The Norman Transcript. (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 10, No. 33, Ed. 1 Friday, June 23, 1899 Page: 3 of 8
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A MBit BLOW AT THE WILD MAN OF BORNEO
PA1RY AND POUI TRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
WW
A WAYSIDE STATION ON THIC RAILWAY IN BRITISH NORTH BORNEO.
One of the concessions by which the |
British hold Nortli Borneo is that from
*^ie sultan of Sulu, now a peaceable cit- I
Izen of one of the dependencies of the [
United States. What the "John com- |
pany" was to India the "British North
Borneo company" is to Borneo. The
Miltan of Sulu once claimed sovereignty j
over the coasts of Borneo, and still re-
gards the island of Mindanao as in his
domains. One of the most striking fea-
tures in opening up a new country by
railroad is the building of the line of
load through the jungles of North
Borneo. The directors of the British
company have added a territory as
large as Ireland to the empire. Through
this country they have already con-
structed twenty-three miles of road and
are pushing the work on. It is a rich
country in natural resources, through
which this railroad runs, and its com-
pletion will build up cities where be-
fore there were thatched huts. The
first twenty-three miles of the road has
proved this, for all along the line of
towns are springing up as they used to
do in the days of the building of the
Union Pacific. The British Nortli Bor-
neo company is especially interested in
the development of tobacco planting.
The Borneo tobacco is much like that
of Manila, though not of so good a
quality. A large revenue is derived by
the company from the exportation of
birds' nests for the soups of Chinese
epicures. Nowhere in the world do
birds build BUch suitable nests for
soups as in North Borneo. The possi-
bilities of Borneo were first discovered
by that picturesque individual, James
PRESMT KILMER AT
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uuil Poultry.
rn This
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Brooke, who established his family up-
on the throne of Sarawak, in the north
past part of Borneo. His nephew still
reigns there, and between Sir Charles
Johnston Brooke and the British
North Borneo company England has
the island pretty well in hand. There
is coal in Borneo, and when James
Brooke first begun to exploit the island
an American man-of-war came along
and its captain got a concession of a
larger part of the coal-bearing country,
but nothing was ever done with it. and
the concession was allowed to lapse.
There are in the territory held by the
British company about 31,000 square
miles and a population of about 200,-
000. Accounts are kept in dollars, and
the company pays $100,000 a year in
salaries, not a large amount, consider-
ing the territory it is exploiting.
Dairy Noten.
T' e question of salt is a live one in
| the larg creameries, but receives far
too little attention with the individual
farmer. Much of the salt is purchased
of the coriur grocery, and has been ex-
posed to no one kuows what conditions.
It has been remonstrated that salt does
absorb d:v flavors and afterwards
transmit it to the butter into which it
is worked. This should be kept in the
mind of the man that is trying to make
good butter. At his home he should
| have the salt securely protected from
• odors that would prove deleterious to
| the butter. That is not all; he must as-
i certain that the salt has been thus pro-
tected before it came into his hands. A
little care in this direction may prove
of value. It is wise to get the salt from
houses that make a specialty of han-
dling it for dairy purposes. In such
cases it is about sure to have been pro-
I lected against unfavorable influences.
The pure food law recently passed
by the Illinois legislature is likely to
be the subject of a good deal of con-
| tent ion when it gets into actual work-
| ing order. Some of the readings in ths
j law are v?ry ambiguous and indefinite,
i Take, for instance, clause sixth, which
| is one of those defining adulterated
I goods, which reads "if it contain any
I added substance or ingredient that is
! poisonous or injurious to health." Un-
der the law as < xpressed in this clause
I the question of preservatives will cer-
tainly come up. It must not be forgot-
ten that some of the best workers for
the passage of the pure food law are
either men that use preservatives in
their manufactured products or adver-
tise the preservatives in their papers.
In other words the men that fought for
the law are themselves helping to send
out good8 that aie adulterated under
the reading of the clause mentioned
Pe^aps their hope is to prove that the
different chemical preservatives are
harmless, that the stomach of man is a
sort of chemical laboratory, or should
be made so, according to the course fol-
lowed by Mithridates.
There seems to tye no doubt that
renovated butter is a perfectly lawful
product, in its simple state. Certainly
no one can question the right of a
farmer to make over his butter if it
has too much color or salt or too much
water in it. The line cannot be drawn
against the renovating process on a
larger scale, for what is moral on a
small scale is moral on a large scale.
But when to the simple renovation
is added adulteration by forma-
line or borax or any other chemical
the question assumes a sericfusncss that
makes it the duty of the law to see
that the product is at least branded
with a name that shall identify it to
the buyer. Massachusetts has just
passed a law defining process butter
as renovated butter. A delegation of
the process butter men recently waited
on the governor and asked him not to
sign the bill till this name had ben
eliminated or changed. They suggested
"sterilized" butter as an acceptable
substitute. Happy thought! They
would legally disguise the true charac-
ter of the renovated product by a name
that has obtained great honor and pop-
ularity. They would set It on high, far
above mere first-class creamery but-
ter. Call it "sterilized" butter, and the
sick would at once imagine that of all
products of the dairy it had the best
right to be considered as a part of their
bill of fare. What a revenue the proc-
ess men would reap from the army of
invalids and still greater army of imag-
inary invalids! However, it is likely
that renovated is the term that the dif-
ferent states will give it, as that is the
term exactly describing its character.
Tliis term bimple justice would dic-
tate.
t
The indepeudence and fearlessness of
the Boer republic is reflected in the
character of the Boer president, "Oom
Paul" Kruger. Nothing more clearly
shows the shrewdness of the Boer lead-
er than the recent arrest of conspira-
tors who were stirring up rebellion in
the South African republic, and the
SEA OF BEER.
Amount Consumed in KngUnd Would
Float <>*ir Hntlre Fleet.
No less than 275,000,000 gallons of
water find their way annually down the
throats of Londoners, while the beer
consumed amounts to 153,000,000 gal-
lons every year—a quantity which, if
placed in four-and-one-half-gallon
casks, end to end, would make a line
long enough to go more than a third
of the way around the equator, says
London Spare Moments, If this beer
were put into a colossal barrel hi
yards in diameter, the top of the barrel
(if cyclindrical) would be on a level
with the top of Nelson's hat if the Nel-
son column were perched on the top of
the monument, while 150 lifeguardsmen
could not join hands around its base.
In fact, our sea of beer would float
the entire fleet of the United States and
would allow a distribution of almo-t a
pint to every man, woman and child in
the world. Of neat spirits London de-
mands about 4,400.000 gallons a year,
or sufficient bottles (26,400,000) if
placed five feet apart to throw a spirit-
ous girdle around the earth at the
equator. If we add water cr aerated
waters In the ratio of two to one we
have diluted spirits sufficient to a'low
ten gills to every man, woman and
definite manner in which they
shown to be former officers in the
British army. The arrest of these men
is a stronger setback to the British
aspirations in the Transvaal than was
the capture of Cecil Rhodes and his
fellow-conspirators. The accompany- I federates to grief,
ing illustration is a reproduction of a | Ocean.
were ] snap-shot photograph made during
President Kruger's visit to Johannes-
berg. The president is in his carriage,
escorted by a detachment of Boer cav-
alrymen, the hardy warriors of the
veldt, who brought Rhodes and his con
Chicago Daily Inter
child (absit omen) in ths Unit'd King-
dom.
The "Sudd" in 11m >'lle.
For the first time in fifteen years
steamers manned by Europeans have
penetrated the interior of the Soudan,
for so long closed by the Mahdlsts. In
the meantime the strange water weed
called "sudd" has increased at its will,
u.«xHsturbed by passing boats. Some
distance above Fashoda the sudd
makes the river impassable, and so it
remains for hundreds of miles along
the Bahr-el-Ghazel and Bahr-el-Jebel,
which unite to form the White Nile.
Sometimes the weed is rooted in the
bed of the river: sometimes it floats
in patches upon the surface. The only
way to get through it is to cut a pas-
sage from below with billhooks and
push the patches down stream. The
sudd is no new thing. When Nero
sent envoys up the Nile they were
plagued by it. Gessi Pasha with 500
soldiers was caught in it in 1880 and it
took him three months to get out by
the aid of an Egyptian party that cut
away the weeds from below.
More than 600 Italian editors attend-
ed the journalist'; congress at Rome fa
Easter week.
Height* of Modern Oiieem.
Queen Wllhelmina takes serious ex-
ception to being mentioned in foreign
papers as "the little queen," though
she rather likes "the young queen."
She seems to believe that foreigners
are thus giving their estimate of the
importance of her kingdom, "for," she
has remarked, "it cannot justly apply
to my stature." And she is right,says
the Chicago Record, for the queen, who
measures 5 feet 5Va inches, is the tal-
lest of women rulers. The Queen of
Spain is only 5 feet 5 2-5 inches; the
Empress of Russia, 5 feet l\'-i inches;
the Empress of Germany and Queen
Victoria still smaller. Aside from her
height the young Dutch Queen is also
of the best build. Her 21'/2 inch waist
measure, and 42 inch bust give an ad-
mirable proportion. Her powers of en-
durance were well tested on corona-
tion day, when for six long hours she
wore the ceremonial mantle of red
velvet, trimmed with ermine, a weight
of not less than thirty pounds, and
showed no mark or symptoms of fa-
tigue.
Itoyni I'OCtors.
Queen Victoria's physicians are four
in number, and the royal doctors' bill ia
said to amount to about $1,000 yearly.
Poultry Notes.
j From Farmers' Review: Don't neg-
j /ect furnishing your poultry with an
abundance of grit and green food, for
this keeps them in health and the
healthier your breeding stock is the
better hatches you will get, and the
j stronger your young.
Of course, you know the stronger
the young the better success you will
have as to the growth, and the per cent
of grown fowls.
Don't neglect having the breeding
stock exercise, lots of exercise, they
cannot have too much to give best re-
sults.
Gather eggs every day and keep in
a moderately warm place to prevent
the germ becoming chilled. Turn
every day and the eggs can safely be
incubated after being kept three weeks.
Provide plenty of nests and plenty
of clean nesting, straw or soft hay, this
will prevent filthy eggs. Dirty eggs
should never be set or marketed.
One good cock Is enough for 12 or
15 hens, one drake to five ducks, and
one gobbler to 10 or 12 hens.
It Is not necessary to have a swim-
ming plare for the ducks, but the eggs
will give a larger per cent of fertility
if they are allowed to swim, then the
| frogs and frog's eggs furnish fhem a
j good food.
| The first 8 or 10 eggs laid by a duck
each season rarely hatch. It Is not
\ safe to set them. Furnish plenty of
\ straw in the duck pen and their eggs
will not. need washing which will lower
the per cent of hatching. Keep them
penned until nine o'clock in order to
gather their eggs, and bring the eggs
in of cold mornings as soon after be-
<ng laid as possible. They might hatch
But the duckling would be weak. Don't
neglect to furnish the o.J ducks char-
coal and green food.
Let the turkeys have free range If
possible, and use turkey hens three or
more years old if you can obtain them.
The gobbler doesn't matter so much,
but It is better if he is not & yearling.
Provide warm nests for the sitters,
and if the weather Is cold don't give
more than 15 eggs to a large hen, 13
If small; of ducks eggs, 10 to 12 will
be enough; 11 to 12 of turkey eggs.
Let the sitters have all the green
food, grit, charcoal, whole corn, water
and dusting material they want. It is
a good plan to sprinkle insect powder
in their dust bath; the lice will be
scarcer.
When the hen hatches it is best to
leave the young under her for 21
hours, unless she gets very restless,
then quietly remove her and the babies
to a clean warm coop. One hen w'll
easily care for the hatch of two hei.s
if a suitable coop is prepared.
Feed sparingly for several days, and
either drop the feed on sand and grit,
or mix sharp sand in the feed for a
few days; they require more grit at
first than they will usually pick up.
Give warm water In a drinking
fountain or improvise one to keep the
little chicks out of the water, by drop-
ping rocks In the pan. Have the
rocks large so the chicks may step on
them and drink. Keep free of lice.
Itutter Fat.
As has been pointed out before In
these columns, the per cent of butter
fat that milk contains is not depend-
ent so much on the kind of food the
cow eats as on the cow herself, says
Coleman's Rural World. The butter
fat content of milk is an individual
and inherent characteristic and is not
varied by the character of the food
eaten, except within very narrow lim-
its. It Is a characteristic that Is trans-
missible by sire and dam to progeny,
even through a number of generations
and it is because of this fact that we
have individuals, herds, families and
breeds that are noted fur the large per
cent of butter fat found in their milk.
One expects a Jersey cow to give rich
milk, although the expectation in not
always met. From a Holstein cow we
usually look for a large flow of milk,
but not a high per cent of fat. If it
were possible to feed fat Into milk by
giving rich food, It would be an easy
matter to get together a herd of cows
that would average 500 pounds of but-
ter a year by taking a lot of heavy
milking Holstein cows and then feed-
ing such food as is supposed to add
to the fat content of the milk .It is not
to be understood that the "butter fat"
characteristic is absolutely unchange-
able, for such is not the case; but
greater changes are made in it by
other nleans than by the food eaten.
Exposure to unaccustomed extremes
of temperature, rough treatment and
other causes of excitement will result
In a material reduction in the per cent
of butter fat.
ItiK (• oni Ranch.
What is to be the biggest goat ranch
in the world has recently been started
at I^amy Junction, N. M„ where the
Santa Fe branch leaves the main line,
by Robert Foerderor, a morocco and
kid manufacturer of Philadelphia, in
connection with Lucius Beebe, a leath-
er dealer of Boston, and several other
capitalists. They bought what is
known as the old I>amy grant from
the Manzanares family, at l^as Vegas,
and have already stocked it with forty-
five or fifty thousand goats, which are
to be used for breeding. Mr. Foerderer
is said to use an average of 40,000
skins a day in his own tannery, which
be has been getting mostly from Cen-
tral and South America, but he thinks
he can raise them cheaper than it
costs to import, and it is contended
that the skins of goats and kids bred
in that climate are softer and tougher
than those from hot and moist coun-
tries. The best skins are said to come
from the warm, dry fagions of north-
ern Africa. There are many small
herds of goats in New Mexico number-
ing two or t'.iree thousand, mostly own-
ed by native Mexicans, but this is the
first time, so far as can be learned,
that northern people have gone into
the business to any extent.
A Money-Making Horse.—Hamble-
tonian 10 is a familiar name to horse-
men, but how many know the princely
sum he earned for his owner? The
grand old horse was twenty years in
service and his earnings, beginning
with $125, in the year 18.52, gradually
mounted until the year 1805, when he
earned his maximum, $57,800, then
gradually declined to ¥ 15,000 in 1S72.
The grand total amounted to $207,200,
and the number of his foals was 1,285.
Who can estimate the value of a good
sire? It is related of his owner that,
during the earlier years of Hamble-
tonian, he was a poor man and with
difficulty escaped having his farm sold
to satisfy a mortgage. His friends ad-
vised him to sell his "Abdallah colt,"
but his reply was "I am too poor to
sell so good a colt. My wife and I
believe he will some day pay our debts
and save our home, but If we sell him
the sheriff will sell our home." His
expectations were realized and the Ab-
dallah colt not only lifted the mort-
gage but earned a fortune for Mr.
Rysdyk.—Ex.
Tamworth Association Officers.—The
newly elected officers of the American
Tamworth Swine Record Association
are as follows: President, Edwin O.
Wood, Flint, Mich.; secretary, E. N.
Ball, Hamburg, Mich.; directors (in ad-
dition to the president and secretary),
T. L. l'ndsley, Charleston, 111.; John
Fulton. Jr., Brownsville, Ont.; F. H.
Rankin, Jr., Flint, Mich. The asso-
ciation is in a splendid and prosperous
condition, and the Tamworth is gain-
ing in favor among breeders in the
corn belt and throughout the United
States and Canada.—E. N. Ball, sec-
retary.
Rcvlvnl of llone Itrefdlnf.
E. E. Chester, in an address to
horsemen, said:
The few farmers who improved their
opportunities during dull times to
build up a good breeding herd, and
went on raising horses regardless of
prices are now reaping a golden har-
vest not only in the sale of stock in
the market, but in the demand there
ia for brood marcs from other farmers.
During the past year there has been
an increased interest on the farm, In
horse production, and 1 predict a great-
er demand the present than for many
years in the use of valuable sires. The
late M. W. Dunham said only r. few
weeks ago: "1 feel that better times
have come for every man in tha horse
business who grows good ones." In
my mind this is the key note to tho
situation. My neighbor sold three four
year old geldings for $100, Another
sold three for $1)00. Each received all
his stock were worth. A part of tho
difference between the two sales repre-
sents the difference between good sense
and bad judgment in a business trans-
action about five years ago.
A few, alas very few, farmers read
the live stock and farm papers and are
keeping posted as to market demands
and are furnishing stock of a credit-
able type, and not one of them has ever
been known to express regret when
using or Belling, that they had taken
unusual care In selecting foundation
stock, and in keeping posted in what
professional horsemen were doing.
These are pleased that they were not
frightened when It was echoed from
every hill side In all the land, back to
the valley between the hills, "the day
of the horse is past," The horse that
is best suited to the conditions of the
western farm is the draft horse. With
fairly good judgment in selection there
need be few blanks. The colts and
their dams are useful in all the heavy
work of the farm. They arc easily
broken to work, and when well
fattened are as easily marketed as
a bunch of steers. They command
always good prices, and the
market has never yet been over-
stocked with good ones. The shrewd
horseman needs not to be told
that in the revival of the horse indus-
try there is a great Held of usefulness
and profit In supplying again these
farmers with stock. All the breeds
and classes of horses have their friends
on the farms, hence there is room for
all to aid in supplying the demand for
horses great and small, fast and slow,
that are best fitted to serve the varied
wants of his Blaster man.
About (lie Poultry Yard.
Ilecent experiments have ihown that
sklmmilk is a very valuable food for
young chicks, but becomes less valu-
able as the chicks get older, though
there is no doubt that, sklmmilk is al-
ways valuable as a food. But for
young growing chicks it seems to be
more than ordinarily valuable. When
added to the ration for chicks it in-
creases the consumption of other foods
given. The farmer almost, always has
a bountiful supply of sklmmilk. at least
so far as the demands for a feed for
the chicks is concerned. Meat and
milk as part of the ration of the chicks
will cause a rapid growth and this Is
of great importance when we are try-
ing to get fall layers.
In experiments made In 1897 and
1898 at the Indiana Experiment Sta-
tion 40 young chicks were divided into
two equal lots both as to number and
weight. They were fed on ground
food, wMh green grass, cabbage, rap"
and lettuce. Both lots were treated
alike with the exception that one lot
had sklmmilk and the olher did not.
At the end of 42 days (in 1898) the lot
without milk had gained 124 ounces,
and the lot with milk had gained 230
ounces. In the experiment of the year
before, one lot without milk gained
192.5 ounces in the same time that the
lot with milk gained 355.5 ounces. The
cost of the total food was greater with
the milk than without it, but this
was more than made up by the fact
that the cost of one pound of grain
was muc h less in the case of the chicks
that had sklmmilk.
Bad Result of a Poor Policy.—For
two years past at least a very largn
number of farmers have felt morally
certain that good colts would be re-
munerative, and yet their situation
was such that they were wholly un-
prepared to produce them. If during
the period of depression the horses on
the farms of the west had been culled
down so that nothing but good breed-
ing stock was retained, the work on
the farm would nave been just as well
done, and even although the farmer
during the period of depression might
have felt unwilling to pay service fees,
still with dawning of better times in
the industry he would have been in a
position to take advantage of the pros-
pective demand and b. gin breeding
horses at once. Instead of this, how-
ever, It was the best stock that was
sold off the farms in the majority of
cases and the poor stuff was retained,
with the result that very few farmers
are now in a position to breed for two
or three good colts in a year, even
though satisfied that it would pay to
do so.—Ex.
Yolk of the Egg. The yolk situated
in the center of the egg as far as pos-
sible, is of a very valuable character,
being composed of albuminous sub-
stances, fat and has also contained a
small proportion of mineral salts. It
is doubtless known by the keen observ-
er that the odoriferous aroma given off
from a rotten egg owes its origin chief-
ly to the decay of the yolk, which, con-
taining, as it does sulphur, gives off
sulphuretted hydrogen, aiso noticeable
in decaying vegetables. Altogether the
albuminoids from 13V4 per cent, fat3
11 Vis per cent, and salts or mineral
matter 1 per cent.—Ex.
Poultry culture is made up of a chain
of little things; one thing out of place
makes a bad kink in the whole chain.
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Burke, J. J. The Norman Transcript. (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 10, No. 33, Ed. 1 Friday, June 23, 1899, newspaper, June 23, 1899; Norman, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc137465/m1/3/: accessed April 19, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.