The Norman Transcript. (Norman, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 08, No. 32, Ed. 1 Friday, May 21, 1897 Page: 3 of 8
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| FINNY BIRD-CATCHERS. |
C. F. Kotfen. >n Mew York Lejfcr.
ELECTRICITY ON CANALS. I>0 NOT COMPLAIN
The extent to which birds prey upon
the small fry and denizens ot the sea
is not appreciated except by those who
are constantly afloat and in position to
make continued observations.
In the channel of Santa Catalina—a
deep, blue body of water that lies be-
tween the island of that name and the
mainland of Southern California—an
opportunity frequently offers to witness
the depredations of ocean birds. Cer-
tain gulls and their allies are found
here in great numbers, ten or fifteen
miles from land, eagerly watching for
schools of small fry. The tell-tale in
almost every instance is the large tuna,
or horse mackerel, and the albicore,
which drive schools of smaller fishes
hither and yon and sometimes cover
the sea with foam for miles, the air
seemingly at times being tilled witli
leaping fishes. This unusual disturb-
ance is noticed by the birds, which
flock from far and near and attack the
small fish on the surface, while the big
fish dash at them from below. These
birds often so gorge themselves with
food that they with difficulty avoid the
steamer that plies between the main-
land and the island.
In shore the big, brown pelican plies
his vocation, and on the lakes and
streams of the mainland, anil even
along the shore of the island, we find
the kingfisher, a voracious fish-catcher.
Some of the birds chase their prey
beneath the water, as the loons and
gannets; these birds having been
caught on hooks at great depths, while
the little water ouzels walk along on
the bottom and catch fish spawn and
various objects. In these attacks upon
the fishes the birds often expose them-
selves to many dangers, and numerous
instances could be chronicled where
birds have fallen victims to voracious
fishes.
In the harbor of Santa Catalina Is-
Another observer, sitting on some
ledges, saw some young birds sitting
on a branch that extended over the
stream, and as he watched the attempts
of the mother to induce them to fly, a
long, sharp-nosed fish came gracefully
out o£ the water and carried off a bird.
The parents uttered loud cries, but
were evidently utterly defenseless to
prevent It. In a few momemls the fish
returned to the attack, and in all car-
ried off three of the little family. To
accomplish this the pike had to leap
two feet out of water and grasp its prey
in the air in crossing the limb—an ex-
traordinary performance at best.
The little bird previously mentioned
that enters rivers and wades about up-
on the bottom is often caught by the
pickerel. This bird has a remarkable
method of progression, literally walk-
ing under the water clinging to peb-
bles and stones and hunting out worms
insects and fishspawn that are found
there.
Birds are not the only land animals
that fishes prey upon. Several years
ago the proprietor of a well-known fish
hatchery found that some depredator
was preying upon the spawn, and final-
ly it was discovered that mice were the
guilty parties. The little creatures not
only entered the tanks, but dived to the
bottom and ate the eggs. This led to
further investigation, and it was found
that this habit was a common occur-
rence among the mice of the locality,
and that they were in the habit of en-
tering the water and feeding upon fish
eggs that had been deposited along
shore. In this somewhat unusual and
adventurous proceeding they often fell
victims to the predatory fishes, as was
afterwards shown; not only did large
pickerel lie in wait for them, but the
trout showed a partiality to mice, and
caught them as they swam to the bot-
tom.
Iff W
A LONG, SHARP-NOSED FISH CAME OUT OF THE WATER AND CAR-
RIED OFF A BIRD.
land, which forms an attractive cres-
cent-shaped beach, flocks of little sand-
pipers are seen in September every
year, swimming about and feeding upon
the eggs of various fishes, which float
on the surface. These birds, which
are attractively colored black and
white, fairly cover the water at times,
swimming leisurely along, dipping their
delicate bills into the water and utter-
ing a not unmusical note.
While watching these birds upon an
occasion, one somewhat separated from
the rest was seen to flutter its wings,
then disappear, a great swirl of water
marking the spot; then another bird
disappeared, and the head of a sharp-
nosed fish shot out of the blue water
in the midst of the Sock, which rose
in a body and flew away. The incident
showed that the tables were turned,
and, instead of birds going a-fishing,
■we had fish going a-birding, as be-
neath the flock of little web-footed
sandpipers swam inconceivable num-
bers of sharp-nosed barracudas, which,
attracted by the moving feet of the
birds, dashed upward and carried them
off.
That various kinds of birds fall vic-
tims to the voracity of fishes is well
known. A goose-fish, or angler, was
caught, having in its enormous mouth
a loon, which it was endeavoring to
swallow, and probably would have done
so had it not been caught.
Many tragedies in bird life occur that
are not suspected, especially among the
birds that descend deep into the water
in pursuit of game, as do many of the
loons, divers and penguins. The shark
and fierce orca are pitiless foes to ev-
ery living thing, and many birds leave
the surface never to return. Some fishes
do not rely upon birds that enter the
water, but follow them into the air.
Such an instance •is noticed in an
English stream where swallows were
darting along near the surface. Sud-
denly something dashed out of the
water, and. with a splash, a bird disap-
peared, then came to the surface, flut-
tering to escape, to be seized again.
Ths marauder was a fierce pike that
had been watching the little birds.
Some years ago some sealers were
following their avocation on the rocky-
shore of a Pacific island, when they ob-
served a commotion among the seals.
Running in that direction, they saw
several large killers—a small whale
about as large as a black-fish -attempt-
ing to seize the seals from the rocks.
The big fish-like animals would dash
up the jides of the rocks in their eager-
ness and flounder about upon the kelp,
gradually falling back again—a singu-
lar instance in the struggle for exis-
tence.
FROCS AT MUSKOKA.
A Fprtile-llraiu Gentleman's Munical
Yarn from the Wilds of Canada.
President George R. McKee was in a
talkative mood a night or two ago.
Some one said the frogs had entirely
disappeared from Muskoka lake in
Canada, and after removing the toby
from his mouth, Mr. McKee began, ac-
cording to the New Castle Courant
Guardian: "I remember when I was
at Muskoka with the first fishing party
that ever visited that spot. Why, do
you know that frogs were our prin-
cipal article of diet? We used to get
out in a boat after them, and as true
as I tell you the frogs used to run after
us. It was no uncommon thing for us
to capture forty pounds of frogs' legs
in one evening. They'd bite at the
bare hook. I've seen them there fully
as big as a young pug dog, and we had
a dozen that were selected for the dif-
ference in their tone of voices. 1 was
enabled by the aid of a small stick to
make those frogs sing a kind of a tune.
We had a bass, a double bass, a tenor,
a contralto, and, in fact, every known
voice in that choir. Many's the night
I've been lulled to sleep by the music
from that bullfrog chorus. Why, I
have seen " but he never finished,
for every member of the symposium
had escaped through the back door.
The city of Liverpool is about to
copy Glasgow and take over the whole
of the street railroads. The price to
be paid is aboul $2,803,500.
Totting V Mfii by Mean of Milton oa
the Hank*.
Americans have good grounds for
thinking that they have evolved in the
j system which has been adopted for the
Erie canal the best method of propel-
j ling boats electrically yet known, says
j Ihe Pittsburg Dispatch. In this meth-
od. it will be remembered, the motor
| travels on a cable running along the
] tow-path, ar.*l it Is under the control
of a man •ta.ted upon it. While in ipMd
attained and general efficiency this
mode of canal propulsiou i-> far ahead
of the best European developments,
some experiments in this direction,
which are reported as having taken
place on the Bourgogne canal in Francp
are not without interest. Two meth-
ods were tried, one of which was called
the "rudder motor." The motor was
contained in a light detachable metal
box forming part of the boat's helm,
and working a screw attached to the
shaft, running at about 300 revolutions
a minute. The entire outfit—mounted
complete—weighed about 1,800 pounds.
In the second method there was em-
ployed a three-wheeled electric
motor car running on the bank of
the canal on a fixed track and towing
| the boats along in the usual way by
means of a rope. A motorman was car-
ried on the car, which weighed about
two tons. Current in both cases was
conveyed to the motors from an over-
head wire. Bolli systems gave a speed
of about two and one-half miles an hour
in towing single barges, and the motor
car towed three barges in a string
weighing 418 tons, at a speed of one
and one-fourth miles an hour. In re-
porting on these results a government
commission expressed itself as pleased
with the ready way in which the
barges equipped with the rudder mo-
tors answered their helms, and also
stated that the towing car ran perfect-
ly well on the bank without excessive
strain. On the whole, the preference
was given to the latter method, al-
though the fact that it required the
services of an attendant who would
he of no use on the barge was regard-
ed as a decided disadvantage. No trou-
ble was experienced with the canal
banks from any wash of the rudder
motor, and its use leaves the bank free
for animal traction or other purposes,
but still the tow car, it was concluded,
gave the best results all around.
PAPER OF THE OXFORD BIBLES
Only Three ronton* Wlin Know the
Sei ret of Ha .Making.
The papermaking for Oxford Bibles
is a specially important and interest-
ing part of the work. At Wolvercote, a
mile or two out of Oxford, the univer-
sity has a large mill for the supply of
its own requirements, says Chambers'
Journal. A good deal of the paper they
turn out there is made out of old ships'
fails, the material of which, after bat-
tling with storms in all quarters of the
world, come here for the purpose of
being made into jiaper, printed in al-
most every language under heaven and
bound up into volumes to be again
scattered far and wide into all the ut-
termost ends of the earth. This Wol-
vercote paper mill has much to do with
the great reputation that Oxford ha3
acquired in the production of Bibles
and other devotional books. Twenty
years ago and more the management
here hit on a valuable invention in
papermaking, and ever since their "In-
dia paper" his been the envy and the
puzzle of manufacturers all over the
kingdom. There are said to be only
three persons living who know the se-
cret of its make, and, though the pro-
cess has never been legally protected,
and ail the world is free to imitate the
extremely thin but thoroughly opaque
and wonderfully strong and durable
paper of the best Oxford Bibles if they
only knew how, all the world has, hith-
erto quite failed to do so. It is thin as
tissue, but perfectly opaque, and so
strong that a strip of it three inches
wide has proved to be capable of sus-
taining a quarter of a hundredweight.
Over 1U0 works and editions are now
printed on this paper. This special
advantage has very largely helped Ox-
ford to retain the leading position
which it originally gained by being
nearly the first if not quite the first
printer of books in the kingdom, and
by the prestige of its name.
Overrent In Not \pedcil.
A medical paper says: "If, instead of !
wearing overcoats people would wear }
coats of different thicknesses, accord-
ing to the weather and conditions gen- j
erally, they would avoid the danger of i
cooling by evaporation; the garments
saturated with moisture would be re- '
moved and dry off the body, instead i
of on it. We believe that no consid-
erable proportion of the 'colds,' at- j
tacks of lumbago, and even more for-
midable results of what are popularly
called 'chills' may be traced to the
practice of wearing overcoats."
Teething t HK.
Henry Garrett of Punxsutawny, Pa., j
who will be 88 years of age next May,
has just recovered from an attack of
the grip. Mr. Garrett is getting a new ]
set of teeth. He lost his second set
of teeth some twelve years ago. Re-
cently his gums became sore and swol-
len and he consulted a dentist about it.
The dentist examined his gums and in- [
formed him that he was getting a new
set of teeth.
Pig IIS I>Hy* ( mlcr Snow.
Charles Davis of Cummings. N. D„
who lost several pigs during the snow
storm last Thanksgiving and found
one of them about two months ago, [
now tells a stranger story still. To Ir.s j
own amazement lie found another of j
his pigs which was alive and still lives j
after being buried 112 days. It was j
found only by the IbA^ing of the snow I
a Je<t days aftu.
BECAUSE PROSPERITY HAS NOT
BECUN BEFORE POSSIBLE.
The Keasoim \\ ! y Kuniiirii llat Not IJe-
*l\ed More ICapldly I ntcrent ins ln-
Cervtew with Senator Cullom on
Complaint* About Hnniiieta Condition*.
(Washington Correspondence.)
Incredible as it may appear, there are
apparently some people in the United
States who arc impressed with the cry
which the Democrats are raising that
"the promised prosperity has not
come." It seems difficult to understand
why anybody could expect the business
improvement promised by legislation
to occur before the legislation is had.
but they evidently do. judging from
the reports reaching here.
Reports reaching here indicate a dis-
position on the part of some persons to
join in the complaint which the Dem-
ocrats are fostering by these meaning-
less and absurd statements.
"I can not think it true, however."
said Senator Cullom of Illinois, talk-
j ing on this subject, "that the people
j as a class have any such thought. It
j is to be expected of course that those
j who are opposed to the Republican
| party politically, especially those who
are willing to make any sort of trouble
| for political effect, would put afloat and
| encourage suggestions of this sort. But
| I can not believe that the thinking
[ people, who know that it is impossible
I to enact a tariff law in a single month,
or even In two or three months, are
I making the complaint which the news-
| papers and politicians are charging
them with."
"You do not think It reasonable,
then, to expect prosperity and business
activity until some legislation is had?"
"Not to any considerable degree. Of
course the result of the election last
j fall showed to the country that the
! stability of our currency system is not
to be destroyed. But the same vote
which gave confidence to the business
I public as regards further destruction
of our business conditions showed
them that a restoration of the pros-
I perity which existed under a protective
tariff could not be accomplished with-
j out legislation."
"By the term legislation, you refer
of course to the tariff bill.''
"Yes. That is at least the first step
in legislation promised, and the first
: step necessary to restore business ac-
; tivity."
"The mere promise that such legis-
j lation is to be had you do not con-
sider sufficient to start the factories,
then?"
"No. On the contrary, in many
cases, the knowledge that such legis-
lation is to be had reduces the amount
of work they are able to perform rn-
til the proposed law is actually upon
the statute books. In not a few cases
the effect will be felt still longer, for
wherever an importer sees that rates
of duty are likely to be increased on a
given class of articles lie is rushing
those articles Into the country in en-
ormous quantities. The result is that
the manufacturers are not only unable
to determine what they can do in
prices until they know what the new
tariff law is to actually be when it is
placed upon the statute books, but
they also know that the country is be-
ing flooded with an unusual quantity
of goods at the lower rates."
"The result, then, upon the manu-
facturer must be to reduce his business
activity rather than increase it for the
present?"
"Certainly. This has always been
the effect to a greater or less extent of
tariff legislation. Everybody familiar
with the history of our former tariff
bills will remember that the mere fact
that changes were about to be made in
the tariff law was of itself sufficient to
compel a temporary suspension of man-
ufacturing, or at least to so disarrange
prices and the possibility of making
contracts that business was to a great
extent suspended among that cluss of
citizens. This is especially true when
a tariff is to be changed from a lower
to a higher rate, for not only ia
there uncertainty on the part of the
manufacturer as to what his prices
must 'ie in the future, but there is a
certainty in his mind that the country
is being filled with cheap foreign goods
at the old tariff rates which will be
peddled out in competition with him
for many months."
"It is a fact, then, is it, that very
large quantities of foreign goods are
now being brought in and are likely to
continue to compete with our own
manufacturers for many months yet?"
"Certainly. Anybody who will take
the trouble to examine the customs col-
lections now being made at New York
and Other ports will see that at a
glance. From the day congress mot
and began consideration of the tariff
bill the receipts from customs increased
enormously, doubled, and sometimes
trebled. This means that the quanti-
ty of dutiable good# being brought in
now and for many weeks past is more
than double the ordinary importations
for the same length of time. In addi-
tion to this enormous quantities of
goods now on the free list, but likely
to be transferred to the dutiable list,
are being brought in. but not indicated
in the increrpe in customs receipts. So
when you tske these facts into consid-
eration, anj of us can with a moment's
though , th it the manufacturers can
not make c .ntraclfi to go on with their
manufactu ing enterprises until they
know what the new law is to be and
that even when they do know this they
will be hampered for many monthB by
the enormous quantities of foreign
goods which the importers of this coun-
try and tiie manufacturers and dealers
abroad have forced into the United
States, filling the bonded warehouses,
and causing the opening of new ones
1* every direction. The result is that
it will be months before manufactur-
ers can resume the activity which ex-
isted under the McKinley law. Not
only must they be able to fix definite
rates after they know what the new
law is to be. but they must wait for
some proportion of the enormous flood
of f^ieign made goods now coming in
to disappear. While it was expected
that t'je retrospective clause of the bill
would in time check these importa-
tions, it has not yet done so, because
importers order their goods months
ahead, and the act Is only to apply to
goods ordered after April 1.
"These are things." continued Sena-
tor Cullom, as he resumed his paper,
"which the intelligent people of the
country ought to understand -and thoy
are intelligent; and if they will stop
to think a moment of these facts. 1 am
sure they will understand it."
(1. 11. WILLIAMS.
Onentlon of Sugar Market.
Mr. Henry Wallace ot' Des Moines,
Iowa, delivered an able and instruc-
tive address before a beet sugar con-
vention at New Tim last week. He
puts the question to the farmers in this
way: "Why grow 50 bushels of corn
to the acre and sell it at 20 rents per
bushel, when you can grow from 10 to
20 tons of sugar beets to the acre and
sell it at from $4 to $."> per ton?"
Fifty bushels of corn at 20 cents
aggregates $10; ten tons of beets at $1
aggregates $40- and twenty tons of
beets at $f> would bring $100 per acre
gross. If the possibilities of profit from
beet culture are even as good as the
lowest aggregate named, it would not
takt much to induce our northwestern
farmers to turn from corn and wheat
growing to sugar beet culture. All
the inducement they would need would
be the guarantee of a steady market
for the beets.
Could a steady market be insured if
a large percentage of our farmers were
to engage in beet culture? On this
head Mr. Wallace presents some facts
and figures thai are very striking. He
says there is practically unlimited mar-
ket in this country for sugar. Accord-
ing to official statistics our people have
consumed during the past three years
an average of nearly «>."> pounds of sng.vi-
per head. To supply this demand we
have imported during the last four
years an average of 1,072,613 tons of
sugar, and to pay for this sugar re-
quires about our total export of wheat
and (lour combined. "We pay," says
Mr. Wallace, "from $70,000,000 to $120.-
000,000 a year for our imported sugar,
while our exports of wheat and Hour
combined have been but about $!♦." .000,-
000. St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
Falxe Figures to ltol*ter Free Tra<io.
A very careful and a thoroughly in-
formed writer on financ* has thrown
down a gauntlet which Mr. Worthing-
ton ('. Ford, chief of the bureau of sta-
tistics in the treasury department dur-
ing President Cleveland's term of of-
fice, must pick up, or confess himself
to be discredited. Mr. Ford has stafcxl
officially that the exports of American
manufactures for the calendar year
1S9G amounted to $250,962,505, and
thereupon the Democrats have assert-
ed the Wilson tariff to be the most ben-
eficial of measures, acting directly to-
ward enlargement of our foreign
trade, and, of course, creating a de-
mand for homo labor in the manufac-
ture of the articles exported.
It may be said in passing that if the
free trade statement, "Tariff is a tax
added to the price of the thing npon
whicli duty is paid," be true, then the
wages paid for the manufacture of ar-
ticles of export must be lower than
those paid for articles manufactured
for home use. For such exports must
compete with the "untaxed manufac-
tures" of foreign countries.
But the gentleman who, under the
signature of "Statistic ian," occupied
nearly two columns of the Inter Ocean
of Wednesday, waives all special plea ;
and boldly denies the accuracy of Mr.
Ford's figures, and in great detail sets
forth the name and value of every class
of manufactured exports during 1890,
and finds them to be not $256,962,505,
as officially set forth by Mr. Ford, but
$138,493,637. Inter Ocean.
Tired of i In* Populist Combination.
The Topeka Democrat is a newspa-
per of unimpeachable Democratic reg-
ularity.which put its brains in its pock-
et and faithfully supported Bryan in
the campaign of 1890. This is what
it has to say about the matter now:
Fusion is dead in Kansas. A united
Democracy and no further fusion with
the selfish and arrogant People's par-
ty. The supreme duty of the hour for
Democrats in Kansas is to cut loose
from the festering corpse of the Peo-
ple's party. The ranting Populisr .
with full power to act, have tried their
hand at state government. Does any
sensible man want them back again?
We should profit by experience. The
Democratic party did not win in the
late presidential campaign because it
took too heavy a load at Chicago in
its platform. Capital is proverbially
timid. The business interests of the
country took alarm at the revolution-
ary platform. It was a clear case of
"biting off more than they could chaw."
The result should serve as a warning.
The Populist party is doomed. It will
ncvei command the confidence of the
pec pie. if the Democratic national con-
vention in 1900 shall repeat the blun-
der of 1890, in laying down a platfovm
to catch Populist voted, we believe it
will meet with even a greater disaster
at the polls than it did last November.
What Protection l>i<l for Iii(ln*lr>\
In 1870 the total amount of capital
Invested in manufactures in the Unit-
ed States was $2,118,208,769. In 1890
it was $6,524,475,306. In 1870 the iilb
ber of persons employed in our manu-
facturing industries was 1,939,000. In
1890 it was 4,712,622. In 1870 the wages
paid to employes of this description
amounted to $775,584,343. In 1890 the
wages paid were $2,283,216,529. In 187i>
the value of the products of American
factories was $1,232,325,442. In 18% it
had Increased to $9,372,437,283. These
are merely a few of the salient features
in the progress of the nation under
twenty years of continuous protection.
Here was prosperity which lasted—an
era of widespread industrial develop-
ment, of increasing employment and of
rising wages without precedent in the
history of human affairs.
The Legitimate Fruit. «.r the ChlcaKt.
Pitt form.
In addition to this abandonment of
the vital principle of tariff reform, tli<
convention at Chicago nominated for
president a man who had repeatedly
declared that the free coinage of silver
was the only aim to be considered, and
who in the whole course of his can-
vass either evaded questions about tli*
tariff or absolutely refused to discuss
the subject. The cue was taken by
all the free silver orators and press,
and from first to last nobody heard a
tariff speech or read a tariff editorial.
The subject was tabooed. There was
nothing but silver and abuse of sound
money Democrats.
Four of the five Democratic members
of the House who voted for the Ding-
ley bill are pronounced silverites, and
the Republican silverites and Popu-
lists in the House either voted for the
bill or refused to vote at all. Not
even to this late day has Mr. Bryan
abated one jot or tittle of his cam-
paign position that free silver was the
whole thing.
What impudence it is. then, in Mc-
Millin and other slxteen-to-one-or-bust
enthusiasts to get up now and howl
about the tariff principle which they
deliberately shelved in the national
convention, to gain protectionist allies
with whom they are still cheek by jowL
Memphis Scimiter (Dem.).
No Krai Democratic (lain*.
Mayor-elect Harrison of Chicago
spoils flu' beautiful theory which Dem-
ocratic shriekers were spreading
broadcast that the municipal elections
were a hopeful sign of restoration for
the Democracy. He admits that til'
success was purely upon the question
of municipal reform and that national
questions did not enter into the cam-
paign. Investigation of the conditions
attending Democratic success in other
cities show that this was the case gen-
erally. In not a single one of the
municipal elections did national issues
cut any figure, while in the state elec-
tion of Rhode Island, where national
issues were at the front, the Republi-
cans increased their vote 20 per cent
over that which they gave to Wiliiam
McKinley in 1896.
llcuv,v Weight Clothing That.
Professor Wilson, who is now adding
lo the $75,000 which he has drawn in
salary from the government during the
past few years, by writing articles at
so much per column for the New York
Herald, says in a recent attack upon
the Dingiey bill that the wool tariff
will add more than 25 per cent to the
cost of clothing. By this he means
that about $5 will lie added to the cost
of a suit of clothes. As the rate of
duty named by the bill averages 12
cents per pound, the professor must
calculate that 40 pounds of wool goes
into a suit of clothing. But what bet-
ter can lie expected of a man who
framed such a measure as that now
upon the statute books bearing his
name?
The South Want* Protection.
The experience of the South in the
past few years with the new Industrie.!
developing there, the manufactures aivl
the new demands which they cell out
has strengthened the protective senti-
ment very greatly. Not only has it in-
creased the demand for material for
use in the manufacturing establish-
ments, such as cotton, lumber, iron,
coal, wool and other articles of that
class, but it lias also proved advan-
tageous to the general agricultural in-
terests of that section.
lludriha'tf lliri h place.
Buddha Sakya-Muni's long lost birth-
place was recently stumbled upon ac-
cidentally, according to the Pittsburg
Chronicle, by a government archaeol-
ogical expedition In Nepaul, sent to
explore the country around his Nir-
wana stupa at Konaganinia. By a blun-
der the expedition met the Nepalese
authorities 15 miles from the place to
be explored, near the tahsil of Bhag-
wanpur, in the district of Buraul. While
encamped there a monolith of the em-
peror. Asoka. was noticed standing ten
feet above the ground. On it was a
pilgrim's inscription of Die ninth
century, which led the expedition to
dig around the stones to a depth of
fourteen feet, when an inscription of
the emperor was found. He states that
in the twelfth year of his reign labout
239 B. C.) he had erected this column
on the very spot where Lord Buddah
was born. Eighteen miles northwest ot
the e,,iunin the expedition came upon
great ruins of sttipas, monasteries, and
palaces covered with forest and
stretching for five miles to the Ban-
ganga river, the circumference being
about seven miles. This is the site of
Kapilavastu, the capital of Buddha's
father, and will undoubtedly yield in-
scriptions earlier than those of Asoka.
Excavations will be made there as
soon as the famine which is now af-
flicting Nepaul is over—it is hoped next
winter.
I.aw may surrouno ,.e >■' :!it of prop
erty with ever so many safeguards, but
If personal integrity is not in the com-
munity our deeds and bounds are not
worth the paper they are written on.
—Rev. R. K. Johonnot,
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Ingle, E. P. The Norman Transcript. (Norman, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 08, No. 32, Ed. 1 Friday, May 21, 1897, newspaper, May 21, 1897; (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc137358/m1/3/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.