V
A PACT MADE PLAIN.
*
history of expansion.
OTHER NATIONS HAVE TRIED
IT WITH DISASTER.
lohn l  vl« ! ■« of th" A!
tempt* of Natlou* to K*t.ntl Their
I'o.rrlKrr l'nwlUln( Peo|il«. t'lvll-
l/etl auil *•>  «■
In my opinion wp .hould neither .c-
quire nor hold tho Philippine Island
1 have in mind many good reasons for
this opinion. 1 will mention a few of
them.
In the first place, if the inhabitants
are opposed to being acquired by us
we will tinil the conquest of the U-
| lands very difficult and costly, if not
impossible. A country that can be at
tacked only by sea may be annoyed,
ravaged aund greatly damaged, but
teldoin entirely subjugated and assimi-
ated, if it possesses a considerable
population of united, courageous and
letermincd pcvple.
Ancient Home, in the height of liei
mperial power and splendor, tried the
sxperiment of couquest on the Island
>f llritain. For Ave hundred years
.he Roman legions ravaged, burned,
uurdered and desolated the country,
it tremendous cost of blood and treas-
lre, but, Anally, gave up the effort of
jonquest and assimilation as Impossi
ble. When the lesions were finally
•spelled, they left no enduring traces
ot their occupancy except a few paved
roads and stone walls, and other ap
that time was less than one quarter of
million people. France numbered at
that time o\er twenty-five millions,
with parts of western Europe at her
back as allies'.
Within ten years prior to that
French invasion, the blacks of St.
Domingo led by their black general,
Toussaint, had driven back the llcets
of Spain; aud had defeated the Eng-
lish and driven them from the island!
Neither France, England nor Spain
were alio to establish and bold a foot-
ing in St. Pom in go. They were all
defeated and killed or driven off in the
same decade, ending in lioi.
The general rule here laid down may
be disputed, aud the alleged conquest
of India by Great llritain may be cited
to prove that 1 am wrong. In reply I
will say that tircat llritain has had on
hand tlio job of conquering and assini
Hating India about three hundred
years, and yet more than half the
provinces are still luted by native
princes. The British hold cities and
trading stations on the sea coasts and
river banks where armed vessels can
penetrate.
India is by no means eouquered and
assimilated by the English, after three
centuries of herculean effort. It is
merely the conquest of a robber over
his victim whose pocket lie is picking.
He has him down but he cannot per*
iniiuently conquer him.
Even tho case of Ireland proves the
truth of my position. The people aro
held down by British bayonets, but
they are not trusted with home rule,
lest it may lead to Irish independence.
A man who is completely wrapped
ip in him>elf is always cold.
When a girl of sixteen, who is prct-
y, aud has good clothes, gets a sad
ook in her eyes, it mean-, that she has
Ward that it is becoming; nothing
no re.
A Kansas woman who has very light
lair, is so popular with tho other
s-omen that they do not accuse her of
ilondlulng her hair.
What a great disappointment it i*
s hen a homely woman removes a veil
roin her face.
The prayer-meeting promise not put
ti to practice adds a lie to your guilt.
No matter how just tlie cause for a
•voman'a anger, people always have a
•ympathetic feeling for lier husband
■vhcii they aee her di-play her Urn-
lor.
There is one tiling that is true of a
n ido ver. He la alw ays wondering if
ic can bite ut a bait without getting
aught in the hook.
A doctor attributes every kind of
LUitering, except a broken leg, to ma-
aria or kidn'-y disease.
Only the conqueror praises the good
qualities of his opponent.
PORT ARTHUR CELEBRATION.
tho land
plianees aud necessities of military jn ma„y pttrtn of Ireland
rule. There was no assimilation of rt.nts are collected, and tenants are
I he people, or their institutions or lan- j Cvictcd by an armed British constubu-
juage to the Roman form of civiliza- lary, and the alleged owners of the
The people re
Without the Aid of the GoM Stnnd.ird tind
out of its rights.
Trusts, Lobor could not be clieatcd
hadicai- mkn needed.
or. herron scores lag-
gards.
ownership of public utilities is prac-
tically the private ownership of hum: n
beings; that private property in public
resources is destroying private proper-
; ty in individual resources, making even
1 the ownership of their daily bread a
: wretched uncertainty to the vast ma
Ikui. rabianlim
Tlicy Tliink Ideal.
That Itefortncrs Should I.leut y
Themselves Willi Marxism, Bellamy- jority of human beings.
Anything Which n()l pool our differences for awhile and
j form a national reform trust upon the
— j basis of the things we all want? W hy
The subject of tho seventh of llr. nQt at Jeast agroe t0 dear the field for
Herron's lectures in the Christian citi- j m)r diffcrences before we undertake to
zenship league series was "The I ind-
lug of the New in the Old." Willard
hall was crowded yesterday noon to
hear the address. Ue said in part:
Now, why
settle them? I fear that if we do not
very soon come to such agreement we
will find no field left on which to dis-
Jesus'solved for Himself and Mis ^"^hed and fortified possession of the
the most of it is nlready in in-
friends the problem of the relation of | conllnon Cuemy.
the idealist to existing facts, lie was t
the most radical of all idealists, but j
'While we each go our halting a
nil
He was also tho most rational
ward the wrongs he confronted.
and ' l>eble w,l>'s
of reform the bulk of tho
, J i population of Christendom is being
hopeful of all men in His attitude to^ reduced to Helpless economic serfdom.
taught his law of love as the evolu
I While we stand bewildered and dis-
, , .. . puling, fetters of steel are being forged
tion of all the past; as the solution of ^ citizen in this nation—fet-
all the present. Ho pointed lo |''e terB Uiati i{ not broken soon, will bind
seeds .of regeneracy that lay within ^ ohil(jreu's children, to ba broken
every degeneracy; to the right that .(l last by the mortal agony, tho bleed-
was the reality of every wrong; to the j ^ o{ their children.
good that was the substance of every ^ ^ ^ ^ point
evil; to the truth that supportede J ^ q{ nearly 83i()0o,o00,000 of
''"Then.' are many of us who have capital organised ^btn^onOn
widely different ideal, of t^™wlic°h has lately been cap-
about the same goa^ itaUzcd at ,,00.00,000. fulfills the^po.
oi and organization, but w
reaching for about toe , . . ,
u we aii want brotherhood, sibilities of its cliartei,
to the Hanking Law
1838, the arti"
tice of love for all men. ,
not ready, as we ought to be, to help earth. Accordin
end. olInV   ? -I *W.
* l-X.\pUcab(our tu,r.
If we really have faith in a nee and direction of_ I ™at combine, above referred
while the industry and moral well-
being of the entire nition are mas-
sacred by a single trust, then Nero
fiddling while Home burned was a par-
agon of innoccnco in comparison with
rsclves. If we can do nothing to
save the people unless we can save
them within the terms of our own par-
ticular program, or until some day of
dreadful judgment forces us together,
then the fury of that reckoning may
tear all our programs to shreds and the
people be saved by free and by suering
unspeakable, because the leaders were
too bliuded by self-will to see the day
of their opportunity."—Chicago Bee-
ord.   —
Ono of the evidences of marvelous
prosperity during the year lately
closed, due, of course, to the magic of
the "advance agent" and his followers,
is seeu in the activity of the New Jer-
sey trust mill. But it appears that
the legislature of that state has under
consideration a measure which may
drive tho business and manufacturing
corporations into some other state. A
bill has been introduced changing the
tax from S40 a year for each million of
capital stock of any corporation over
85,000,000 to S.")00 for each million over
gnioOO.OOO, or nearly six and a half
times as much. The Jersey legislators
may think they can collect the addi-
tional tax for the reason that the
trusts cannot reorganize under the
laws of any other state without incur-
ring disadvantages from which they
would suffer more than they would by
paying the additional tax. However
that may be, we may cxpect the com-
bines to multiply and thrive as long as
a motive to their organization is sup-
nage
tion and government
nained independent, and in the couise
af years, have built up a government
Mid a civilization greater than tlie
Romans.
Learning nothing from the lessons of
history in later times, Great Britain
tried the old and disastrous experi-
ment of conquest on the infant Ameri-
can colonies, but after a ruinous and
lesolatlug war of nearly eight years,
ivas obliged to give up the job as a
'ail ure.
The Spanish empire, when in the
tenith of its power and glory, tried
Spanish American colonics, when they
were but thinly populated, in the early
part of tho nineteenth century. It
Sid not succeed. And this is the gen-
tral lesson of history. Ships cannot
whip armies, any more than armies
:an whip ships. When there is a light
between a lion andawhale.it is usn-
illv a draw battle, each remaining
nastcr of its own element.
A further lesson of history is this:
The hardest of all countries to con-
iner and assimilate is a mountainous
aland of considerable size in a hot,
inhealtliy climate, with a numerous
tnd hostile population. This fact has
>ften been verified. For two or three
•enturies Spain has been trying to re-
luce tlie Philippines to subjection,
rhe work was scarcely half done,
when a new and powerful rebellion
aroke out, which was still raging when
;he Americans steamed into Manila
aarbor. Points on the coast were oc-
cupied by the Spaniards, and cities
were built, but the mountainous inter-
our
them
bond is the note i amounting to
ter society, if we really have faith in ance ana ii'""™lnus0 \s tolty-two great combine.
ideals and programs we will risk "°''gan' U ew company ' state, that to all but five are protected by duties
in auv sort of conjunction and finance the P J t ranging from thirty per cent upward,
lend their energy to every kind of ef- j the objects otwo arc protected b, our
fort that will take a single step, tc- * merc,,;lndise and tariff or other laws to some extent
Itv'that"t-ewek.' H our own program ! passengers on land and water; build- Most of us are „nder tho false tm-
f ' kingdom of heaven is no' yet ing ve^eN boats, railroads, engines, ^ ^ R r„bli
clear in our minds, or if the moment cars. o^! P«bf ln-every
' to a private nolo.
attach ourselve. to John the Baptist, New Jersej
to Karl Marx, to Henry George, to Kd - ( er lm
ward Bellamy, to Mr. Oroulnnd's eo-
operative common wealth, to any tiling m
anil everything except the mere con- j holding, owning,
aprvttism or the idle and bewildered transferring, or O— . -
waiting which our economic tyrannies ] investing, trading or dealing in or with j _nQl even th(J persoa who contracts
arc using to build their
"But let me be specific.
lor of many of the islands was as free
from Spanish rule as when the Span-1 lowest possible variety
ids first discovered the country. The
late Spanish war in Cuba, also illus. j
trates tho fact I have stated. The
Spaniards held tlie coast line cities.
Tlie Cubans held the interior. Neither
could successfully conquer the other.
It was a dead lock, and the war was
in a condition to be peipetual, destroy-
ing the industry and commercial im-
portance of the country. It was this
view of tlie case which made it neces-
tary for the United States to interfere
and save the island from a long drawn
out and painful suicide.
lint tho most noted examples of the
difficulty of conquering a hot, tropical
island by a'foreign foe was the invas
•on of St. Domingo by the armaments
of Napoleon in 1S02. Napoleon sent
two squadrons with land troops
lands, in some cases, do not dare to set
foot upon their own estates. Ireland
is neither conquered nor tamed. '1 he
firing lia. ceased on the battle fields,
but it is still heard in the potaloe fields
and among the huts of an unconquera-
ble tenantry; and. British orders are
still issued by the imperial government
from Dublin Castle.
It costs the United States about S.10
per head per annum, to police, disci-
pline and manage a few thousand In-
dians at our very doors. It would cost
three hundred million dollars per an-
num, aud more, to manage in the same
way, ten millions to hostile, half con-
quered l'hilippinos, ten thousand miles
distant.
But, says one, when llic Philippiuos
come to understand us they will not
demand independence. They will will-
ingly take the oath of alleganco to the
1'nited States and thus become Ameri-
can citizons, as proposed by President
McKinlcy, and then ask admission
into the Union.
That view of the ease is even worse,
if possible, than the other. It is a case
in which a close partnership is worso
than Hostility. It opens the door for
the admission of an unpaid or poorly-
paid Asiatic labor into the United
States, in competition with our present
home labor, which, even now, lias a
hard time to find employment on very
distressing terms.
More than half of the tlio Philippiuos
are said to be Chinese. Their wages
range from ten cents a day downward,
to the point of actual starvation. And
the beastly morals of these common
and lower classcs aro said to be of the
When those
creatures take tho oath of allegiance
to the United States, they become
American citizens of the new state
when annexed, and, as such, must en-
joy all tho rights, "privileges and im-
munities of citizens in the several
states." And, then, these new Ameri-
can citizens residing in Asia, with no
American education, instincts or train-
ing, when annexed, must send into tho
American congress some fifty or more
representatives and two senators, if
admitted as two states there will be
four United States Senators; nnd, in
the presidential elections the l'hilip-
pinos will have about sixty elcctorial
votes; more than any two average
states now in tlio Union! 1 Iiub every I
four years wc must ask that newly j
acquired Asiatic commonwealth, who
IpenlilK "t i * •!•«' '"r t"° WMl
to Ho ritllnjly Obiervml.
Pout Arthur, Texas, March 9
—KxtensWe preparations arc now mi*
der way for a great celebration on tha
occasion of tha completion of the first
cutting of the dredges iu the Port Ar-
thur Ship Canal, which requires only
a comparatively small amount of work
to complete It. The Port Arthur Ship
Canal is a part of tho harbor system
forming the Gulf terminal of tho Kan-
sas City, Pittsburg & Gulf Railroad at
l'ort Arthur, Texas. The canal has
been under construction for the past
two years. Legal and other obstruc-
tions have been constantly raised by-
rival interests, and work was stopped
twice by order of tho Secretary of
War—all obstructions, however, hav
ing been removed, the first cutting of
the canal will be completed March
2th and vessels drawing 24 feet of
water will bo enabled to receive and
discharge cargoes at the docks at Port
Arthur In n very short time.
The canal was designed and cou-
I structed by Robert Glllham, general
manager and chief engineer of the
Kansas City, Pittsburg A Gulf rail-
road. A. E. stilwell, president of the
road, first suggested the canal and in-
terested .I. dc Goeijen of Amsterdam,
Holland, a largo foreign holder of the
road's securities. The plans prepared
by Mr. Gillham were approved by for-
eign engineering experts, and the
worli was begun during the spring of
lsort. The canal is designed to extend
to deep water from Sabine Pass to
l'ort Arthur. Sabine Pass has a depth
over the bar. Tha
about sixty thousand slian ijC 0„r next president of the j
    — <«  ' '«*. -;
, of transportation; the buying,
: improving and selling of lands; the
lanufacture, purchase, acquiring.
mortgaging, selling,
'i'ho-e who think so
are woefully in error. A public bond
is no ordinary debt, but is exactly
what the term expresses, a certificate
of bondage—a novel form of serfdom.
A note or evidence of indebtedness
otherwise disposing of, ■ property on!y, nr)t human beings
investing, trading or dealing in or with j
thrones. goods, wares, merchandises and prop- j ^ debt and
There aro j erty of every description; the acquit- . ^ the contrary, has no reference to
...rtain initiatives which we all agree j lug and undertaking of a'\°r'l"f. plU t. property, but binds human beings to
! he necessary before there can be of the business assets and liabilities o , erty( and extends its force to the
to be  c^Broo.al chanpe whatcvcr anyper.on, firm, association or corpor- ^uboru
Among ation, and the making and performing
of contracts of every kind; the holding,
ntation and kindred i purchasing, mortgaging, leasing and
any effectly
be our programs of reform.
thcin are tlie initiative, the proper
tional represc
measures which look toward a restora-
tion to the people of a power which
they liave ignorantly and wickedly
surrendered to their so-called represen-
tatives.
"The Marxian socialist, the rabian
socialist, tho single-taxer, the Jeffer-
sonian individualist, the philosophical
anarchist, will all agree that repre-
sentative government lias broken
down; that it has become a mere plu-
tocratic bureaucracy; that if the peo-
ple would effect any political change
they must get into their hands tho
power by which the change is to be
made Furthermore, the most of these
 re coming to agree that the private
The bond issue to carry on the
American war against Spain will be
paid in gold. "The national honor is
at stake," and all that sort of thing.
Wero the soldiers and sailors paid in
gold? Oh, no! They were expected to
be patriatlc aud offer up their bodies
as a sacrifice for paper money. The
men who never see gold are told that
men, to "reduce" the people to subjec-
tion. General Ueclere, brotlier-in-law
of Napoleon, had command of the ex-
pedition. As the armies approached
tho coast the black governor of St
Domingo rode to tlie eastern end of
the island, aud, observing the terrible
array, exclaimed: "All the world is
coming to liayti! They can only come
A public bond, | t0 make us slaves'.'
Then, retreating to the mountains,
lie issued hisshoit but expressive proc-
lamation to his people, as follows:
"Burn the towns! Destroy the har-
vests! Poison the wells! Plow up tho
roads with cannon! And show the
white man the hell lie has come to
make!" . , ,,
The proclamation was obeyed, lhc
first battle was fought amid the flames
and embers of a burning town. The
war was merciless. The yellow fever
of tlie tropics did its work on the
French troops. The blacks held the
when favora-
conveying of real :-.nd personal proper-
ty in any state or territory of the
United States or in any foreign coun-
try or place, and in carrying on any
other business in connection there-
with.' In fine, here is a trust which
deliberately proposes, by sheer econo-
ic might, to centralize tlio whole in-
dustry of the nation in a single greit
economic despotism: that deliberate! /
plans to reduce labor to complete
1 economic subjection; that already prac- j -- j)omCi yOU can be pretty sure that
ticaliy owns tho machinery of govern-1 hpv lnotljer s.ai.sed house plants in the
ment as literally as you own the Co..I )a,. window.
on your back. I . .. —
'if we reformer* can find no basis; If the her.s are too fat feed them ; tanintalned lt to the present day.
of agreement as to what is to be done, whole cats for a few days. i .Atl8 population of St. Domingo at
United States! It will then actually
be a serious question, whether the
Americans are gorcrnlng the Philip-
pines, or, are they controlling us? lt
will bo liko the British scout iu tlie
Caucassus when lie captured a Tartar
prisoner. He could not manage him,
but on the other hand was managed
by him. And, when too late, he had
to confess that lie hud "caught a tar-
tar!"
When all these things come about
with their wrongs on American labor
race complications aud other crimes
against American rights and citizen-
ship, who will !:eep the pcaco in tlio
United States? This is> serious prob-
lem which President McKinlcy should
solve before ho asks Asia to swear
allegiance to the United States, that
they may "help control the govern-
ment."    
of 2e feet of water
dimensions of tlie canal arc the same
as those of the Suez ca ial -1 .'3 feet
wide and 55 feet deep. It is miles
long The excavations wero made hy
hydraulic dredges, tho work involving
tho dredging of 11,000,00) yards of
clay, etc
At the Port Arthur end of the cnnai
several slips have been already dredged
and worlt on others is in progress. An
elevator with a capacity of 500,000
bushels is completed; large warehouses
have been built and extensive piers
constructed; a large export business
has already been handled through
l'ort Arthur, and as soon as tho canal
is completed, additional steamship
lines will be established. The harbor
is land-locked and an excellent one.
A number of prominent men, finan-
ciers from Europe aud elsewhere, wiU
be present at the celebration on tha
■;-,th. The Third regiment bauil of
Missouri, late U. S. Volunteers, will
leave on a special train from Kansas
City. March 2?nd; distinguished visit-
ers"will be present from Ne-.v York,
London, Amsterdam, Paris and ether
foreign places as well as many points
in the I nit'-d States. Free transpor-
tation from l'ort Arthur to the doc*
and free transportation by steamers
on the canal will be furnished, i.unch
will be served on the canal In connec-
tion with the ceremonies This will
bo an event of unusual interest and
importance, connecting the waters of
the Gulf of Mexico with the greater
canal and land-locked harbor on the
American continent. Specially low
rates will bo made from Omaha,
yuiney, Kansas Cl'.y and intermediate
points
Difficult UhIUIiik*
1 don't like your Southern
lo travel on them for any
time is positively painful
what particular defect
The ties are alto-
"No, sir,
railways.
length of
"May I ask
prejudices you?
gether too far apart-' "Ah, then, >
ar,,_" "Yon arc right—1
actor." Cleveland Plain Dealoi
ain
l-jr.u
nlcl ttullile
The laborers who built the pyramid,
did not work under such disadvantages
as have long been attributed to then,
Recent research shows that they had
tolld and tubular drills and lathe too
The drills were set with jewels, and
cut into the rock with keenness and
cut int
act uracy
business and war must be con tin c ted j interior, always lighting
on "confidence." i bio opportunity offered, often driven
—— ... 1 back, but never beaten. And, ulti-
W'lien a girl who is visiting ow t] , (1 triumphant on tlie
talks about the "conservatory ^ at thousand French voter-
J tins! General Lcclerc was sent home
! to France in a coffin. The blacks de-
1 eiared their independence, and have
When a farmer sells bis grain ha
does not want gold: he wants com-
modities. If he gets gold he will use
it to secure commodities. Any land of
money that will enable him to ex-
change his grain for commodities at
well as the gold will, is just as good as
tlie gold.
Stir up a hornet's nest when you are
looking for a warm spot.
a t'lo'
Milan has
which is mad
maker I
devoted three year
k Matle of llresn
clo'k
t curiosity
entirely of bread. Tha
native of India, and he has
of his time to tha
construction of this curiosity. The
clock Is of respectable size, and goca
well.   
Th* rrrKltl^it'* Salary.
Tho .alary of the president
„,i Rt 125.000 a year, and remained a*
this figure until emigre:-- doubled thi.
Bum fur Gen I.rant as -> •
wan, he having ^ ^
tion in the army lo accept the presl