The Oklahoma State Capital. (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 15, No. 66, Ed. 2 Sunday, July 12, 1903 Page: 3 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Oklahoma Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Gateway to Oklahoma History by the Oklahoma Historical Society.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
THE OKLAHOMA STATE (JfTITAL, SIM)AY MORXTVG, .TT'T.T 1?. ino.1.
1!
V I
DOOC<>OC<>OC>OOOOOOOC'OOOCMDOOO OOOCOCtXK
STORY OF THE
WILMINGTON
>
< 1 >
SCKNK: A first-clans modern steel
can-* Jail at Wilmington. Del.
OIJTSIDB: A mob.
INSIDE: A negro rape (lend.
PI .AN OF DICFEN8E; Passlrs resis-
tance of steel doora.
TIME REQUIRED TO CUT THROUGH:
Two and oik- half hours.
(New York Sun.)
Without any distinct leader to direct,
tnen of different trad-rt orgiinlaed to bring
their craftsmen's skill and their crafts-
men's toola to bear on an Iron fortreaa
must be carried before the criminal could
be reached. Men at the Woodaale quar-
ries provided themselves with twenty-one
stick* of dynamite to bi« w down the very
wall* of the prison, provided an entrance
could not be i-ffeuted in any other way.
The holler workers of the Pennsylvania
railroad shops on Monday sharpened up
their cold chls< Is and selected toola that
would be neccasary in cutting and smash-
ing through the steel and oaken doora
that were between the front porch of
the prison and the cell where ihe mur-
derer was confined. The Harlan & Hol-
IIHaworth shipyards' men provided a
heavy weapon used for starting shipa on
the waya when they are launched.
Many men from the trolley cfar service
and the electric lighting pUints equipped
themselves with nippers for cutting tele-
phone and telegraph wlraa and were pre-
pared to tire dynamite charges by electric
currents. If the worst came to the worst.
A man who had served a year's imprison-
ment In the workhouse, and knew all
about Its Inside plan, and how to get to
every nook and corner of It where a
prisoner might be confined, volunteered
and was accepted as a guide.
there and rely upon the passive resistance
of the prison's steel defenses The war-
den and the poltotrofficers chose the latter
course. sud there Is bardly a man in
Dataware today who doea not applaud
their choice.
From that moment all physical resis-
tance. even all protest on the part of
the autnqorltles for the time Uelng ended.
It was not until the mob's skilled work-
men with their cold chlaels had cut away
the fastenings of the first and second
steel doors and had got to the third, which
wa* down at the foot of a short flight of
stairs and l«d Into the dining-room of
the prlaon proper, that a further attempt
was made to stay the rioters' progress
Behind this door Capt, Evans was sta-
tioned wltn the prison hoae, throwing a
powerful stream of water. This he turned
full into the rioter's faces as they surged
up to attack the door, hurling them back
in a heap and for several minutes hold-
ing them In check.
But they soon rallied One of them
sprang through a side door In the pass-
ageway, partly out of the reach of the
h<«e. and from there emptied his revol-
ver, sending Its full complement of bul-
lets whlsalng about the captain's head.
The dull, leaden splashes they made on
the wall and on the Ironwork of the door
will long remain among the scareft of this
memorable night on the Wilmington work-
house. The cantaln, unharmed dropped
hia hose and retired. From that moment
on. until the doomed negro was reduced to
a mere handful of charred bones and fleah,
all semblance of resistance on the part of
anybody representing law and order
mistaken for the murderer aim dragg
way to a horrible death without bei
able to convince anybody of the error.
of these, with a little more pr«
ence of mind than the rest, who direct
the mob where to g".
He is In cell 13." he cried. "In e
on the second gallery "
L t me out. boys," set earned anotti
prisoner, a whlto man, "Let me out a
:i hand In lynching that nigger."
mob was ahtadv at work at the
lock mechanism, which first of all was
smashed so that it was useless. Nothing
. main?.! but to cut through the inch-
thick solid steel bolts, four In number, of
the door.
With redoubled energy now that their
Ictlm wus so nearly within their grasp,
the skilled wieldeis of the sUel-cuttlng
nols fell to their task Their work as it
tands today Is that of adepts. The mas
live steel is out neatly and
piece of chi
of modern prison had been walked through } fury «i
by a mob from street to cell door in lust to bay.
. — - — ■>«'• ***wiiMMfM im..i...iima ifj flu Instant he was ov. ri><1 wered unit
his arma pinioned to his sides in the ylci
i
All this went on during Sunday and nil
dav Monday with hardly an effort at con-
cealment. Everybody In Wilmington who
was even remotely In touch with the great
mass of the people knew perfectly well
what was In the wind.
It was quite ft o'clock before the full
working contingent of the mob was on
the ground and fully unllmbered for ac-
tion. From that moment there was not
an Instant's delay The crowd now
swarmed tip all the little elevations of the
Frlson yard, up the steps and all over the
ront poich.
Chief Black and Capt. Evans and Kane
alone forced their way to the porch, try-
ing to persuade the leaders to desist.
They were treated with good-natured con-
tempt.
There were two men conspicuous at the
front as leaders of operations—a short,
stocky one In a red sweater, and a taller,
thinner one In dark clothes and a derby
hau There was not the slightest attempt
at disguise on their part, or on that of
any body else In the mob. They stood
revealed to all who might see them for
Just who and what they were. The short
man In the red sweater was the more ac-
tive In the onslaught.
"Come, boys," he said to Chief Black
and his two captains, "get to one side;
you are bothering us."
Black. Kane and Evans made n last
desperate stand before the prison door.
They were Ignored. As they refused to
Ket out of the way. the heavy cross-tie
that had been brought up as a battering
ram was lifted up and dashed over their
heads against the double outer doors—
which the officers had closed and locked
behind them.
The cold chisels made comparatively
short woik of the third door, us they had
of the first and second. The steel clasps
of the lock were cut away by toola made
for Just such work and wielded by men
who knew Just how to use them.
To the right, as they flung the battered
steel door open at last, there opened a
narrow, dark tunnel like passage. Down
this the mob plunged on somebody's wild
assertion that the negro was hidden away
down there. As they reached Its depths
somebody in the crowd fired a pistol shot
which, under the low. arched rcof, sounded
like the roar of a cannon.
It was followed by an outbreak of curses
and yfells. Nobody was hurt. Who fired
It or why he did it nobody knew or ci
The n.gio was not there. That was th,}-'
essential.
They came crowding back Into the now
densely packed prison dining-room, which
was then the last fortress they had car
rled. From the moment of the first en
trance at the front door the force of In
vadns was constantly fed from the seem
Ingly exhaustless reservoir of humanity
out of doors.
Meanwhile the pioneers with the cold
chisels and the sledge hammers had brok-
en through the fourth steel door and the
mob was now almost within reach of Its
prey.
The Wilmington workhouse, built in 1890
Is constructed along the latest lines of
prison architecture- The cells are set in
tiers one above another within a vast
steel cage that In turn is set within and at
a distance of several feet from the solid
brick walls of the building.
Access to the open galleries fronting the
rows of cells is through heavy steel doors,
iimmii nrr
four feet high by two .1
wide an l two feet d-ep.
steel closet let Into the
m uI cover, d by a sliding
■ ' j |
ant. had be
little
negn
this
_ , nearly or quite six fee
ul '•managed In Ills madness of
1 squet ae himself and to slide
tfhut 111 front of him.
Th- Instant the panel wa
he shot out of hia ietreut 1
from a c itapult and landed
hand blow with his fist full
and nose of the man with ti.
instantly binearlng his fa«
of b)<
AS BISHOP GLENNON ^
SAW POPE LEO XIII
S % OS *st
Ov<'5oO<K'.X>OCHl'>';C><XH>OrC«MlOO 00<'0000>X>0'>X>OOOODOOC>v<X'J
tho
1c light I ,H
' mouth J
win
ditaat followed until it w*s as crim
-J the garment he more
Almost at the same moment the najr«
ihot out his foot 111 1
^ tleh
_nly through I Inflicted a painful blow on another of his
highest type assailants. It was Just the instinctive
• ' „f the wild beast within Mm driven
two hours and fifteen minutes. Including
delays caused by the reslstunce of the
police and prison officers.
Just how early It was that the miserable
wretch Is cell 13 was roused from the
felling of partial aecurity which the Inpae
of ao much time had begun to give him,
by the first noise from tho mob thf.t was
seeking Ills life, can only be guessed. It
Is not unlikely that the roar of its volet-
before Its actual attack may have pene-
trated even the thick, heavy doors that
shut him in.
If not. the crash of tho cross-tie batter-
ing ram as It beat down the front doors
surely warned him of bin peril. Then fol-
lowed the violent fusillade of pistol and
rlfile shots. Then came th-- steadily ad-
vancing shouts, drawing ever nearer and
nearer as steel door ufter steel door went
down before the onslaught. /
What ecatacy of terror this miserable
creature went thr-.ugh, how many deaths
he died during the Interim of over two
hours that the mob was creeping toward
him—all this Is a study in nightmare
terrors that one shudders to think upon.
Like a caged wihl beast shut in. In Inky
darkness, between those narrow walls of
steel, while hour after hour the noise
drew nearer, the only marvel Is that the
man war. not a stark, raving manic wnen.
at last, the doors of the cell gave way and
10 monster was upon him.
As a matter of fact, not'a trace of him
was to be seen when the two or three
mob leaders who could do so squeezed Into
his narrow cell. HI* bed. with the bed
clothes tossed In wild confusion, was then
empty. It needed but a glance to search
that narrow olean-cut pen of steel. It
was empty, that was all there was to It—
s behind the pllde," shouted some
one In the rear "Shove hack the panel!"
In the rear of each cell in the workhouse
there is a sliding steel panel, which, when
like embrace of several strong men
Hlght th. n and there ended his last effort
at anything like resistance
He w as shoved out Into the cc rrldor and
there held for a mom. tit while the word
was passed along that he had been cap-
tured. The news that the words "We've
got him'' had reached the main body of
the mob came back in the shaps of a
roar, half cheer, half exultant shriek,
which seemed to drive tho unhappy
v.retch Into the very hysteria of terror.
In Incoherent, half-formed sentences he
alternately prayed ahd repeated portions
ot his confession.
i did It! I did It!" ha cried In a rasping,
choking voice that sounded more like tho
cry of some strange wild animal than any -
thing human, "i did It! O Lord, have
mercy upon me! I confess It! <1 Christ,
save my soul! I did It! I confess it!"
Over the crowd In the prison, which
therefore had . rested such mi uproar,
there now fell a curious hush. The noise
by no means ceased, but by contrast with
Its former shouts Its present tons seemed
almost like silence.
Word was passed to clear th* way. that
the man was to be brought out The
o' der was obeyed with marvelous celerity.
With the tall man In dark clothing on one
sl.lo of him and tho sfbeky man In the red
sweater, his face smeared with blood, on
the other the wretsh was moved along,
half supported by each arm. down th<
route that had been traveled upward by
the Invaders to tho front door and out
on tho high prlaon perch.
Here his appearance was greeted by a
sa\age roar. As soon as the noise died
awav a little tho short man shouted:
"Let nobody strike or hurt him. We are
going to take him to the place where he
committed the - time and w" are going 10
burn him alivel"
A LEGAND OF ^
VAST TREASURE
From Texas Stockman.
Col. J. C. "Locomotive" Car, whose
"first courtship In Arkansas" facilitated
his coining to Texas In the early forties,
and whc.se veracity for moral character
and strlst Integrity dates any whero from
eighty to one hundred years past, was a
few lays ago found seated in front of the
Southern hotel In conference with some
old tlmera. The colonel was reading In c
low tone of voice what appeared to be
some kind of data, letters or ancient man-
script pertaining to buried treasure.
skirmish, the guard and train men aeelng
that they were greatly outirimbered by
tho bandits thought to save their treas-
urer by hiding -dumping all Into said
water hole, and. with the empty train, en-
deavor to make their escape; but they
were pursued by the bandits and. save one
all were killed. This one. before reaching
the Rio Grande waa captured by Indians
to whom he told this story, and with
whom he remained. vas kept by the
dlans for a great niary years, in faot to
date of his death. Think of it! For nearly
"Now gentlemen." said the colonel,
"some years ago you remember press pub-
lication of aerial navigators anil of a con-
versation at the time with said old aur-
onaut by parties residing in Uvalde and
Eagle Pass of the finding on Salt Fork
river in western Oklahoma of $2,000,000
burled treasure, etc. Now I have no map
describing the exact location, but doubt-
less you have heard the legend of burled
treasure amounting to several, at least
$2,000,000 or more gold coin and Spanish
pnver dollars being dumped or thrown
into a large and at that time deep water
hole on Pena creek In Dimmit county.
Texas. Said water hole Ls now known as
Brand rock water hole, located on the
old l'residlo road, traveled from San An-
tonio to Presidio, crossing the Rio Grande
at what was known as the Pequaphle
crossing below Eagle Pass."
Your reporter being invited to a soot
with the party. Colonel Locomotive pro-
ceeded as follows:
Gentlemen, the story is this: Way back
yonder in the early part of the ninteenth
century, long before the fall of the Alamo,
it is said that the Spanish government
was transporting on mules at this time a
large sum of money from Presidio to San
Antonio to pay off government troops,
start a bank. etc. That on this occasion
the mule train on which the money wag
packed was extra large, requiring quite
a lot of men and extra guards. This Is
handed-down history, not written; but
orally—that when ;n camp on Pena creek,
near or at said Brand rock wateV hole,
train men and guard were ottacked
W!
a century tin ae reported millions, gold and
silver in sacks, have lain, and doubtless
yet lay. covered In many feat of deep sand
ipqie where In Brand rook w itei hols on
Pena creek In Dimmit county, this state.
"How far. or does any one know, from
said Brand rock water hole was it to
where said train men were killed?" asked
your reporter; to which the colonel
promptly replied:
"Well. I only know this, that an at-
torney of Carrizo Springs. F. Vandervoort
has told me that himself, and probably
one other person, found in the fame coun-
ty quite a lot of petrified human skulls,
also, several ye.irs ago, 1 had a conver-
sation with parties heretofore mentioned
and referred to a.s residing in Uvalde and
Eagle Pass who can. and I am satisfied
will, should you publish this interview,
fttrnish to the nadlng public addltonal
valuable nformaton, doubtless coveting
entire l?gcnd above stated."
"1 am." sold "l.oet motiv. "now con-
ferring by letter with Sheriff Henry W.
Baylor of Uvalde, Capt. Oscar Baker of
Beaumont, ex Sheriff Daw and Cant. Lum
Acres of Eagle Pass, Attorney F vnndet-
voort and Col. Ed. English o' Dimmit
county realtIve to and with reference of
getting additional data, organizing expe-
dition, etc.. looking to our protection when
In possession of said mission*, should we
he successful. Of course we know where
Brand Rock vv ler hole, or P.'and Hock,
now Is. but the fabulous story Rives us
at the time a very long and deep water
hole, and the question Is. whereabouts on
the said water hole— above, below or
by a party of bandits and. after quite a where—where said envoys camped."
It took but
doors down. They flew Inward with
lash, taking tho three brave poliecmen
and a number of the mob in with them In
a sprawling heap upon the floor. All three
policemen were severely battered and
bruised, though none of the rlotera, so
far as they personally knew, had design-
edly struck them.
Then skilled murksmen In the crowd be-
gan filing at the outside electric lights,
and soon the last one was extinguished
and the yard was In darkness.
Behind the main doors of the prison
there is a little mosaic-tiled entry way.
It ls not over ten feet In depth, and brings
up against the heavy steel-barred door
which was the first real line of fortified
defense. Behind this do6r a number of
the prison guards wore lined with drawn
revolvers.
The guards fired over the heads of those
nearest in the vain hope of making a
stampede. A stampede was physically
Impossible. The mass of human belngB
was too compact to be budged.
To the fire of the prison guards there
was an Instant reply from outside. A
dozen shots rang out and bullets smashed
against the uper steel work of the door,
and all about the entrance. The aim of
the mob was also high, designedly so,
no doubt. Yet the bullets whizxed un-
pleasantly near some of the taller heads.
Right here was the crisis of the re-
slstance. Before the defenders there lay
Just two courses open: One was to fire
directly Into that solid mass of human
being" with all that that meant of slaugh
ter and a finale of horror tbat no man
could forcast; the other was to stop right
which are fastened by a,c6mbinatlon lock
There is a box In the wall by each door.
In which Is the mechanlsjn of levers by
which not only the bolts of these doors
but the doora of the cells as well, are
operated.
Once within tho space In which is set
ie vast cage that surrounds the tiers of
cells all that remained between the mob
and the murdered was 011c more door of
steel, the one opening upon the gallery on
which was his cell. Rut which was his
cell? What gallery led to It?
There were three galleries, one above
another. If the doors 97 all three must be
cut before the right one was reached, and
that In the ordinary course of luck was
as likely as not, It meant more long and
tedious work. Already the mob had been |
at Its litsk netfrly two hours.
One of the leaders, when the task was
begun, had boisted that within two hours
and a half they would have the negro.
If they had hit the right door the first )
time he would have made good his predl- |
citlon with a margin of several minutes j
to spare.
But no one knew which corridor was the
right one. They were for a moment In a
dilemma, but relief quickly came.
As might naturally be supposed, all the
prisoners caged wlthlrr their cells were in
a state of violent exerfmont. Among them |
were many negroes, and theae were wild 1
with terror. The nerves of some of them
were so unstrung by the ordeal that even
now. when nearly a week has passed, they
can sleep ohly by snatches, waking up
half crazed with flight, dreaming that !
they hear the savage roar of that mob I
still closo upon them.
Each was In deadly terror lest ho bo
W. M. BRONSON,
..Farm Loans, Insurance, Abstracts-
Only 00mplete abstracts oF (iSe In Logan County,
You pay interest and principwfa. our office.
Oldest and largw insuiance igency in Oklahoma.
■tack Budding,
jtMWMtOUL
GUTHRIE, OKLA.
J.B.
FAIRFIELD.
es-
TRANSFER,
COAL AND
STORAGE
WEST HARRISON AVENUE
PHONE No. 20
I succeed paid thla splendid trlbut< i>
ie I..v: Pope Leo XII1 wus the iitiid
• . aor to the chair of Peter, a seal ot
pire the most historic tho world lias
ir known. In thut long roll many ami-
it names can b« mcalTetl and amongst
moat emliunt will be tho latest oc-
111. l\.pe Leo XUI.
We have not as yet perpectlve enough
know how tmJnenl will bo the plac"
be assigned to liim. hut we are sure he
I rank with the greatest snd the beat.
The features that distinguish his reign
inanv und important, in ;>oint of mini
leign ha* luen onj «>f the longest
cted in 187S, wiille a frull old man. lio
has seen the years of Peter, thereby Re-
futing what some believed to l o f leg-
end Non vldebla annus Petri (Thou
ahult not see the years of Peter *
dvent Into power marked a crisis
n the history of Cathol'j ChrhtenJoin.
i> fourul opposed to the church the
urts, the universities and tho democ-
rti"There wss little open for the faithful
churchman except the penitentiary or the
"Bismarck ruled Europe and Plsmarck'a
ambition and the crowing purpose of his
life was to compter the Cathollo church,
is or> was 'Wir gehen nlcht nach Ca
>ssa (We will not go to Canossa )
"Leo's perseverance and tact aldedin
a just cause and the blessing of heaven,
cteded in a few years hi conquering
conqueror of Europe.
But perhaps u bitter foe to the pa-
pacy lay In the trend of public thought
and the Intellectual life which Leo found
to be completely dominated by a spirit
of materialism anil agnoetislsm. Catholic
philosophy theology completely Ignored
"Leo. In a aeries of masterful encycli-
cals, drew the world thought back again
to the truth of Catholic philosophy and
the necessary place It had In the tleld of
education und Intellectual life. In an-
swer to the cry that the papacy was
«arlly reactionary and aristocratic.
s encyclicals upon tho rights of labor.
and tho value of social democracy placed
him In the fore front of social leaders
and humanitarians.
I had the pleasure of aeelng him In
189(J.| 1 remember still and cannot readily
fcrgct the grand figure ho presented. Bo
admirably portrayed In the tltlo given
him by a newspaper man. I think. "The
white shepherd of Christendom.* Bent
with time and cares, with cheek und
brow and hair blanched by the frosts and
snows of ninety years, he yet showed a
heart and tongue Illumined as it were by
celestial tire.
He exhibited the enthusiasm of youth
and the wisdom of age. The beauty of
spiritual truth, the spirit of tho apostle,
tho aancltlty of tho saint.
He found Homo a conquered city, lie
leaves her the mistress of tho world.'
HOW NEW POPE IS ELECTED.
There are three valid modes of election—
by ballot, by compromise and by ac-
clamation. Election by ballot la the or-
dinary way. Since the thirteenth century
elections have usually been made In this
way with reasonable dispatch. Yet In
times of disturbance the difficulty of ob-
taining th" required two-thirds majority
has protracted the proceedings over a
long p< rlod. In 1790, f£r instance, the con-
clave lasted for six months, and then
resulted in the election of Pius VII.
When Pope Leo XIII was elected tho
flrst sitting of the conclave began on
Tuesdav, Feb. 19, 1878. at 9 o'clock in
the morning, und lasted five hours, the
vote standing: Cardinal Peed, 18 votes;
Cardinal Blllo. 6. and Cardinal Franchl, 5
There were sixty cardinals present, and
the remaining votes were scattered among
various other candidates. The vote was
canceled because one of the cardinals had
through mk'.ake used a s^al with his own
armorial bearings when fastening his bal-
lot. a'he next sitting, the same day, last
ed tlire-- houra and a half, with this re
ault: Cardinal Peccl, 34; Monaco la Val
leta. 9. Parieblanco, 5. and Limeonl, 5
There were fifty-nine present.
Aftei* this vote the cardinal archbishop
of LI. bon arrived and entered the con
clave. He took part In the next ballot
lng, which was held on the following
morning. Feb. 20. It gave this result
Cardinal Peccl. 4 1: Bllio. G; Ta Valleta. 2
Pan«-bianco. 2; Blmeoni 2; Di Canossa. 1
Ferrierl. 1; Martlnelll. 1; Morettl; 1
Schwartzburg 1. This elected Cardinal
Peccl. Of the whole college of cardinals
only three wore absent Cullen of Dublin,
McCloskey of New York and Brossalt
San Marc of France.
Election by cohipromlae Is when all the
candidates agree to intrust tho choice to
a small committee of two or three mem
bers of the whole body.
Election by acclamation, or quasi in
splratlon. Is wlun all the cardinals, with
a sudden and harmonious consent, as
though inspired by divine spirit, proclaim
some person pontiff with one voice and
without any previous canvassing or nego-
tiation whence fraud or insidious sugges-
tion could be surmised. Neither of these
two methods haa been often employed.
Tho usual course Is a ballot, and the de-
tails of the event are carried out In tho
following order:
After the death of a pope the cardlnala
who aro absent are Immediately to be
summoned to the conclave by one of the
secretaries of tho Sacred college, and the
election is to begin on the tenth day after
the death. In whatever city the pope, dies
there It must bo held. Within the ten
ilaya the conclave must be constructed In
the papal palace or In some other suitable
edifice. The largo halls of tho palace aro
so divided by small partitions an to fur-
nish a number of sets of apartments all
opening on a corridor, which are dis-
tributed by lot, two for an ordinary car-
dinal and three for one of higher rank.
Here tho cardinals must remain until
they have elected a pope. On tho tenth
day a solemn mass of the Holy Ghost Is
said In the qatican church. After it tho
cardinals form a procession and proceed
to the conclave, taking up their respect-
ive apartments. For the rest of the day
tho conclave, taking up their re.«ettaa
the conclave Is open; crowds of people
flock in and circulate among the apart-
i menta and corridors, and the ambassa-
dors and delegates of foreign states, be-
sides their personal friends, visit tho car-
dinals for tne last time.
In the evening everyone ls turned out
;cept the cardinals and thoao authorised
to remain with them, and the conclave ls
closed to the outside world. This ls d me
under the superintendence of two gosrd-
dlans of the conclave, one a prelate pre-
violsly appointed by tho Sacred college,
ho is called "tho governor," the other a
y official designated 'the marshal."
Each cardinal is allowed to have two
mtmbera of his household In personal at-
tendance on him, and these are oalled
avists." A number oi other at-
tendants and minor officials—a carpenter,
i iu.1 sou, a scristun. a monk to henr
onfesslon, two barbers, eight or ten por-
tera and messengers and several others—
aro In the common service of tho whole
body of cardinals.
All the entrances to the building are
olosed but one. and thla one is in charge
of officials who are partly prelates and
partly of tho municipality, whoso busl-
n«ss It is to see that, no unauthorized
person shall enter and to exer«i«e a aur-
velllance over tho food brought for the
cardinals, lest any written communica-
tion should be eoneeyed to them by thlf
channel. After three days the supply of
food sent in is restricted. If five days
more elaps-i without an election being
made the rule used to bo that tho cardin-
als should from that time subsist on
nothing but bread, wine and water. But
tills rigor has been somewhat modified
by later ordinanc«s. Each morning and
evening thr cardinals meet In the enanel
and a aecret ballot, by means of voting
papers, is usually Instituted In order to
ascertain whether any candidate hat the
required majority of two-thirds.
A cardinal coming from a distance can
enter tha conclave ift"", the closure, but
only If he claims th« right a.' doing «o
within three days of hl3 drrlval In the
city. Every actual cardinal, even though
h< may He under a sentence nf excom-
munication. has the right to vote, unles.-
he has not yet been admitted to deaaon's
ordars. Even In thla oaae the right of
\ctiruc hud sometlmeg been conferred by
I aienrnm, for- > special papal dispensation. No cardinal,
cenilv appointed howevri. can vote unless ha hue renelved
. Kaia ot St. ; ti. full dignity of hi* rank—that la. tha
ill in Baltimore ; bat. ring and title- and had his mouth
non undoubtedly I "closed" and "opened ' In the oonalatoriea
leaervaflou of hia name "in petto" or
mora reception of Uiw brotta would
give him no right to vote.
•fore tho election begins each oardl-
go«a through tho formality of prov-
lug hia Identity and right to be present
the conclave. The balloting takes | ttioso or huiul
lace in the pcesbltery before the altar. | Adrian IV. thu
are the seats of th*
dlnids, each with a canopv ci green
tfccsu or old%r dat.« and of violet fw
ise crested by tha lata popa. Aa SO Hi
an election has takfen pla-* tlieae
lowered, the canopy of the naw F°P*
rmjlnii k alo ig aloft. Before ca *n car-
dinal l a table with writing mateeiula.
On the gospel aide the cardinal dean has
av.it. followed by tho other* in
.... order of precedence. so that Ihe
senior deacon alia opposite to him on
be oppi site side of tho a't.v In froit
f which Is a largM box for the ballots,
while nt the back la the fireplace,
whetein. after i • '{.conclusive ballot, the
apers are burn-'fl.
The voting papers are sq*uie«d a vd fold-
d down so as to have st each end a
i <led portion, w'fhlii Ihe upper end of
O'l'A Is written the \Mo • % nam*, to b-
p. :,td only under spec'.ti cltcumsiuncea;
n i ir the other, sealed win the soma
• a! is some mot*.« from 8erl: tV* which,
m> a adopted, must be the same at all the
ball is. and serves ordinirily s* the roeii'ia
f ! li illficatlon of the vote In the ni <1
•-? a' ace. which Ie Ie; I opeu atania u.e
name of tho candidate.
When tho vote begin* each cardinal
ances in turn to the nltnr. and u11. :
hort prayor in silence repeats In Latin
the following oath: (
all to witness Christ our Jiord. who
shall be my Judge, thut I am electing him
before God, 1 think ought to be
elected."
When all linvo voted the hsllota are
examined by the acrutatora, three cardi-
nals selected bv lot. who auccesalvely
hand to each other every paper, the last
one placing It on file. Should any can-
didate receive Just two-thirds of the
votes tho upper folded portion of the
ballot papers la opened with the view of
ascertaining that this exact number la
not due to the candidate's own vota. It
being not lawful for a pope M the
a' tual Instrument of hia own election. In
case no one has received two-thirds of
the vote cast a aecond ballot takeg
place in the evening. This time tho cardl
nals vote only for those who were
named In tho first ballot. Those who
persist In the morning's choice Insert
words "Nemlnl" (To no one") whilt
tho cardlnala who wish to change their
votes write the words "Accedo Domino
Sardinall " ("I go over to Lord Cardi-
nal
In practice thla p*rt of the system cor
responds with that at our own state and
country conventions, whero the delegates
sometimes change their votes In favor
of such candidates ns they find have a
fair iroapect of receiving the reqjislte
majority Should both ballots fall at the
Fiapal election In producing the requl--
te majority, then th ballot papers are
burned. Thla has given rise to a curl
ous custom. Tho pip* of the stove )p
hlch the papers are burned go>a out
through a window to the open air, a r%l
Its extremity is visible to the crowds wl
assemble on such occasions In the Mar
of St. Peter's to watch for the 'sfum-
ata" I. e the thin column of blue smok*
telling that a vote has been taken. A
anon as the result Is reached the doors of
this conclnve are thrown open and a car
dlnal. preceded by a crosa bearer, comes
out and announces th« choice of the car-
dinals If the new pope be present he is
soon after carried out. clad In the snow
white robe* of his office and blesses th
arsembled multitude.
The Insignia of the pope era the
straight crosier--the absence
curved head -howlne thnt his spiritual
Jurisdiction Is not limited— the pallium,
which he wears constantlv. and the t1-*rn
or trlpple crown. The pallium Is a hind of
whit" wool, worn on the shoulders, with
four purple crosses worked on It It Is
n token that the wearer possesses the
fullrwsf of the Fnlscopnl nfflc" The tlam
ton and surrounded by throe crowns. This
top and surrounded by three crows. Thlr
l« the svmbol of sovereignty At cerem
onles of a purelv spiritual charncter the
pope wears a bishop's mitre, not the tiara.
The tiara Is placed on his head at bis
coronation bv the second cardinal dea
can In the loggia of St. Peter's with theee
* "Vtecelvo the tiara adorned with three
crowns, and know that thou nre father
of nrfneee and kings, ruler of tho world,
vicar of our Savior Jesus Christ.'
self as "Servant of the servants of Qod.**
The word "pope" cumm from tiu Greek
peppas (faUuir> and wm eiigtnsU/ up
piiru to ecciessluetics generally lu ihn
wintern chureh It wan gradually limited
to th bishop of Koine, und In this re -
strictad sense U now uand ail over the
World Seventy of the popes have be*n
chotfcu from thu relivUm* orders. Th**
Menedlctiiiwa have had thirty; tho Doml-
uicluns, four; tho Carthusians and Car>
mrlites, two each, and the rwst from tho
PranoUcana, AugusUuians and oilier or-
ders.
There have been 193 Italians In the
ch-iir .>f St. Pet*>r, 14 <.>re<jke, 14 French-
m«n 7 Byrlam, 6 dwrnmas, 4 Bavarian*.
4 tip* riiuMi*, > Africans. 2 Sardinian*, t
Dalmn ftoni ; Kurgundlens. t Saxona, 1
Thraduu. 1 Iirlglan and 1 Eugllahman
i Adraln IV., 11-54-1161*.> The nationality
t>f the others cannot bo deturmlued.
Many of the pontiff* were members of
royal or noble families Still, the list of
tlioso of humble origin ls a long otiOj
Englishman, was the
He is addressed as "Your 1. .
Holy Father." and he speaks of nim-|not a right.
woman who supported herself by
the alma wrhlch she moelved at the door
of her paroobiai church.
Youth has been no bar to the papacy
Alexander 1 was bardly cut of boyhood
When he was elevated to the tl#ra Pope
John 11 was only twenty yearn old; In-
nocent III was thirty; Gregory n thirty-
five, Poniface IX thirty; Leo X thirty.
Gregory II died a few hours after his
election. Stephen II reigned only thr *«
. . Urban VII for twelve days; Boni-
face VI for fifteen and those who rlid not
fill out a year aro too numerous to men
tlon. It Is a singular coincidence that a
ber have also died in tho year or
month of their pontificate corresponding
with the number attached to their name*.
The Romans have a proverb that says
"The cardinal who enters the conclave
as pope comes out of It a cardinal." it
H a hit at the sura-thing candidates and
often has proved true. The word "con
lave" stand for the place where tlje
jardlnals assemble for tho election and
for the assembly Itself. If the > lgn of
pope extends for any considerable
rlod he can by tho opportunith a given
him in the creation of th* members of
the sacred cohere do much toward In-
dicating the quality of the man he wishes
to have succeed him. Leo XUI had many
his creations. Those five, who
received their hats from Pius IX. are
Cardinals Oreglia, Ledochu\Q';>. P:t-
roechl. Canossa and Alertel The latter,
who Is tho senior cardinal ls >3 years or
a^e He was the minister of commerce
under Plus IX for the papal states. He
Is not a priest and Is the only member of
the aollege who it not. He ls slightly
lame.
There are two American citizens among
the cardinals, Gibbons and Mazella. The
latter waa naturalized during his resi-
dence here as a professor In Ihe House
of Studies of the Jesultes at Frederick.
Md., long before he was made a car-
dinal. Tho nationalities are divided as
follows: 32 Italians. 7 French, 5 Austrian,
German, S Spanish, 1 Portuguese, 3
English 1 American. I Polish. 1
Belgian. It Is not probable, therefore,
that the luecessful candidate will come
this time from among the non-Italinn
cardinals. The English speaking cardi-
nals aie Vaughan of England, Louge of
Ireland. Moran of Australia and Gibbons
of tho United States. Since the twelfth
century to the present there have in all
bean forty-four English speaking car-
dinals created.
In the early ages the bishop of Rome
was chosen like other bishops, by the
clergy and people, with the assent of tho
neighboring bishops. The person thus
elected was consecrated bishop of Ostla.
The Christian emporers MBMd doubt-
ful elections. After Justinian recovered
Italy tho election of a new pope waa an-
nounced by the Exareh of Ravenna and
eonfirmed by the Byzantine emporers.
From the eighth century downward
the influence of the Eastern empire over
Italy declined, and the papal elections
vf ro distributed by factions In Home until
the Roman emporers began once again to
exert their influence. The first German
pope. Gregory V. was nominated by Im-
perial favor and four German bishops
were made successive popes by Henrv
III. In 1069 Nicholas II decreed thai
thereafter the cardinal bishops were to
elect the pope, with the aproval of the
clergy and people. Gradually the In-
fluence of Rome'a emperors fell off. anil
the election was left In the hands of the
cardinals alone, no distinction being made,
as to their rank In the racred college.
In the general council of the Lateran. In
1179, It was decreed that tho election
should thenceforward be madu by the
curdlnals only, and that the successful
candidates should have a two-thirds ma-
jority of the votes. In the event of all
the cardinals being dead, one contention
Is thnt the right of election would pass
to the canons of St. John Lateran; an-
other thnt It belongs to tho partrlarchs,
and a third would have it rest with a
funeral council. The cardinals are not
iound to choose one of their own body.
A layman even could be named, provided
ho agreed to receive orders before his
offlc'al Installation. Austria, France and
Spain have been allowed to exercise a
veto over any single candidate if tho
objection were announced before the elec-
tion was made. This, however, was con-
Space too Small to Tell It AH
CHINA WARg
«AT—
Less Than Cost
"We say it tearfully, but it's true.
toller.
THE CAPITOL NATIONAL BANK,
Of Guthrie, Oklahoma.
UNITED STATES DEPOSITOSY.
Offers to depositors, both largo and small, every
courtesy which their balanoes and responsibility
warrant. Wo are especially equipped for the
handling of outside Bank Accounts. Correspond-
unue uulioited.
CAPITAL and PROFITS
$ 1 2S.OOO.
DEPOSITS
OVER ONE MILLION.
C, B. Biuim ^sv, Frest. ft. ft Baioos, Ast. Cash. O. A. Nslsow,
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Greer, Frank H. The Oklahoma State Capital. (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 15, No. 66, Ed. 2 Sunday, July 12, 1903, newspaper, July 12, 1903; Guthrie, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc125138/m1/3/: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.