The Weleetka American (Weleetka, Okla.), Vol. 8, No. 39, Ed. 1 Friday, December 24, 1909 Page: 3 of 8
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FERTILITY "AND MOISTURE
NECESSARY FOR CELERY
"" cAr4„r, —
How to Raise,
MONEY IN POTATOES
Spuds Do Their Best on Well-
Manured Clover Sod.
Arranging Boards for Blanching Celery.
■Celery may be grown on any soil
from sand to clay, provided other con-
ditions are made right. Success is
largely a matter of fertility and mois-
ture. Fertility is maintained by the
use of cover crops, mine manure, and
commercial fertilizers, writes Paul
Work in Rural New Yorker. Crimson
clover and rye are the standard hum-
us-making crops, with the latter pre-
ferred. The clover is of value as a
nitrogen gatherer, but unless it can be
sown earlier than is possible on high-
priced and intensively farmed land,
the gain does not cover the extra cost
of seed. Rye has the advantage of a
gi eater bulk of humus and an assured
stand.
Seed for the early crop should be
sown in flats about March 1. Earlier
sowings show a marked tendency to
run to seed, and there is little advant-
age in marketing before August 1.
Typical Bunch Ready for Market.
fc'ome trouble Is experienced with
damping off. Deep flats and careful I
wate ring are important factors in I
avoiding this
years the
then be sown without danger from the
chemical. Th^ seedlings are trans
planted to flats and then to cold
frames, though they are not so rigor-
ously hardened as cabbage plants. A
full ton of a high grade fertilizer, run
ning about six per cent of nitrogen,
eight of phosphoric acid, and ten of
potash, is applied to each acre. The
fertilizer should be put on just before
(he plants are set, about the middle of
May. The distances are 33 inches be-
tween rows, and seven inches in the
row. Great care should be taken to
avoid setting the plants too deep, as
the crown is partly covered and the
plant seriously stunted, usually ruined.
A row planted by a careless worker
is a conspicuous monument to his
memory throughout the season.
The water problem is a very serious
matter, and especially in growing
celery. There is hardly a year when
drought does not curtail the crop. Ir-
rigation is the only remedy. Leaf
spot or celery blight is the most ser-
ious pest. It can be held in check by
faithful applications of Bordeaux mix-
ture.
Blanching celery in hot waether is
not so easily accomplished as in the
fall. Soil at this season affords most
favorable conditions for rust. Instead
of this method, 12-inch boards are
used. Only good lumber is purchased,
cleats are nailed on to prevent split-
ting, and the boards are as well cared
for as hotbed sash, far better than
many a gardener cares for them.
^ Each board does service six to seven
times in a season. When the plants
are 12 inches high, the boards are
set beside them and fastened in place
with clamps made from a piece of
heavy wire about 10 inches long, and
bent to a little less than a right angle
two inches from each end. Pairs of
rows are selected at intervals over the
field for the first blanching. In this
way wagon-ways are opened and labor
is saved in moving the boards from
row to row. The process requires
from 10 days to two weeks, according
to weather conditions. When ready
for market, the celery is dug with
spades and stripped of outside leaves
in the field. It is hauled to a shed,
trimmed, washed with a hose, bunch-
ed, and scrubbed. The root is cut to
a four-sided wedge and three or four
stalks are tied at top and bottom into
a fiat bunch.
Disk Harrow Used Advantageously in
Preparing the Soil—Care Should
Be Exercised That the Bugs
Do Not Get Started.
(BY I. H. TRUFANT.)
Iotatoes will do their best on a
well-manured, well-prepared clover
sod. The ground should be plowed
about two weeks before planting.
One of the best tools for getting the
ground into a fine tilth is the disk
harrow. Double disk the ground once
or twice and after that use the spring
and spike tooth harrow.
After you have soil in proper shape
look to your seed potatoes. These
should be kept in a cool dark place so
that they will send out strong, healthy
shoots.
They should liave been selected the
previous year from the hill, using only
the best potatoes from the best hills.
In digging potatoes we often find
hills that only contain three or four
small potatoes.
If we do not select from the hill seed
will tell in potatoes as well as In
stock, but if you have to plant small
and scabby potatoes be sure and
treat them for scab. This is easily
done. Put the potatoes in clean sacks
and soak for two hours In a solution
of 15 gallons of water and one-half
pound of formalin. It is Important
that the sacks and barrel containing
the mixture be thoroughly clean, be-
cause disinfected seed will be rein-
fected if put into dirty sacks or boxes
from which it was taken.
After you have your soil in shape
mark off your rows from 2% to 3
feet apart, depending on the fertility
of your soil.
Harrow the ground two or three
times before the plants come up so as
to kill the weeds and maintain a dust
mulch, thus retaining moisture.
This method saveB a lot of cultiva-
tion and it Is cheaper, as you can get
over a large area in a day.
After the potatoes are up set the
cultivator deep and close to the plant.
I prefer level cultivation, as there is
no danger of root pruning.
Go shallower each time after this,
cultivate just enough to keep the
weeds down and to maintain a dust
mulch and if the weeds should get the
start of you after you have stopped
cultivating go through the field with a
corn knife and cut the weeds ofr close
to the root. By this method you do
not lose any of the potatoes and it is
also quicker than pulling them up.
Be very careful that the bugs do not
get ahead of you, as they will soon
strip the leaves off the plants. The
best time to kill them is just as they
are hatching and it does not take much
poison to kill them at this time.
Spray for blight also. This Is a
kind of insurance. It is claimed by
some growers that the increased
yield will pay for the work.
Many methods of harvesting are
now used. For the large growers the
use of the four-horse digger is prob-
NUTRITIVE ELEMENTS IN HAY
May Be Divided Into Two Classes,
Flesh Formers and Fuel or Ener-
gy Producing Substances.
1 he nutritive substances in hay or
feed may be divided into two classes
flesh formers and fuel or energy pro-
ducing substances. When the proper
amount of these two classes of sub-
stances is fed the ration is said to be
balanced. If an unbalanced ration is
fed, as one containing more fuel or
energy producing substances than are
needed and less flesh-forming material,
the ration is partially wasted, and such
unwise feeding will not bring as good
results as the feeding of the same
amount of a balanced ration. Each
class of substances has different offices
to perform In the body. If not enough
flesh-forming substance is fed the body
suffers, because it is absolutely neces-
sary to keep the body in good condi-
tion. Thousands of horses are fed all
they can eat, yet are poorly nourished
because the food contains little except
fuel substances.
The flesh-forming substances are
used to replace the waste that goes on
COUNTRY WHOSE SOIL SPELLS
WHEAT AND OUT OF WHOSE
FARMS THOUSANDS ARE
GROWING RICH.
WHAT PRESIDENT TAFT AND
OTHERS THINK OF CANADA.
Another Fat Year for the Canadian
West.
~MfXLF)r
1 cowrrj
CLOVCH
r—taro.
□ TIMOTHY.
□
Diagram showing the relative amounts
of digestible protein and carbohydrates in
different kinds „r hay. The sections in-
closed in light lines represent the carbo-
hydrates; those inclosed in heavy lines,
the protein.
in all living tissue. Energy-producing
substances are used to furnish the en-
ergy required for the nervous and mus-
cular activities of the body, and when
fed in excess they may to a certain
extent be stored up in the form of fat
for use later, when needed for either
energy or heat.
One of the most important sub-
stances in any foodstuj is protein. All
nutritive substances which contain
nitrogen are classed under the general
term of protein. Protein Is composed
ol nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
sulphur and phosphorus. Protein is'
the substance which builds up the
body. The muscles, tendons, liga-
ments, connective tissues, skin hair
hoofs, part of the bone, and in fact
every part of the body but fat, are
made up of protein, together with'min-
eral matter and water.
The next important class of sub-
stances is the carbohydrates which
contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen,
but no nitrogen, sulphur or phospho-
rus; they include starch, sugars, etc.
These are used for practically the
same purpose for which coal or wood
is used in the steam engine—namely,
to furnish energy and heat.
GENERAL FARM NOTES.
Our Canadian neighbors to the north
are again rejoicing over an abundant
harvest, and reports from reliable
sources go to show that the total yield
of 1909 will be far above that of any
other year.
It is estimated that $100,000,000
will this year go into the pockets of
the Western farmers from wheat
alone, another *60,000,000 from oats
and barley, while returns from other
crops and from stock will add $10,-
000,000 more. Is it any wonder then
that the farmers of the Canadian
West are happy?
Thousands of American farmers
have settled in the above mentioned
provinces during the past year; men
who know the West and its possibili-
ties, and who also know perhaps bet-
ter than any other people, the best
methods for profitable farming.
President Taft said recently in
speaking of Canada:
"We have been going ahead so rap-
idly in our own country that our heads
have been somewhat swelled with the
idea that we are carrying on our shoul-
ders all the progress there is in the
world. We have not been conscious
that there is on the north a young
country and a young nation that is
looking forward, as it well may, to a
great national future. They have
7,000,000 people, but the country Is
still hardly scratched."
Jas. J. Hill speaking before the
Canadian Club of Winnipeg a few days
ago said:
"I go back for 53 years, when I
came West from Canada. At that time
Canada had no North-West. A young
boy or man who desired to carve his
own way had to cross the line, and
to-day it may surprise you—one out
of every five children born in Canada
lives in the United States. Now you
are playing the return match, and the
North-West is getting people from the
grown successfully up to the- sixtieth
parallel and in the years to come your
vacant land will be taken "at a rate
of which you have at preseHt no con-
ception. We have enough people la
the United States alone, who want
homes, to take up this land.
"What you must do in Western Can-
ada Is to raise more live stock. When
you are doing what you ought to do
in this regard, the land which Is now
selling for $20 per acre will be worth
from $50 to $100 pre acre. It is as
good land as that which is seHhig for
more than $100 per acre in the cera
belt.
"I would rather raise cattle in West-
ern Canada than in the cora belt of
the United States. You can get your
food cheaper and the climate is bet-
ter for the purpose. We have a bet-
ter market, but your market w ! im-
prove faster than your farmers will
produco the supplies. Winter wheat
can be grown tu one-half of the coun-
try through which I have passed, and:
alfalfa and one of the varieties of
clover in three-fourths of It. The
farmers do not believe this, but ft is
true."
Keeping pace wilh wheat produc-
tion, the growth ol' railways lias been
quite as wonderful, and the whole
country from Winnipeg to the Kocky
Mountains will soon be a net-work or
trunk and branch lines. Three great
transcontinental lines are pushing
construction In every direction, und
at each siding the grain elevator Is
to be found. Manitoba behic the
first settled province, has now an ele-
vator capacity of upwards of2G.MO,0O
bushels, Saskatchewan 20,000,60, and
Alberta about 7,000,000, while he ca-
pacity of elevators at Fort William
and Port Arthur, on tho Great Imkes,
is upwards of 20,000,000 more
Within the provinces of Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and Alberta there aro
flour and oatmeal mills with u cam-
blued capacity of 25,000 barrels per
day, and situated along some famous
water powers in New Ontario, them
are larger mills than will tie found
anywhere in the Prairie ProvlneeH.
Last year the wheat crop totaled
over 100,000,000 bushels. This year
the crop will yield 30,000,000 more. A
recent summary shows that on the 1st
of January, 1909, the surveyed lands
of the three western provinces, totaled
134,000,000 acres, of which almtit 32,-
000,000 have been given as subsidies to-
railways, 11,000,000 disposed of in oth-
er ways and 38,000,00 given by tho
Canadian Government as Irco home-
steads, being 236,000 homesteads of
160 acres each. Of this enormous ter-
ritory, there Is probubly undor crop
Never breed an animal that has a
bad disposition.
,. , — — r— A horse cannot rest well Ivinc down
ably the cheapest way, but the small in a narrow stall.
Educate Collie Pups.
The Collie pup, like the child, must
be thoroughly educated. A child that
difficulty, of recent' is not educated is simply a back num-
growers can undoubtedly do it cheap-
er by hand.
Get rid of the sow that does not
prove to be a good mother.
FRAMC CTftD u A ill IMO Tnn * ' ?aIt fed da,ly greatly increases fhe
FRAME FOR HAULING TOBACCO gain from feed consumed.
Take tim
Illustration Showing Serviceable One
and Directions for Construction
—It Saves Time.
to thoroughly stir the
cream several times while ripening.
The value of a sow as a breeder
does not consist of her proliflcness
alone.
seed has been sown in
feeds, the soil of which has been
sterilized. For this purpose a quart of
formalin is mixed with a barrel of
water, and a gallon of this liquid ap-
plied to each cubic foot of soil. After
two weeks it is dug over, and seed may
ber and has no standing in the better
society circles, so the Scotch Collie
that is not educated up in the proper
lines is little benefit to his master.
The Scotch Collie is almost, if not al-
together as susceptible to an educa-
tion or training as the child.
GRASS RUNS FOR CHICKENS
f ,have had ihreo years' experience
with the system of green feeding
here described and know what I am
talking about. To the poultry keep-
er who is obliged to economize space,
the grceu food problem is most vex-
ations, but Dr. George W. Little, the
pheasant fancier, solved the problem
when he invented grass runs, writes
Dr. A. H. Phelps in Orange Judd
Farmer. These aro frames four feet
wide, 13 feet long, made with hem-
lock boards six inches wide, standing
upon edge, the top being covered with
one-inch-mesh chicken wire. Beneath
this frame crimson clover, oats, wheat
and rye are sown.
The wire, which is six inches above
tho ground, protects the young, grow-
ing plants until they pass through
the wire, when the fowls begin pick-
ing off the ends of the top leaves.
They cannot get at the roots or other-
wise destroy the plants, which con-
tinue to grow with increasing vigor
throughout the season. My experience
with over 100 of these runs has
proved that Lakenvelders and Ham-
burgs ougfc* to have four square feet
a bird, while Faverolles and other
large breeds need six or seven feet
each.
Of course, in estimating tho sur-
face required for a given number of
fowls a great deal depends upon the
luxuriance of growth of the plants.
The soil must be well prepared and
rich, the runs must be located to re-
ceive ample sunlight, in event of a
protracted drought they must be wa-
tered with a hose, and lastly tile seed
must be sown thickly. The hens walk
around on the top of the wire and
keep the plants cut off as smoothly
as would be done by a lawn mower
Disadvantage of Gilt,
A gilt will usually farrow about ,,a
many pigs as an aged sow, but she is
usually not more than half-grown and
not in proper condition to farrow so
her pigs come much smaller and 'she
has developed no motherly instinct or
milk flow; consequently it is about
two weeks before her pigs get to
where the aged sow's litter were when
they were born.
Keep on Plowing.
While the weather Is nice and the
ground In good condition, get out with
the team and plow and get some of the
oats and corn ground broken. It w'll
help matters along next spring.
•The Illustration shows a convenient I When a young pig becomes too fat
and a time-saving frame for hauling the heart is one of the first organs
tobacco after it is on the lath. It con- affected 8
sista of two pairs of rails just far | Having cream the right temperature
aboil? foTfee!" ouTm" V"" ^ I "If" y°U beg'" churnln8 saves time
aoout tour feet, out to out, writes A. and vexation
turlst"""* rw in An,erici,n Asrlcul- Keep the ewe lambs by themselves
BaHed tn th se""iB as a flange is until they are in their second year
' . the outside of each to pre- [ when they may be bred.
vent the lath from slipping off in j A considerate man will not swear at
his horses any more than he would
swear at his hired man.
Takes longer to churn., when the
I churn is more than half full. We must
: give the cream room for agitation
| Sheep thrive in the air and sunshine
and quickly pinu and fall away when
deprived of these essential elements
I Carelessness and ignorance cause
I more loss from disease than anything
either direction. If the tobacco is not ' trvman^ C°nn'°nt8 the avera&e Poul-
very tall there may be three i airs of o . u
rails, one at ove the other, especially paid 20 cents for eggs
a low wagon is used. There may be i Th?. summerJ° P'ace In cold storage.
oeie may ue rhis means higher priced eggs next
winter.
Sponging a horse's eyes, face and
nose three or four times a day during
hot weather is refreshing and verv
beneficial.
Unless you know which hens are the
best layers and act on this know ledge,
you cannot make a success of the poul-
try business.
Place the windows In front of the
stall at least throe feet above
United States very rapidly. We at the present time less than 11.008*-
brought 100 land-seekers, mainly from ""0 acres; what the results will be
Iowa and Southern Minnesota, last wtlen wide awake settlers have taken
w .1 oi St' Pau1' golng to the advantage of Canada's offer and are
worth-West. Now, these people have cultivating the fertile prairie lands,
all the way from five, ten to twenty , one can scarcely imagine.
thousand dollars each, and they will ' __ -
make as much progress on the land in ' ..v "le Scissors Cul In-
one year as any one man coming from I , ,, may bc 8hai'P," said the thread
the Continent of Europe can make do- < "! rH f c"°' ' ^ut f notice yon are
ing the best he can, in ten. fifteen, or ! Ss setting it In the oye."
twenty years," ' I ■ I don't know," answered tho
It is evident from the welcome ' Ile®ll!e' 1 notice that whenever you
given American settlers in Canada I fL !! hole 1 have to I'""
that the Canadian people appreciate I "«!8 i,
them. Writing from Southern Alberta ; i T l!P' y°" tWO'" cried Mle thil"
recently an American farmer says- — ,, ... wasn't f°r my pnsti you
"We are giving them some new I n°ither of you get along."
ideas about being good farmers, and j The Noisv One
ey are giving us some new ideas Bacon—Everv man in «
about being good citizens. They have belongs to the Anti-Nolae unefotv' liut
a law against taking liquor into the one. 8"C,Cty but
Indian Reservation. One of our fel- ! Kgbert-And who is that one-
lows was caught on a reservation with ! "The silent partner "
a bottle on him, and it cost him $50. I '
One of the Canadian Mounted Police ,„A dealer sold imitation Spearmint
found him, and lot me tell you, they ] , s customer gave it to a friend. The
find everyone who tries to go
against the laws of the country.
"On Saturday night, every bar-room 1
is closed, at exactly 7 o'clock. Why? !
Because it is the law, and it's the 1
up dealer lost his customer,
tomer lost his friend.
Tbo cus-
mnMUtkgS
For Hauling Tobacco.
three pairs, anyway, if two men do the
loading, one standing on the wagon In
the middle of the frame.
Since a lath is longer than the width
ol a standard wagon, it is necessary
to bend the irons inward below the
lowest pair of rails. Then it is best
to brace them. Tho mils may project
as far behind the hind bolster as tile
strength of the rails or the stability of
tho frame will permit. At least two
boards, having cleats at tho i • > —- m
sr rrr., i sews ax-*-—
Cream ripens slow theso cool days
it helps matters to add a
amount of buttermilk to tho
cream when enough has been
ered for a churning.
Wanted to Know.
Father—Well?
same with every other law Thnrp i ioillI®y—W,U I be a monopla
isn't a bad man In the whoTe dlstrfct! | " ™
and a woman can come home from : . Some people suffer continuallv
town to the farm at midnight if she t,re<'> achinu and RU'fillnn fut.t
wants to, alone. That's Canada's idea
how to run a frontier; they have cer-
tainly taught us a lot.
"On the other hand, we are running
their farms for them better than any
other class of farmers. I guess I
can say this without boastinn, and tho ! no'Bhborliood
Caandlans appreciate us. We turn ' "i ~7T~Z
out to celebrate Dominion Day; they ! "i LTI T
1 1 took it. \ ou can't smell it be-
tl selling and ;wo'llen"'fe;.r'l,^uiri'.o
they know how soothing is Hnmln,, VV.>,-
i i.i , U'" m at "ik it and havu
thankful, I'appy feet in the morning. ®
You can't blame the man who has
got his winter's coal in for fooling:
rest of
I Just a little better thuii tho
country; IlK^kuot how ^/sovera? : m,nt after"^ W"IGLEY'S S1>I0AR-
we know how to work," I 1 afte1'
tQ work,
Another farmer, from Minnesota,
who settled In Central Saskatchewan
some years ago, has the following to
say about the country: —
"My wife and I have done well enough I Foil "s. S'
since we came from ihe States; we can , w rinn'tTi
live anyway. We came in the snrin? nf I . . 1 blaine a man far growling
i here a place for everything, and
the place for clippers is very often on
(he seat ol a small boy's trousers.
I Lewis' Single llindc
ame, fitting down over the flanges
to prevent the frame from spreading
n the jarring of hauling, and so let-
ting the lath fall,
Advantagas of Fall Plowing.
There are some advantages of fall
plowing which might be mentioned
The fall plowing gives the farmer plen-
ty of time to do his work in the spring 1
of the year. He may spend much of '
the time In repairing his fences and
outbuildings instend of plowing In the
field. Then, too, ho Is most certnln tn
get Into his field ear ler and while his
neighbor Is plowing h' ground he mnv
be planting his corn and the early
crop is tho one that yields the better
most years.
small
sweet
gath-
Good Sanitation.
Good sanitation is more and more
coming Into practice in modern dairy-
ing. Build a sanitary barn ir you can,
and If you cannot, then remodel the
Cow stalls and make them as comfort-
able and sanitary as possible. Floors
thnt can be kept dry and clean, and
walls and callings that do not catch
dirt, or are easily cleaned, and plenty
of light and ventilation are essentials
for good dairy stable sanitation The
work may be done a little at a time.
ildnnl in Tin-
nbstitute.
a came in the spring of I ip d°. 1 ,lIaine 11 1 -
1901 with the first carload of settlers' " 'rents him like n dog.
effects unloaded in theso parts and
built the first shanty between Sas-
katoon and Lumsden. We brought
with our car of settlers' effects tho
sum of $1800 In cash, to-day we are
worth J 10,000. We 'proved up' one
of the finest farms in Western Canada
and bought 320 acres at $3 per acre
We took good crops off tho land for
four years, at the end of which we
had $8000 worth of improvements In
the way of buildings, etc.. and had
planted three acres of trees. Two
years ago we gut such a good offer
that we sold our land at $45 per acre
From the above you will see that we
Save not done badly since our ar-
rival."
Prof. Thomas Shaw of St. Paul, Min-
nesota, with a number of other well
known editors of American farm jour-
in pari*
"\Vi I h regard to the settlement of j BROWM'm
the West I should say that it is only BROIVCHrA
well begun. I have estimated that In I a r,, ^ THOCHE9
Manitoba one-tenth of the land has ^ -
been broken. In Saskatchewan one-
thirtieth and In Alberta, one-hundrod i ?.""i 25 60
and seventy-fifth. 1 an, satisfied that
In all three provinces grain can be ^ *
Guar an
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James, Edwin W. The Weleetka American (Weleetka, Okla.), Vol. 8, No. 39, Ed. 1 Friday, December 24, 1909, newspaper, December 24, 1909; Weleetka, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc155214/m1/3/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.