii in*
eilj I:
sad '
0} ii -
lionN
CHEAP TICKETS
TO CALIFORNIA
Will be on sale daily March 10 to and including April 10,
191 I. For example: $25 ftom nearly all Santa Fe stalions
'n Oklahoma to Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, as
well as to many intermediate points. I he same or corre-
sponding fare from points on other lines in connection with
hru, toe Santa Fe.
q The Santa Fe runs new tourist sleepers through to Cali-
fornia. They are electric lighted and have extra large dress-
ing rooms for women and smoking rooms for r- _n.
q Three fast trains for California daily.
^ If yoii want to make an economical trip, better complete
, i. jour arrangements today, as tickets will be
m- On Sale for a Limited Time Only
For further information, sleeping car space and de-
•eriptiv* literature, apply to
■ ' ' i * :•
J. K£NM£DY* Ptatcnger Agent
Santa Fe BtuUinf j J • • . Tope k a, Kansas
nvitation of the Gove
of Georgia, Dr. ("has. X. Gould
the University of Oklahoma, was
asked to represent the newest state
in the union at the meeting of the
Southern Commercial Congress held
at Atlanta on March 8, 9 and
Dr. Gould's speech, delivered on the
first night of the session was full oi
wit, humor and startling statements,
and his friends at O. U. are wonder-
ing if ho did not make a better m
presslon than did President Taft anil
exJPresldent Roosevelt who were to
follow him In addressing the con-
gress
We cannot print the entire speech
but some excellent paragraphs of it
are given below:
"I have the honor to represent the
baby. Oklahoma is the youngest of
the sisterhood of states. As wo say
in the West. She's a 'three-year-
old.*
"Oklahoma is doing very well
these days. iShe Is really quite a
vigorous youngster. Like other
children of her ago she likes to show
her play-things and her pretty toys
to anyone who will take the trouble
to look at them. And when you
stop to think of it. Oklahoma has
some tMngs to show that may be of
Interest to her older sisters.
"Of . ourse Oklahoma has had her
o n little troubles. All babies have
She has had her political colic, and
< roup, her educational mumps and
measles, and her financial chicken
pox and whooping cough, but up to
the present time no one has yet ven-
tured to accuse her of having the
hook worm.
In spite of thees things, Okla-
h ma is coming on very nicely,
thank you. She is today a husky,
j romping, squalling Infant fully oap-
; able of making enough racket to let
other states know she's ou the map.
j All she needs is to bo properly
spanked, and >y>temati. ally scolded,
j in order to develop into a happy,
j buxom lass.
' Ity invitation of the governor of
Georgia, and the good people of At-
lanta, we are today met in one of
the thirteen, original colonies, the
Km pi re state of the South. Georgia I
is the largest state east of the Miss-j
is>ippi river. Oklahoma, the state
which I have the honor to represent,
has an area of more than ten thou-
sand square miles more than has
Georgia.
"I have attempted to show you
that Oklahoma is an extremely
wealthy state in the matter of nat-
ural resources. There are those of
us who have made the state-rent
that 'Oklahoma has more kinis ot
minerals and more minerals cf a
kind than any state in the Union,
and up to the present no one has
been found with sufficient data to
disprove the statement.
"Oklahoma possesses in great
to be developed. At a conservative
estimate, not one per cent of the
mineral wealth of Oklahoma has yet
been touched.
"We have a saying in Oklahoma
that 'We are in the Queen of Sheba'
class. To those who have difficulty
in getting your scriptures on straight
the thought may thus be paraphras-
ed. 'You don't have to lie about Ok-
lahoma, if you tell half the truth
the people won't believe you.'
"Tho people In Oklahoma are the
best that the sun shin's upon. They
come from everywhere. Oklahoma
Is a meeting place of the clans. From
the north and south, the east and
west, the people have come to the
land of promise. Few of them had
money when they came, but they
had what was far better, courage
and ability, and a desire to make
homes for themselves and for their
children.
"Oklahoma has a smaller number
I of paupers than almost any other
I state and at the same time she has
more schools than any state. Her
educational advantages are equal to
those of any state, and superior to
most. Among her professional men
there is a larger percentage of col-
lege graduates from accredited east-
ern schools than in most sections cf
the country.
"In Oklahoma we take little ac-
count of tradition or precedent.
While the fact that a man conies
from one of the old families may not
necessarily be to his disadvantage, it
will certainly help him little.
"Every man is taken on his mer-
it alone. He Is assumed to be a gen-
tleman and a scholar, otherwise we
are not concerned in either his an-
cestry or his pedigree. We ask
man two questions, first: 'Can you
do this work?' and second, 'Can you
do it right now?' If so. well and
good, take hold and show us, if not
stand aside and let some one at the
job who knows how.
"What Oklahoma needs more than
anything else, is more good men and
women and more capital to develop
her dormant resources. With inex-
haustible dei osits of minerals and a
vast amount of soil capable of pro-
ducing a large variety of crops the
people of Oklahoma are manufactur-
ing very little that they use. We
need men and money to develop
these things. We know that we have
a good country. We say to all the
world 'Get out of the way and
watch us grow, or, better still, come
In with us and help us grow.' We
say to all the world. 'This Is a good-
ly land, .come ye with us, go our
way, and we will do you good."
erected and a garrison maintained
there until the Winnebago Indians
were moved to Indian Territory.
The majority of the Indians refused
to stay in their new home, some
wandering back to Wisconsin and
others being sent to Nebraska, but
it was never again found necessary
to maintain a garrison at the post.
Another pressing reason for the
maintenance of the post in the ear-
lier days was the Incessant quarrels
between the Winnebagos and the
Menomlnees, who were never able
to dwell together ln a friendly and
neighborly fashion, and the strong
arm of Uncle Sam was frequently
put forth in compulsory medita-
tion.
The climax of the career of Fort
Winnebago came when It was used as
the northern base of operation for
the army in the Black llawk war.
This campaign ended in the defeat
of the great Sac and Fox chief at
sioux City, about thirty miles down
the Wisconsin river from Fort Win-
nebago. The old trail made by ^ ^
Black Hawk and his band was plain-! ,(.(j
ly visible along the Wisconsin river'
he was noted for being a martinet.
Cordially disliked by the men in the
ranks, they dared not make an out-
ward show of their resentment, but
the young lieutenant was not always
so fortunate in his clashes with civ-
ilians .
The hardy spirits who passed to
between the r'vers, trappers,
rers and later settlers who
came to people the wilderness, were
not of a class to brcok the domin-
eering manner of Davis. Clashes
between him and this class were fre-
quent, but In spite of his many
bumps Davis was not of a type to
learn from experience and change
his manners. Neither did the fact
and support of his brother officers,
who were more tactful and consid-
sidered an exhorbitant price for its
franchise and equipment.
The Big Postal will open its of-
fice in Oklahoma City about April
1. The line from Wichita to Okn-
homa City was completed Monday
S. M. English, president of tho
Postal of Texas, denies that the
Western Union of Texas or any other
company owns a dollar of stock in
the Postal of Texas.
Do you know that all the minor
ailments colds are by far the most
dangerous? It is not he cold Itself
that you need to fear, but the ser-
ious diseases that it often leads to.
LVIost of these are known as germ dis-
eases. Pneumonia and consumption
are among them. W'hy not take
erate in their dealings with others, ,Chamberlain's Cough Remedy and
Strictly
Phone R
I.I Y Si l l)
at market price.
Iniith Taylor, Route
9-tf
i OME TO THE pUHZENS NATION
AL BANK
and make your deposits. Look over
our list of customers and you'll find
you will be in excellent company
DEPOSITS RECEIVED AND MONEY
IJOA/NED
are two things that interest business
men. Your deposits are secure and
when business requires loan accom-
modations we make them. Every
advantage a bank can give its pat-
rons we supply.
bottom within the memory of many)
who are not now old.
When the post was abandoned by
the army the buildings were used
for dwellings, the laborers engaged
in the construction of the Fox and
Wisconsin river canal largely fur-
nishing the tenants for a number
of years.
From scenes of military pomp the
old parade ground became the bat-
tle ground in which the dwellers in
the old barracks fought the'r differ-
ences, and the cry of "fights!" was
the signal for every one within ear-
shot to repair to the flat, smooth
and clear section of the old post.
Many is the head bruised by fist,
stick or stone in the toe of a stock-
ing that has throbbed at It left this
famous battle ground and truth to
tell, they were not all male heads
by a long shot.
Time has about completed its
work on the old buildings and all
that remain at the pre*,-snt time are
a part pf the old cavalry stable and
a part of a storehouse now used as
stables.
Lieutenant H. P. Vancleve was
Charlotte Quisconsin Clank at the
fort in March, 1830. His bride was
whereabouts of the first child born in
state of Wisconsin. The name or
whereabouts of the fist child born in
the town of Portage, which grew up
under the protecting shadow of the
fort, is unknown to the writer, but
the second one born in the town, Ed-
ward T. Best, is now conducting a
newspaper at Neleigh, Neb.
Only one picture of the old post
as it originally appeared is known to
•xist. It stood on the Fox river
slope of the old portage, on the
summit of a gentle rise overlooking
the stream. Its location was ideal
for beauty, health and military ser-
vice. The road on the r'ght of the
picture is the old trail from the Fox
to the Wisconsin river, followed by
Marquette, Joliet and the thousands
of adventurous white spirites who
came after them, as it had been used
lx'fore for the unknown generations
by their Indian predecessors. It was
the great highway between the two
great waters, the lakes and the
Mississippi.
There was a wealth of Interesting
personal rem'nlscenees connected
with the old fo^* Many notable men
were quartered l:<*re from time to
time. Among them may lie men-
tioned Generals Joseph and Albert
Sidney Johnson and Jefferson Dav-
is. General Zachary Taylor, after-
ward president, was colonel of the
First infantry when that regiment
furnished the garrison. General
Taylor himselif was stationed with
a portion of the regiment at Prai-
rie du chien, but frequently visited
the post on official business.
Jefferson Davis, theu a young lieu-
tenant, was attached to the First
Infantry and was quartered at Fort
Winnebago. Then, as in after years
curb his temper or domineering spir-
it.
Davis received his most humiliat-
ing rebuff from a French and In-
dian half-breed named Paul Rris-
beau. The half-breed was the most
noted hunter of his day in that sec-
tion. He was not an enlisted man.
but had the contract to furnish the
garrison with meat. Game was plen-
tiful, and, with his skill, this was
an easy matter and he found much
time to loiter about the post, where
he was a general favorite with both
the men and the officers. His wild, [
free life, however, did not school :
him to bow submissively to orders,
and particularly when they were is-
one without the right to
mmand.
One winter day he was fishing
I through the ice on the Fox river
! when Lieutenant Davis came down
iiitl the latter immediately commenc-
ed to instruct llrisheau how to con-
duct his fishing operations. Bris-
beau resented the interference and
hot words followed, ending with the
fisherman sousing the young lieu-
tenant into the icy waters of the
river.
Davis was slender and Brisbeau
was one of the most powerful men
in the country and the irate officer
was hut a child in his hands. Davis,
his steps accelerated both by his
anger and the chill of his bath, put
off for the fort, vowing vengeance on
Brisbeau. His wrath was not modi-
fied or his desire for vengeance ap-
peased when the commanding offi-
cer told hlm he had no redress be-
cause, as the affair occurred outside
the reservation, the army had no
authority over Brisbeau, and. fur-
thermore, because Davis was the ag-
gressor, as Brisbeau was minding
his own business and Davis was not.
Secretly there was much rejoicing
over the affair, both among the offi-
cers and men, ard the net result,
so far as Brisbeau was concerned,
was to make him more popular than
ever.
cure your cold while you can?
sale by all druggists.
For
Rock Island
Tickets on Sale, March 10
to April 10, 1911
Make the trip to Califor-
nia now. You can buy a
one-way Colonist ticket
and go in perfect comfort
on fast trains—with
dining car service — in
through Rock Island
Tourist Sleeping Cars
providing the conve-
niences of a Standard
Pullman at half the cost.
Choice of Routes
Southern, via £1 Paso, the
route of lowest altitudes;
Scenic, thro* Colorado and
Salt Lake City. A delightful
journey either way.
For rates and information ash
Rock hland
Ticket Agent
NINE GANGS BUSY
STRINGING WIRES
lftl<2 POSTAL CX IIWXY'S LINE-
MEN HAVE KHAtWKI) OKLA-
HOMA CITY
Nine gangs of men have started
out of Oklahoma City stringing wires
for the big Postal Telegraph com-
pany to Houtson and Galveston,
thence to New Orleans, each gang to
have from sixteen to twenty men.
It, 1s expected the lines through to
Galveston will be completed in nine-
ty days.
Offices of the Big Postal in Okla-
homa City will be at. 18 -North Broad-
way, in the I^ee Huckins hotel build-
ing. W. A. Logan will be the local
manager, and F. W. Conger, divi-
sion superintendent, will maintain |
headquarters here until the lines
reach Dallas and may remain here
permanently.
This company formerly maintain-
ed commercial relations with the
Postal of Texas, under a contract
which provided for severance of tne
relations if at any time the Postal I
of Texas and the Western Union ,
ame under the same control, whi.-.i I
the Big Postal alleges happened j,
when the%Bell Telephone company
absorbed the Western Union and the |
Big Postal is said to have decided*]
to build its own line rather than
pay the Postal of Texas what con*
PROFESSIONAL
• ••••••••••••••••
• L. OOjfUfBLKUlt M. I). •
• Homeopath. •
• Rooms 8 and O Met'lung llldg. •
• Phones: Office 848. Res. 182. •
• ••••••••••••••a*
• ••••••••••••••••
• 1)R. P. H. CLARK •
• Physician and Surgeon •
• Rooms 1 and 2, First National •
• Bank Building •
• Phones: Oflire, 28; Res., 420. •
• •••••••••••••••a
• •••••••••••••a
DR. G. W. VAN HALTEREN •
OSTEOPATH •
Chronic Disease Specialist. •
Three year graduate Amerl- •
can School of Osteopathy, •
Kirkevllle, Mo., under Founder •
of Science A. T. 8tl11 •
Office 104H 8. Bickford. •
Hours 9 a. m. to 12 m.; 1 p. •
m. to 5 p. m. •
• •••••••aaaaeea
TH0S. BENSON
Funeral Director and
Embalmer
I.ady Assistant Private Ambulance
I'I Kctio, Oklahoma
i'hone i20 105 N. Bickford
Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Kerrick
Funeral Directors and Knibttlmers
108 N. Rock Island El Beno, Okla.
Flowers for all occasions
Fi nkrai. Designs a Specialty
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The El Reno American. (El Reno, Okla.), Vol. 18, No. 12, Ed. 1 Friday, March 17, 1911, newspaper, March 17, 1911; El Reno, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc164750/m1/2/: accessed March 18, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.