The Collinsville News. (Collinsville, Okla.), Vol. 13, No. 20, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 12, 1911 Page: 3 of 10
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Work or the Men
in the Stokehold
FRUIT STORAGE HOUSES FOUND A REMARKABLE
TO BE OF GREAT CONVENIENCE pyfj QYSPEPSIA
Mail Dispatched by Aviator Carriers
WASHINGTON, D. C.—Not to be out-
fV done by the British postal authori-
ties in the carrying of mails through
the air, the latest method of letter
transportation, Postmaster General
Hitchcock gave his consent to the
establishment of an experimental aero-
plane mail route between one of the
outlying branches of the Brooklyn, N.
Y., postoffice and the aerodrome at
Nassau boulevard, Long Island, dur-
ing the international aviation meet
held there.
Aviators and their employes who
■were stationed on the Held through-
out the meet were able thereby to re-
ceive their mall almost as quickly as
though they were i?i one of the large
cities. A special postal station was
established at the aavlation field and
a temporary postmaster appointed by
the department to conduct the busi-
ness of receiving and dispatching
mails and selling postage stamps. Dur-
ing the time of the meet officials of
the postoffice department will watch
with close interest tho experiments
of carrying mall by aeroplanes.
This is not the first instance in
which United States mails have been
officially authorized to be carried by
aeroplanes. In November of last year
Postmaster Geueral Hitchcock formal-
ly approved arrangements for the car-
rying of a pouch of mail from the
trans-Atlantic steamer Kaiserin Au-
guste Victoria, outbound to Europe,
back to New York city while the ves-
sel was off t^ie Long Island coast
Aviator .7. A. D. McCurdy was to have
attempted this first official aerial
transmission of mails, but because of
stormy weather the attempt was not
made.
The first successful areoplane letter
route was that opened recently by
the British postal administration,
which began a series of experiments
in the carrying of mails by aeroplane
from Hendon, England, to Windsor
Castle, a distance of almost twenty
miles. Four aviators with two bi-
planes and two monoplanes were en-
gaged in the work and about one
hundred thousand letters constituted
the first delivery. These experiments
have been watched with considerable
interest by the United States postof-
flee authorities, who are of the opin-
ion that the day when letters will be
forwarded from city to city by airships
is not far distant.
Peace Reigning Among Chinese Tongs
A CCORDING to Washington officials,
A for eight months not a shot has
been fired and not a knife fiasbed by
a member of any of the Chinese so-
cieties, or tongs, in the United States.
There is a truce among these feudists
who have for years spread terror
among the Chinese districts of the
large cities. Since the week of the
Chinese peace banquet in New York,
where Chiao Chung-tan, first secretary
of the Chinese legation in Washing-
ton, expounded his peace doctrine
there has been no tong war.
Mr. Chiao, before coming to this
country, was a schoolmaster in an ob-
scure district in China. He has been
with the legation a little more than
a year. He speaks no English when
he can avoid ft. He has been studying
the language, but has made little prog-
ress. Although an aristocrat by birth
and education, he is distinctly a man
of the people, and his hold on all
classes is little short of wonderful.
Mr. Chiao attended the peace ban-
quet in New York as the special emis-
sary of the emperor. At that time the
agitation in favor of cutting off the
queue was at its height in China. Mr.
Chiao favored the adoption of western
dress and mode of living, particularly
in this country, believing that it would
Keeping of Apples Js One of Important Economic Factors
Concerned In Disposition of Cvason's Product.
There are Many Advantages In Stor-
ing Them on the Farm.
WHff* O/l ft/CFlACfO COM
weaken the hold of secret societies on
the Celestian mind.
In his hddress Mr. Chiao urged his
views on the banqueters, and at the
conclusion of his remarks one of the
leaders came forward with a pair of
shears and requested him to cut off
the ‘•pig-tail." Mr. Chiao complied,
and before the evening was over, he
had amputated about 50 of the queues,
each man carrying his switch away
with him.
The tong wars in this country, more
than anything else, have been respon-
sible for the hostile legislation in this
country. From the legation in Wash-
ington, men have been sent to the va
rious tong headquarters, while special
representatives of the Chinese govern-
ment have been sent out for confer-
ences with tong leaders. But they ef-
fected little Then the Chinese gov-
ernment assigned the former school-
master to the task of peacemaker.
Uncle Sam Has Glut of Gold on Hand
SUPPOSING you had a billion dollars
a) in gold in a vault. Well, If you did
you weuld be as rich as your Uncle
Samuel, and you would feel satisfied
If your wife paid more than $1.98 for
a new “lid" and bought more than
one each season. And you probably
would feel just as secure as Sam, for
he feels that he is not going to “go
broke” for at least twenty years.
Your governmental uncle has a bil-
lion dollars in gold stored away, and
he Is buying gold at the rate of about
$120,000,000 a year, on the average, so
that, at the end of twenty years for
which he feels assured of having all
the coin he needs, he should have at
least $3,400,000,000 in gold on hand,
subject to your call. He feels com-
placent over the outlook.
George Roberts says the govern-
ment has a thousand million gold
coins in its vaults, and George Rob-
erts knows because he saw ’em count-
ed. He says its enough to last us
for a generation and he and Uncle
Sam are not going to make any more
gold coins until tbs twenty years are
up and the pretty new gold coins are
so badly used up that it will be time
to call them- in and send them to the
melting pot
That’s the reason, also, why the
mints of the country were closed in
some instances and in others restrict-
ed to the making of pennies and the
smaller coins. The new policy of the
government Issuing certificates
against the bullion in the mint instead
of making the money out of the gold
has saved the government $100,000,
according to Director of the Mint Rob-
erts, and one of the reasons for this
is that the people prefer the paper
money for actual use and for circu-
lation.
“We have enough gold coins now
for a generation to come,” said Direc-
tor Roberts. “When there is any con-
siderable demand on the treasury it Is
always for foreign exports, and the
bullion is always preferred to the coin
for this purpose."
New Ships Veritable Floating Forts
•HE sister dreadnaughts, Florida and
1 Utah, the mightiest warships in
the American navy, will soon be in
fighting trim, according to the calcu-
lations or the naval experts. The
Utah. JUBt placed in commission, will
shortlv enter the docks of the New
York navy yard to receive her finish-
ing touches. This work involves the
installation of conning towers and the
sights of her guns. As much secrecy
surrounds these devices, they are in-
variably constructed at a government
yard instead of in a plant of a private
builder. The Florida is already in
commission and will be ready for ac-
tive service simultaneously with the
^ These two floating fortresses will be
attached to the first division of the At-
lantic fleet, the Florida becoming the
regular flagship of the division and(
the Utah occupying that signal rela
tion whenever her sister goes to dock
for overhauling. Capt-. Harry 8. Knapp
will command the Florida and Capt.
Henry S. ta-nson the Utah. Greater
In every rvsoect, size, armor and ar-
mament, Lie Florida and Utah will
wrest from the Delaware and North
Dakota the honor of being the most
powerful war vessels afloat
The displacement of the two new
dreadnaughts is 21,825 tons each. Ten
12-inch guns distributed in five tur-
ret* and 16 five-inch rifles constitute
the main batteries. The hulls are
belted with armor ranging from 9 to
11 Inches in thickness, while steel
walla, a full foot through, protect the
turrets. The ships are 521 feet long
and are equipped with turbine engines,
generating 28.000 horsepower, which
It Is expected will drive them at a
speed greater than the 20.7$ knots re-
quired by the navy department's speci-
fications. Each of these castles of the
sea will be manned by a craw of 60
officers and 888 men.
HOSE who win victories at sea
really owe them to the arms of
the stokers. The stoker is a
soldier who fights every day;
he has to be ceaselessly watch-
ing and on the alert; he is the only
witness of his obstinate heroism.
The hardest time for a furnace gang
Is during a torpedo destroyer trial a
l’outrauce. Belore a vessel is admit-
ted for service it is forced to submit
to a series of engagements that are
called trials and that are particularly
laborious. In these trials of “full
force” or “to the death” the boilers
and engines have a more merciless
time than they would undergo in nor-
mal service.
it is a spectacle well worth the trou-
ble to watch a- furnace gqng during
one of these trials. One must descend
backward by the narrow trap which
opens on the bridge and go down the
quarter deck ladder, which penetrates
swiftly below. Then one is in the
stokehold.
Besides the chief of the gang there
are eight men. When every one is be-
low it seems at first that there is no
room to move, so narrow is the space;
before and behind the two furnaces
limit it; between them are two pumps,
the quarter deck ladder, the ventila-
tor and all the apparatus of pipes, le-
vers, chains and implements. But it
is nevertheless true that these men
supply a great need. All the appar-
ently incongruous apparatus which
surrounds them forms a whole so har-
monious that no one part can be out
of order without upsetting the rest.
The pumps force cold water back into
the boilers; this circulates in a clus-
ter of innumerable pipes—thousands
encircle the boiler—licked all over by
the flames. All these pipes open into
a great cylindrical reservoir, the chest
or storehouse for steam. From the
reservoir comes the system of pipes
which conduct the steam beyond the
boiler to the engines; in the engines
the steam parts with its energy and is
transformed anew into water in the
condenser so that the pumps can take
It again, and then again commences
without cessation the same cycle.
Some cylinders containing several
tons of water constitute a reserve
which is only used to repair the
wastage.
Imprisoned by SheetJIron.
At the command of the chief the
sheetiron door is closed and the stoke-
hold Is henceforth isolated; it is a
prison completely shut in by sheet-
iron. The ventilator drives in large
waves of air which it sucks in from
without, air which cannot escape until
it has passed the grating where the
coal is burning.
The flames from the furnaces unex-
pectedly throw out burning splinters,
the boilers rumble and vibrate as if
possessed with a desire to revolt. Be-
hind their black and closed fronts, at
the edges of the doors, at almost im-
perceptible chinks, the fire shows It-
self in lines of lightning or in lumi-
nous spots; the water and the cinders
below resemble a stream of lava varie-
gated by gold.
If the pumps drive back the water
regularly, if the fresh water replaces
exactly and without cessation the
wastage in steam, no part of the sheet-
iron or the mass of tubes can get red
hot, and every one feels secure. But
it is necessary that nothing gets out of
gear in all this complex assembling
of boilers, pipes, engines, condensers
and pumps. Unfortunately, water is
capricious. Sometimes, without ap-
parent cause, when everything seems
in order, it slowly lowers below the
water level. Immediately this la ob-
served the men work the regulating
taps, the pumps are driven with more
force to try and accelerate the pace,
and all the time the fire is devouring
tons of coal, and still tile water gets
steadily lower. Sometimes the cause
of the mischief Is a leakage—a pipe Is
broken in some innermost recess by
the vibrations or a joint is strained bit
by bit. and the water leaks out. After
some minutes the water, thd faithful
ally against fire, only appears in the
level when the ship rolls. Every one
watches it furtively. This is the mo-
ment when a panic must be averted,
for that always means a savage rush
for the foot of the ladder, fierce fight-
ing to try and mount it, and when
the trap is open Inevitably the tire
rushes out and burns everything.
Coolness In Face of Danger.
The chief knows what he is sup-
posed to do In such cases; he never
goes Into the stokehold without re-
peating to himself his lesson; almost
without any effort of will his brain
responds to the emergency and tells
him what he must accomplish. At the
pace at which the vessel is going
about seven liter of water leave the
boiler in vapor form every second.
About two minutes would elapse be-
fore the reserves of vapor and the top
of the pipes would be empty. After
this there would be also another cou-
ple of minutes before the pipes would
commence to get red hot, then one of
them would burst, and the jet of steam
it would produce would drive tha
flames everywhere. The pipes would
burst at the precise moment when the
door of the furnace was opened, be-
cause the fresh air of the ventilator
would pass by and strike it.
The chief immediately orders the
men to cease replenishing the fur-
naces; he then waits for one of the
two precious minutes, and if no
change takes place he orders the fire
to be raked out. In front of the wide
open furnace, literally advancing to
death if a pipe should crack, a stoker
must loosen the hook, rake out some of
the glowing coal, strive to reach the
bars of the grate, force out some of
them and then by means of the space
thus made hastily rake the blazing
mass of cinders into the water. If he
has not the time and the explosion
takes place the chief throws the ven-
tilator wide open at the risk of mak-
ing the splinters fly in order to drive
back the fire and steam. Then if there
is still time he throws himself flat on
his stomach like the others, his head
under a sack, a handkerchief between
hlB teeth because of the steam that
burns the lungs, and then he waits.
The danger that they await is of a
kind that rarely comes tp the lives of
most people. Unhappily too often the
end is tragic.
Various experiments with oil as fuel
have been tried In the navies of the
world, with excellent results, and there
seems more than a probability that oil
will take the place of coal in the war
vessels of the not very distant ruture.
Owners of merchantmen have been
somewhat chary of making a change
hitherto, arguing that with vessels
trading in all the known waters it
might be exceedingly difficult at times
to replenish the oil tanks, whereas coal
can be obtained with comparative
ease. Now there has been built a
cargo-steamer capable of burning
either oil or coal. The stokehold of
this ship as it is when liquid fuel is in
use is above illustrated. The oil Is
forced Into the furnace in the shape of
a conical spray, through a pipe, and
bursts into flame about six inches
from the nozzle. One or two hands
are all that are necessary to regulate
the flow of oil to the furnaces.
*By PROF. I.. C. I’OltUFTT. United
States Department uf Agriculture.)
The immense quantity of apples an-
nually produced cannot be immediate-
ly consumed. In fact, largo quantities
of fruit can only be profitably handled
through a long period, ns the markets
demand a continuous supply. Fortu-
nately, most of our best varieties can
bo kept for u considerable period un-
der favorable conditions. The storage
of apples is. therefore, one of the im-
portant economic factors concerned In
the disposition of each season's prod
uct.
The question is, shall fruit be stored
on the farm or In the city, for stored
it must be. The answer to this ques-
tion will depend upon whether the
producer or tho middleman is to hold
the fruit. If the producer, It may be
Bafely said he had best store it on the
farm; If the middleman, he will natu-
rally store it In or near tho city. There
are two sides to this question, but l
believe that where the producer is to
hold the fruit, It will be best to have
the storage house on the form. The
advantages of storing on the farm are'
1. The fruit can be picked, barreled
nud immediately stored; 2, the grad-
ing can be done leisurely and at less
cost during the storage period, or us
the fruit is withdrawn for shipment;
3, with natural ice at one’s disposal
apples can be as economically stored
on the farm as in the city; 4, it some-
times happens that the fruit when
placed in commercial warehouses Is
in the wrong city. The cost of with-
drawing and shipping to another city
will seldom be justified, but If the fruit
Is on the farm it can be placed in
the best market.
There are some drawbacks to the
farm storage idea, chief among which
is the time required to transport the
product from the farm to the mar-
ket. Second, there will be seasons
when the weather Is too severe to per-
mit the safe withdrawal and transpor-
tation of the fruit from farm storages.
It is doubtful if these objections are
very serious, but they must be given
due consideration In deciding the stor-
age question.
What type of house shall be used for
storing fruit on the farm? in north-
ern localities, where long,, cold periods
occur, cellars are used with good re-
sults. These are provided with ar-
struerted buildings are provided with
Inside linings of matched boards to
provide better Insulation and are
equipped with ice chambers in which
to store ice to lower the temperature
below or between tho ice bunkers.
Sometimes these bouses are really ice-
houses above and fruit storage houses
below. In other cases ice bunkers
L> arranged above the lower story
and between tho bunkers is used for
Iruit storage. When the upper story
of the building is an lee storage, it is
filled with tee during the lee harvest-
ing period. The construction is such
as to preserve the lee and still main-
tain a circulation of air around tha
lee and through the Btorago room.
Houses of this type are expensive to
Munyon’s Stomach Treatment
Performing Miracles.
MUNYON TELLS YOU
HOW TO GET WELL
FREE OF CHARGE
'P
\
BUNKER
STORAGE
UUNIVLH ' 0 ^
51^
STORAGE
STORAGE
INSULATED 0UT51OC
|
111 ICE BUNKER FLOOR,
1!!l
STORAGE BETWEEN BUNKERS
•
1 ICC BUNKER WITH SLAT/LOOR
|
0
Fig. 1—Upper Story of Fruit House.
rangements for admitting cold air
through underground openings to low-
er the temperature at harvest time.
The air is taken in at night and the
store kept closed as much as possible
during the day. The intake pipeB are
provided with dampers or lids, as are
also the ventilators, which are ar-
ranged for carrying oft the warm air.
This is the simplest form of storage,
but it cannot be said to be the best,
although It has proved exceedingly
profitable in many localities. In other
sections brick and stone warehouses
are constructed above ground and suc-
cessfully used for storing apples from
October until April. These houses can
be successfully employed only with the
best keeping sorts.
By other growers similarly con-
r,g. a
Fig. 2—Section of Fruit House.
build, for they need to be as perfectly
insulated as houses equipped with arti-
ficial refrigeration. Houses where (he
ice Is placed in bunkers for cooling
the sloruge are more satisfactory, it
thoroughly insulated, but they do not
need to be as well built as ice storage
and fruit storage houses combined.
The ice for use in the bunkers can be
stored in an inexpensive structure and
preserved by being packed with saw-
dust.
These types of houses are all adapt-
ed to sections where cold winters pre-
vail and where natural ice can be har-
vested. A section of a combined Ice
and storage house Is shown in Fig. 1,
and the plan for a house with ice
bunkers In Fig. 2, A and B. In con-
structing such houses the number of
barrels to be stored should be multi-
plied by nine to get the number of
cubic feet necessary to construct a
room with inside measurements 30x30
xlO to accommodate 1,000 barrels. All
the above described houses have been
employed for fruit storage, but the
plan shown In Fig. 2, or one modified
so as to have one Ice bunker through
the second story, Is believed to be
most practicable. This house is not
an Ice storage, as the Ice is not placed
in the bunkers until required to lower
the temperature of the storage.
These buildingB are always provided
with means for taking advantage of
normal cold during frosty nights and,
therefore, require only sufficient Ice to
cool the building during the spring,
the Ice meantime being stored and
held in Icehouses bdllt for the pur-
pose.
Squirrel Destroys Moth,
It Is reported that the red squirrel
destroys the nest of the brown-tailed
moth. This discovery was first mads
at Brunswick, Me., and experts are
Investigating the matter.
"A few day* ego I received s letter
frmn a young man, who state* he Is 21
years of age, and has occupied several
Important positions, but owing to indi-
gestion anil Inability to sleep he hoe been
unahlo to concentrate his mind upon his
work and has consequently been dis-
charged on tho ground of neglect of duty,
lie goes on to say that he Is a young
man of steady habits, but for years he
lms suffered from dyspepsia, which has
so affected his nerves that he ts unabla
to Bleep, and that it is not neglect upon
his part, nor lack of Interest In the busi-
ness, but simply physical weakness. H*
asks my advice In this matter.
“For the benefit of s large number of
those similarly situated I propose to
answer this letter publicly, hoping that
it may be the means of helping many
who may be affected in this way.
“In the first place, the stomach must
be made well before the nerve* esn be
made strong. The nerves must be made
strong before one can Bleep well. No
one Is capable of doing his best who la in
sny way troubled with Insomnia or any
form of nervousness. The greatest gen-
erals have been men of Iron nerve and
Indomitable will. They have had perfea»
digestion, being able to eat well, and di-
gest all they ate.
“It Is ealtl that Napoleon lost the bat-
tle of Waterloo because of a fit of indi-
gestion. Grant’s enormous reserve power
was due to a well stomach. Abraham
Lincoln said that ’he did not know that
he had a stomneh.’ Grover Cleveland, it
I* said, could work IS hours a day, eat
a hearty meal at 2 or 8 o'clock In the
morning, go to bed and sleep soundly un-
til 9 o'clock and get up refreshed, ready
for a new day’s work.
“Pres. Taft la another type of healthy
manhood. Who thinks for one moment
that he would be the President of th#
United States today had lie been a dy-
speptic or affected with some nervous
ailment? I claim that two-thirds of all
tho failures In professional and business
life are due to weak and deranged atom-
* ‘‘No business house would care to em-
ploy a dyapeptlc representative to sell
goods for them on the road. One-half
the men who stand behind counters to-
day, earning from $12 to $15 a week, wrill
never get beyond these figures, for the
reason that they are physically weak.
They lnek the nerve power and com-
manding strength that com# from s good,
stomach.
a dyspeptic
he may
Liquid Manure.
Don’t apply liquid manure when the
soil Is dry. If the soil is dry and you
do not wish to wait until it rains,
soak the soil with water, and then ap-
ply the liquid manure.
PURE BRED SIRES NECESSARY
■omul______.... .
"No one cares to near
>reacher. No matter how pious
>e, he Is bound to reflect his bilious and
aundlced condition. He will unconsckms-
y Inoculate his hearers with his melan-
choly feelings. . „ A
"No one would think of entruatthjr an
Important legal caae In the hands or a
dyspeptic lawyer, any more than n#
would care to entrust hli own life, or
that of a dear one. In the hands of a phy-
sician who In nervou*. Irritable or a dy-
■peptlo. Men must have good digestion,
strong nerves and vital manhood In or-
der to render a clean, clear-cut decision
either In medicine, law or buelnM*. .«
"I believe that more than half of th#
divorcee can be traced to 111 health. X
want every dyspeptic to try my storriMli
treatment, for It corrects nearly all fonn#
of Indigestion and nervousness. It make#
old stomachs almost a* good ae new. It#
marvelous power for digesting food ana
getting the beet out of It makes for good
rich, red Mood. This, in turn, strength-
ens the nerves, builds up the general sys-
tem. and will surely prolong life and
make it s pleasure to llv* and do tho
thing* allotted to us.” __‘
Professor Munyon makes no charge r#r
consultation or medical advice :notapen-
ny to pay. Address Prof. J. M. Munyon-
Runyon’s Laboratories, Fifty-third and
Jefferson streets. Philadelphia, Ps.
Degenerated.
Kid McCoy, the hero of 125 battled,
is to open a sanitarium at Stamford.
He said the other day to a New York
reporter:
“I hope in my sanitarium to restore
lots of grumpy middle-aged people to
perfect health, and If I give them back
perfect health I’ll glr* them back
youth and gayety and romance. If mid-
dle age Is stupid, If middle age Is pro-
sale, It la only became the health of
middle age Is poor.
•‘The woman." he continued, “who
sends her grumpy mate to my estab-
lishment will no longer hare to mako
the hitter complaint of Mrs. Blank.
’■ ‘My husband, 15 years ago,’ said
Mrs. Blank, ’used to kiss me every
time we passed through a tunnel. But
now—'
“She gave a bitter laugh.
•' ’Now.’ she said, ’he takes a long
pull at his traveling flask.’ ’*
The sires should be pure bred of s
recognized breed of draft animals. He
may be a little shorter and more com-
pact than the mare, otherwise the de-
scription I have given of the mares ap-
plies to the stallion also. Do not breed
the largest horse, but select the best
one. Do not cross-breed if you can
help it, especially do not mix the
breeds indiscriminately.
Having selected a sire of a certain
type, stick to that breed If possible.
If you must change, change to the
in your neighborhood so that you can
keep up one line as long as possible.
The best time for colts to come is tn
April or May.
If the colts are properly fed and
well cared for until four or five years
old. and then carefully broken, they
will sell readily at a good profit. It
pays to raise heavy draft horses, and
I am sure that every farmer who baa
tried It has found this to be true.
The Illustration shows Boq-ihan
Lady Peggy, a champion English
breed that has th* most good sirs* [ Clydesdale.
Th* Simple Life.
Anns Marla Wllhelmlna Pickering,
in her “Memoirs,” edited by her son,
tells s Yorkshire Incident which con-
tains a great deal of human nature.
Variety spices life; the plain Is monot-
onous. until Its extent entitles It to
the name of prairie or desert, and It
gains interest through vastness.
There was an old copple in tho vil-
lage whom I used often to go to see.
One day. when I found them sitting,
one on each side of the fire, the old
man said to me:
"Well, t' missis and me. we’vo been
married nigh on 60 years, and we’ve
never had one quarrel."
The old woman looked at me, with a
twinkle in her eyes, and said:
“It war verie conscientious, but
varle dool.”—Youth’s Companion.
Wise Uncle Joshua.
“Be you the elevator conductor?"
asked Uncle Joshua, who had strayed
Into town out of the sweet rusticity of
s comic paper.
“Yes. sir,” grinned the boy.
“Well, I come ter this village ter see
the high buildin*. Haow high up A*
go?”
"To the top—twenty-first floor.
"Take me up to th’ leventh. Sho!
What’s th’ use o’ riskin’ my Uf* an'
join’ aU the hull way when th* folks
to home ’ll never believe 1 went sny
higher than ten stories, no matter
what 1 tell ’em?”
Wasted Opportunity.
Stella—What do you consider h
waste of opportunity?
Bella—A freight train going through
» tunnel
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Wright, F. A. The Collinsville News. (Collinsville, Okla.), Vol. 13, No. 20, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 12, 1911, newspaper, October 12, 1911; Collinsville, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc1172680/m1/3/: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.