The Peoples Voice (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 6, No. 24, Ed. 1 Friday, January 7, 1898 Page: 3 of 8
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SLIGHTLY SARCASTIC.
/
SPAIN IS POINTED TO AS A MODEL
FOR THE UNITED STATES.
The Attention of aOoltl Hue lone rest-
inmii la Called t« the HMkiac Uw of
Spain a* llelug oue that Would Suit
our ISaukers.
Hon. Charles X. Fowler, Washington,
a a
My I)ear Sir: Your circular letter of
date November 5, 1897, also copy of
your bill (H B 50, 55th Con*.) to amend
the National Hank act; also copy of
your speech in explanation and sup-
port of the same have been received
and carefully read and considered. In
reply I unhesitatingly say that I think
your proposed amendment ought to be
fairly satisfactory to the banking
classes. Your amendments, however,
are somewhat complicated, and as
some of the provisions are liable to be
misunderstood, especially by the com-
mon people, I respectfully call your at-
tention to the banking law of Spain,
the salient features of which are given
by Del Mar in his "Money and Civili-
zation," (London, 1SS6 editiou) pages
121 to 123 inclusive.
The Spanish banking law is a model
of simplicity; it is impossible to misun-
derstand or misconstrue it. Again, it
has been tried, and I think it will be
conccdcd that under it Spain has at-
tained a remarkable financial position
among the gold standard nations of
the world, and as we are now about to
■follow her example, we should have
the manliness to acknowledge her as
our financial prototype. If we adopt
the Spanish law we might in all proba-
bility in a short time be able to stand
shoulder to shoulder with the great
financial reformer and become in the
same manner as Spain now is one of
the great money centers of the gold
standard world.
In the adoption of her banking sys-
tem Spain has no hesitation in declar-
ing herself a gold standard country
and providing for the redemption by
the government, on demand, of all of
her token money, not in gold coin, but
in a ccrtain weight of Hue gold. Your
bill provides for the redemption of our
fiduciary money iu gold coin. I do not
tike this. I do not think it will be sat-
isfactory to the banking classes. Such
money should be made redeemable in
a definite weight of tine gold, other-
wise a dishonest congress might at
some future time reduce the weight of
the coin, and debase the finenes of the
metal, and so defraud the honest bank-
er. Such contingencies should be
guarded against. The Spanish law is
much safer in this respect than your
proposed amendments.
Realizing the fact that your official
duties must keep you constantly em-
ployed, and that you might not have
In your Immediate possession a copy of
Del Mar's "Money and Civilization," I
^uote from it a summary of the Span-
ish banking system hereinbefore refer-
red to. It may be found on pagss 121
to 123 inclusive, and is in the tallowing
words:
"First—All payments shall ultimate-
ly be discharged in a definite weight of
gold. •
"Second—The production of gold
from native mines; its importation,
either coined or uncoined from for-
eign countries; its conversion from
bullion into coin; its reconversion from
coins to bullion; its use in the arts, its
exportation to foreign countries and,
generally speaking, its monopolization,
sequestration and destruction as well
as its use as money, shall be left en-
tirely in the hands of the banking
classes, and the prerogatives of the
crown shall be limited to the fabrica-
tion of coins at the option and upon
the demand of the bankers, and at the
expense of the public.
"Third—as gold coins of less than
about twenty grains would be incon-
venient to handle, money to represent
small sums should be coined of silver,
nickel or copper, and those shall only
be issued to a small extent; they shall
have a limited "course'' of legal ten-
der and among private parties, and
shall be receivable by the government
without limit, thus making them prac-
tically redeemable by the government
in gold coin.
"Fourth—As it may be to the inter-
est of the banking classcs to inflate or
contract the currency more suddenly
than can be done by means of coins,
they shall control the emission of pa-
per money by making it payable in the
metal which they are legally empow-
ered to monopolize.
"Fifth—the government shall divest
itself of any possible means of ascer-
taining the quality of money in circu-
lation, and the dimensions of the
measure of value shall only be known
to the banking classes.''
Soon after the adoption of this law
by Spain, Mr. Andee, American charge
do affaires at Madrid, expressed his
approval of this law, particularly of
third subdivision in the following
words:
"Spain gives another proof of her
vitality in joining the ranks of the far
richer nations of Europe, which hold
that a silver piece, whatevar its in-
trinsic worth, is merely a promise on
the part of the government whose
stamp it bears to pay on demand the
amount of gold due on its face." (See
monetary com mi as ton, page )
If, however, on account of the labor
you have performed in developing and
perfecting yonr bill you are unwilling
to abandon it even for so admirable a
law as the one sugge-ited, 1 trust you
will at least protit by it to the extent
of incorporating iu your bill its salient
features.
In conclusion, I will say, it has been
suggested by some of our friends that
some provision should be mule that
would lake from cougresa, at least for
fifty years, the right to repeal or mod-
ify this law In any manner. I, how-
ever, do not believe that it is iietvssary;
if the law ia once passed it will never
repealed: we can always control
either the executive or oue branch of
the national legislature in the future,
as we have in the past, and so you see
the law would be safe. Just think for
a moment of the positiou we have
maintained on the silver question.
There is no doubt of the fact that a
great majority ot the people have at
all times since 1873 been iu favor of
the restoration of the right of the free
and unlimited coinage of silver, but
we have always held them in check,
and we shall always be be able to do
so; and in a case of last resort we can
only rely upon the supreme court to
protect our vested rights.
Very Truly Yours,
A J. L'TLEY.
Los Angeles, Cal., Dec. «j, 181)7.
FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGHICULTURALIST.
Some I p-to-l>*te lllute About Cultiva-
tion of the Soil and Yield* Thereof—
Horticulture, Viticulture and flori-
culture.
Ke||;l*u S viuifN Hank •
In Belgium the savings institutions
maintained by the government are not
strictly postal savings banks, as they
arc managed and controlled by a board
of trustees created for that purpose
instead of being given over to the su-
pervision of the postoffice department.
The exact designation used in the law
is "general bunk of savings and super-
annuation. " As early as 1850 the Bel-
gian government made provision for
annuities or old-age pensions. Accord-
ing to the law persous could entrust
certain sums to the governmeut under
condition that they receive annuities
in their old age. When Great Britain
established postal savings banks the
Belgians imitated the sample to the
extent of establishing a savings bank
under government coutrol, to which
the bank of superannuation or old-age
pensions was then annexed.
Iu niauuKemeut the Belgian savings
banks are quite similar to the mutual
savings batiks of New England, ex-
cept that the former are under govern-
ment and the latter under private con-
trol. Both are managed by trustees,
who derive no profit from the opera-
tion of the banks. The general coun-
cil or board of trustees is composed of
a president and twenty-four members,
appointed by the king for six-year
terms, four members being appointed
each year. From this number is se-
lected a council of administration, con-
sisting of the president and six mem-
bers, who have more immediate super-
vision over the affairs of the bank.
The director-genera! or manager is ap-
pointed and may be removed by the
king, lie receives a salary and gives
bonds for the faithful performance of
his duty. The administration of the
bank has been successful und popular.
For the year 1804 the number of de-
positors was 1,053,099 out of a popula-
tion of 0,000,000.
The latitude for investment of funds
deposited with the Belgian savings
is wide, and is not confined to govern-
ment securities as is Great Britain
At the discretion of the general coun-
cil or board of trustees the funds may
be invested in provincial and commun-
al bonds, in mortgages on houses and
landed property and in the bonds of
Belgian companies. Under certain
conditions, too, the bank may make
loans on stocks. In other words, the
range of investment open to the gov-
ernment savings banks in Belgium is
about as wide as that permitted by
statute to the only savings banks tiiat
are tolerated in New England and a
few other eastern states.
The successful experience of Belgian
investing savings funds in other
than government securities is a stand-
ing refutation of the argument that a
government savings bank iu the Unit-
ed States could not be trusted to in-
vest funds even in state and municipal
securities. If it be offered in objection
that Belgium is a monarchy, the reply
can be made that similar methods of
investing savings funds entrusted to
government savings banks are in suc-
cessful operation in several of the
Australian co'ouies, which have demo-
cratic government—Chicago Record.
I.eavo Politic* Out,
fTiarles \V. Dabuey, lately of the ag-
ricultural department, writing in the
Southern States Farm Magazine, has
the following suggestive thought,
which all mav read with profit:
"The road that passes your gate,
the school your children go to, the
church you attend on Sund(%r, your
village and its every interest, require
your earnest and conscientious atten-
tion and support. Why should poli-
tics influence you in deciding who
shall survey the road or select the
teacher or keep order In the village?
And yet, eight times out of ten, the
party convention or boss will decide
your vote even in the selection of a
school director. For your own home
interests you want the best, most effi-
cient and most faithful person in each
place. Hut for the sake of helping to
maintain an organization which aims
to elect a congressman once every two
years, or a governor once in four, 3*011
you will sacrifice interests that affect
the prosperity, comfort and intellect'
lied Clover In the South.
Farmers' Bulletin 18: Until recent-
ly it has been thought that red clover
could not be grown in the Southern
Btatos, but our experience has been
that on suitable soils and with proper
management it will grow fully as well
here as in any of the Northern states,
snd that, while it does not last as
long here. Its yield is heavier, and on
account of its more rapid growth, the
quality of hay is better. In North
Carolina it has succeeded well and has
maintained a full stand longer than in
most other sections; while on the
sandy white soil of the Florida station
it has done but little. At the l uis-
iana station It has made a vigorous
growth, affording two large cuttings
during the first season, but it soon suc-
cumbs to the encroachments of native
grasses. At the Mississippi station on
rich creek bottom and on black pjairie
soils it has given excellent results,
making 2 tons of hay per acre in May,
another ton in June, and in favorable
seasons another ton in September,
though the last cutting has been unre-
liable on account of summer drouths.
Where such yields can be made it is
one of the best crops which can be
grown, but there are many localises in
the South where it has not been found
profitable. It requires a soil which is
ri«h and in fairly good condition to
secure a "catch" of the seed, and on
many soils where it makes a promis-
ing start and yields two or three cut-
tings it soon becomes overrun with the
native grasses and is choked out. Or-
dinarily It will not pay to grow it more
than two years on the same ground,
as by the end of that time it will have
done its best work in fertilizing the
soil, and the land will give better re-
turns if the last crop of clover is
plowed under and the field planted to
some other crop. As the plants pro-
duce seed abundantly here and are
not infested with the insects which
have recently done so much damage to
the crop in the Northern states, there
seems to be no reason why the seed
crop should not become of considerable
importance.
Red clover Is a universally recog-
nized standard in estimating the values
of all other crops, when grown either
for hay or as a green manure, and we
have made special efforts to test it on
as great a variety of soils as possible,
and do not hesitate to recommend it
for all rich soils which are In good me-
chanical condition; but it is useless to
sow it on barren fields, or on rough
and poorly prepared lands of any kind.
It seems best suited for growth on al-
luvial and black prairie soils, and has
never been satisfactory on sandy
white lime lands. August sowings have
given the best satisfaction, as the
plants from such sowings are sufficient-
ly strong to keep down any growth of
wild grasses and weeds the next spring,
and will give a heavy cutting of hay
In May. If sown in February, the
more common time, the first cutting
*111 be principally of volunteer grasses,
Dut the clover will give two good cut-
ings later. Sowing with oats in Feb-
ruary is often successful, but the clov-
sr is often injured by cutting the oat9,
ihus removing the shade just at the
Deginnlng of the hot weather. Sow 1
bushel of the seed to each 5 acres.
yeast plant and putrefactive bacteria.
It hinders snd prevents fermentation,
the souring of milk and the putrefac-
tion of milk. Its action upon unorgan-
ized ferments is even more powerful.
It completely arrests the conversion of
starch into grape sugar by disease and
pancreatic extracts. This sctlon la di-
rectly opposed to the process of diges-
tion, and. were there no other reason,
the use of salicylic acid should be uni-
versally condemued. These facts in
connection with salicylic acid have
been recognized v* ry thoroughly In
legislation. The use of the acid has
been condemned by most of the Euro-
pean countries having pure food laws
In France It is forbidden by law. In
Austria, Italy and Spain it cannot be
used without the danger of incurring a
heavy penalty, and all South Amer-
ican states having pure food laws have
absolutely forbidden Its sale. The laws
of many of the states forbid its use. By
a decision of Mr. Wells, the dairy and
food commissioner, the use of salicylic
acid in food is prohibited in Pennsyl-
vania. I wish to call attention here to
another fact in connection with the use
of salicylic acid which is of extreme
importance, viz., the sale of preserva-
lines, preservatives, etc., under various
high-sounding names, Intended for use
in private families. A number of these,
claimed to be perfectly harmless, are
on the market, but actually contain
salicylic acid as the main Ingredient.
The conscientious and careful house-
keeper should put an absolute veto up-
on the use of any such compounds.
There Is rarely any need for them,
since, when pure fruits and vegetables
are used and the proper directions for
sterilizing by heat, etc., are carried out,
canned or preserved goods of all de-
scriptions can be prepared that will re-
main in good condition for years with-
out the aid of any preservative.
Intensive Cultivation.
Wl>«B a country U> new and lan4 ta
cheap, there ti a tendency on the part
of the farmer to take up as much land
as possible, says Rural Canadian. In
the first settlements the lands occupied
are Invariably far more extensive than
the ability of the settler to cultivate
them. And eveu when settlement has
been fairly well advanced In those dis-
tricts where homesteads are no long-
er to be had for the asking, Intensive
cultivation is not carried on In Can-
ada to anything like a degree that
* VWVWWWWVW'VWV* wv
£ Experience in Subsoiling. ^
I have never known a time when the
subject of subsoiling should be more
carefully discussed than now, says a
correspondent of Kansas Farmer. As
a rule, subsoiling should be carried on
every year, regardless of whether the
season be wet or dry; but as a rule it
Is thought of only during a long drouth
In the crop growing season. Of course
gives the best returns possible for land, there Is some land that would not be
In France, according to authorities j benefited by subsoiling, but on the aver-
who criticize Cauadian agriculture age prairie soil, with its hard-pan sub-
from this standpoint, the art of fer- soil, it is of great advantage. I expect
tillzing the soil Is carried to such an to BUbsoil a part of my land every year,
extent, that, in the case of tenant
farming, the tenant usually reserves
the r'*ht to carry the surface of the
soil of his farm or garden away with
Mm on the expiration of his lease.
This Is the more practicable in that
country because of excellent means of
.■ommunlcation. the usual smallncss of
he lots cultivated, and the fact that
ho French peasantry seldom wander
'ar from the neighborhood In which
:hey were born. The returns from a
jingle acre of land cultivated In the
vicinity of Paris by the highest degree
of intensive tillage often amount to
eight or even tenfold more than the
returns from an acre of land on a
Canndian farm. The costs of this cul-
tivation are certainly greater than
that of ours, but are not, It Is alleged,
increased in proportion to the larger
returns. The difference consists
mainly in better profits to the cultiva-
tor.
ual and moral advancement of youi
Del Mar, page 123, also United States family as these ofiicers uever can da
Pie Plant III the Garden.
No vegetable responds more readily
ta a minimum amount of cultivation
than rhubarb, and as it makes a first-
class substitute for fruit, it should be
much more extensively grown, espe-
cially In a country like this, whore our
fruit resources are extremely limited,
Bays Northwestern Farmer. Two meth-
ods of starting a bed of rhubarb may
be adopted, either by sowing the seed
or planting roots, but the latter is much
preferable, for, except in rare In-
stances, rhubarb will not come true to
type from seed; in fact, retrogression
In every feature is very apparent in
seedling rhubarb. If a few old roots
can be obtained so much the better,
and these may be divided with a sharp
spade Into as many pieces as there are
eyes. Care must be taken to ensure
the fact of there being an eye or bud
to each root, as they will not grow if
this Is missing, no matter how large
the root may be. Rhubarb is a par-
ticularly heavy feeder, and this fact
must be taken into consideration when
preparing the land for planting. An
old piece of garden, which has been
manured for a few years, will make an
excellent situation, if plowed deeply
and heavily manured before planting.
Do not be afraid of putting on too
much manure, for in this point lies the
main secret of successful rhubarb
growing. The plants should be set out
in rows five feet apart each way, care
being taken not to bury the crowns,
which should be about level with the
surface. Fall planting gives the most
satisfactory results, and a coating of
well rotted manure spread on the bed
to the depth of six inches every fall
will materially assist development. If
the above instructions are followed out
you will be surprised at the marvelous
growth of your plot of rhubarb. Never
allow the plants to run to seed, but on
the first appearance of flower spikes
remove them, as they greatly tend to
lessen the vigor, besides causing the
whole plant to become tough and in-
sipid. Victoria and Linnaeus are pop-
ular varieties on account of their bright
color and excellent quality.
Cotton Seeil nit (little Fond.
The Texas experiment station has
been making some tests with the above
food, and gives the following sum-
mary:
First—Roasted cotton seed do not
have the laxative qualities of raw seed,
and are more palatable.
Second—Faster gains are made by
feeding the boiled seed, but at a greater
cost per pound gain.
Third—The advantages to be gained
in the use of roasted seed hardly jus-
tifies its general use.
Fourth—Boiled seed are more pal-
atable than raw seed, less laxative and
make faster gains. May continue to be
used with profit.
Fifth—Steers fed on raw seed, eating
a less quantity of seed, ate slightly
more hay in consequence.
Sixth—Cotton seed, at usual prices,
Is a good and cheap addition to a corn
and hay ration.
Seventh—The best beef ration found
by previous experiments—cotton seed,
meal, hulls and silage Is not here prov-
en the best, when calculated at former
prices—raw seed, corn and hay being
better.
Eighth—When value of raw seed Is
raised to near market present prices,
$10 per ton, the meal, hulls and silage
is again the best ration, raw seed, corn
and hay being next best.
Ninth—The average cost of gain per
pound in all lots at present price of
foods was 3.64 cents.
Tenth—The cheapest feed per pound
gained for all steers fed, when raw
cotton seed Is valued at $10 per ton,
was raw seed, corn and hay.
A Mldtako,
Farmers frequently make the mistake
of buying land adjoining and loading
themselves with a debt which burdens
them all the best years of their lives,
says Drainage Journal. When the pur-
chase was made they had a few hun-
dred dollars at command to make the
first payment, and from the day of the
purchase the deferred payments draw
Interest, and, like an eating moth,
night and day it draws upon the life
and energy of those who burden them-
selves in this way. If they had taken
the money with which they made the
first payment and applied it In the un-
derdrainage of the land which they
owned, the result would have been far
more gratifying. By tile draining the
crop product could have been incresed
from 50 to 100 per cent, which would
have added much each year to their in-
come, so that in a few years they
might have had the money In hand to
buy the land desired, and at the same
time been free from the burdens of
debt, and in every way better off.
Tli" One Fitrm In Alll.Uu.
A few weeks ago a man brought
schooner load of rutabagas, or Swedish
turnips, to the Sitka market, says the
Alaskan. These vegetables were grown
in Alaska on a farm near KUllsnoo,
perhaps the only farm worth the name
In the whole territory. From thii
gentleman, Mr. Ilubbard, we gather
some interesting facts concerning thii
novel farm. About two years ago
Messrs. Baker and Hubbard took about
seventy-five or eighty acres of tldt
land about five miles from Kllllsnoo
They dyked this land at low tide to pre
vent the overflow of the sea water
and proceeded to till the ground. Fe*
men, McGinty like, would have con-
ceived the idea of going to the "bot-
tom of the sea" to locate a farm, but
this they have actually done, and the)
have a bonanza. The ground is rich
and productive, requiring no fertiliz-
ing or Irrigation. True, their variety
of products is limited, and their con-
venience to market not the best, bu'
certain it Is they are not bothered bj
neighbors who borrow their farminj
implements, for there is not anothe;
farm In 1,000 miles of them. No dan-
ger of their neighbors' stock trespass
ing upon their farm, and no quarrcli
with neighbors over partition fences
In the "rolling deep" lies their onlj
danger of trespass, which occurred
once when the dyke burst. Last yeai
they raised 10,000 bushels of tubers
They are up with the times and havi
a silo, making sufficient silage to win
ter all their stock. We give this some,
what minute description of this Alas-
kan farm, as it is a matter of informa-
tion to our readers to learn something
of the only farm in a territory of 577,-
309 square miles.
A Plea for Honey*
Many a weary house-mother exert
herself to put up rows on rows of Jel
lies, jams and canned fruit, often ii
the extreme heat, when the sami
amount of time, more healthfully spent
out-of-doors, would supply her family
with a like quantity of sweets quite as
wholesome and palatable to the aver-
age household, says Country Gentle-
man. Of course a variety Is desirable,
and I would not do away with the time-
honored preserve closet, but its dain-
ties might well be diminished In quan-
tity and supplemented with those
which require no manipulation. Espe-
cially where there are children It ia
desirable to have a supply of natural
sweets—honey and maple syrup—as It
is noticeable that a child can eat much
more freely of these than of candy or
jams without ill effects.
Salicylic In Food.
It Is ^ell known to-day that salicylic
acid is a powerful antiseptic, says the
Sanitarian. As such it retards the ac-
tion of organized ferments like the
Flavor Demanded.—It is my impres-
sion that butter making is on the verge
of a great change, for it is our duty to
study the wants of the American people
and those abroad, and there is no ques-
tion but what they are very rapidly cul-
tivating a taste for fine flavored butter
and are looking upon it more and more
as a necessary article of food. To be-
come able to make such a fine flavored
article and overcome the defects which
our conventions and state fairs point us
to by returning our score cards marked
perfect on everything but flavor, and
that scored off from one to five points,
should be our study and must event-
ually be our accomplishment. The
most diflicult task In making butter is
to get a perfect flavor.—F. C. Oltiogge.
Drainage of Orchards.—One of the
drawbacks to many of the Willamette
prune orchards is a lack of good drain-
age. The result is immature wood, ab-
normal conditions and stagnation of
sap,followed by fungous diseases, espe-
Sprlng or Fall Setting of Trees.—
J. S. Triggin Osage (Iowa) News: Ow-
ing to their Ignorance in the matter
and the rascally misrepresentation of
fruit tree agents, quite a number of
our people In northern Iowa are In-
duced to buy orchard trees for fall
planting. It may be too late to pre-
vent the mischief for this year, still w
wish to repeat what we have hereto-
fore said in these notes, that fall plant-
ing of all kinds of trees, shrubs and
plants in this latitude is every way
unprofitable. The spring is the sea-
son to plant, not the fall, this for the
reason that the stuff planted will not
this season, and rarely any season,
obtain sufficient moisture to preserve
its life until spring. One might Just
as well throw a tree away as to plant
it now, with the earth as dry as it
is. If you have bought trees for fall
delivery, don't plant them now, but
heel them in—that is, bury them al-
most to the top, and see that they ar«
covered with moist earth.
Deficient Fertility.—In a state of na-
ture fertility is naturally maintained.
Plants that grow upon the soil die and
decay upon it. Thus, those elements
of fertility which have been withdrawn
from the soil by plants in their
growth are returned to it by their
following up the four years' rotation in
such a way that the land will never
again become compacted below the
plowing. My plan Is to plant the pota-
to rows forty-four Inches apart, or the
same distance as the corn rows should
be, then after the digger has taken out
the crop of potatoes, the ground will
look as if it had been listed for corn
and then harrowed down again. Now,
in the fall, when it is convenient, I
will subsoil in the digger track as
deep as the team can comfortably draw
the plow, and then the next spring I
will split the ridges with the lister and
follow the lister with the check-row
corn-planter. Flax and clover will fol-
low the corn, that is all cut np and the
stalks hauled ofT and fed, and pota-
toes will again follow the clover. This
is my plan on four plats of about fif-
teen acres each, and on the rest of the
farm a rotation is practiced, but the
rocks prevent the use of the subsoil
plow. I have made many favorable
statements about subsoiling before
now, but I now have some additional
evidence that may bo of interest. Old
readers of the Farmer will remember
that 1 told of an extra crop of hay that
I secured, in addition to the regular
crop, by the under-seep of the moisture
gathered and stored In a subsoiled field
above this meadow. Well, the result
of the subsoiling was even more
marked this year, and makes me think
of Mr. A. B. Perlne's illustrations that
were in the Farmer some time ago. A
little way below this field that was
subsoiled In the spring of 1896 is a
pond that in a dry spell ordinarily
goes dry long before any of my other
ponds do, and near the pond is a deep
well. This year this pond afforded
water long after the other ponds were
dry, and the well almost affords
enough water for my use when there
Is not another like it for miles
around, as all of us have to haul wa-
ter. Again, my potato patch has been
subsoiled across each end of the rows,
and the yield there was over three
times as much as in the middle where
it had never been subsoiled. I fol-
lowed the lister with the subsoller this
spring, and then used the check-rower,
and it is a fact that there has not been
enough rainfall at any time since to
wet the ground down deeper than one
will cultivate, and of course the sub-
soiling did not get full, but in spite of
all this and the extreme late planting
of the corn (May 10), the crop is a little
above the average for this year. A
field of red Kaffir corn was planted by
one of my neighbors the same day, and
it has not done so well as the corn did.
Another flebl of corn was planted just
across the road from mine, on unsub-
soiled land, the same day, and it is not
near so good a yield as mine. On near-
ly level land that does not naturally
surface drain, the subsoller should be
used with caution. If well subsoiled
it will get so full of water that it is of
no more use to farm than the bottom
of a pond would be, but if the subsoller
is run every four, or even eight feet,
in this kind of land, it will be of ad-
vantage. I know of a field that was
level that was deeply subsoiled in
every furrow in 1890, early in the
spring, and it was of no more use that
year, as it was fairly water-logged, but
this season Ii has four times the crop
that any other adjoining field has, and
has amply reimbursed the owner for
his loss last year. He has been very
bitter against. .subsoiling, but is now
silent on the subject.
The Patient Flih.
First Fish—How are you getting
along?
Second Fish—No luck at all. The
man at the end of that line is a chump,
or else he's as full as a goat.
First Fish—What's the trouble?
Second Fish- I took the bait off hi3
hook an hour ago, and I've been wait-
ing ever since for him to put some more
on.—Detroit Catholic.
cially during such seasons as the one death. In the process of agriculture,
just past. No doubt it will be neces-
sary to use the blue vitriol and lime
to keep the "brown rot" from spread-
ing where it destroyed considerable
fruit this year, but an important pre-
ventive of decaying crops and to insure
healtbfulness of the trees is that of
well drained orchard soils.—Ex.
Popcorn contains more nitrogen and
phosphates than the regular Indian
corn.
Split the carrots In halves and let
the hens pick at them at will.
by removing crops, we take away a
quantity of these elements, year by
year. If this is continued, and nothing
is returned to the soil, in the course
of time It becomes impoverished. The
supply of plant food is exhausted, and
not enough is changed to an available
form, year by year, to produce a crop.
Land that is "run out" in this way may
still contain large quantities of some
elements of fertility, being deficient
only in a few. By supplying the latter
we may still keep up the fertility of the
land for many years.—Selected.
Demand for Stock Sheep.—The Chi-
cago Drovers' Journal says that the in-
quiry for stock sheep on the range is
almost as strong as at market centers.
'Abundance of feed and other favorable
conditions have made the sheepmen
feel strong in their position and they
are retaining such animals as can be
carried over with profit. On the range
"ambs are bringing nearly twice as
much as a year ago, sales being easy
at the advanced price. All feel safe in
paying a good price for feeders now,
having faith that next spring's market
will justify them by good profits.
Shortage of Good Horses.—Farmers
begin to realize the great shortage of
good horses and to understand that
while we have millions of small, in-
ferior and common horses, the mar-
kets do not want that kind, and to
get into good markets we must begin
and breed up the kind of large, hand-
some coach horses that the city and
export markets want at big prices, and
the quickest way to get into these mar-
kets is to get good mares and breed to
high-class stallions.—Ex.
Cabbage for Fowls.—Cabbage is one
of the very best vegetables to feed to
poultry, as it keeps green a long time,
and the chickens enjoy picking at it.
Hang it up where they can get at R
readily, without i cattering it about or
seiling it.—Ex
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Allan, John S. The Peoples Voice (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 6, No. 24, Ed. 1 Friday, January 7, 1898, newspaper, January 7, 1898; Norman, Oklahoma Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc115804/m1/3/: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.