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COST OF LIVE STOCK RATION IMPORTANT 1
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CONSERVE MOISTURE IN SOIL
Water Moves Uptpa-r.d Until It Reachea
Surface UnleLk Hindered by Some
Kind Of a Mulch.
Anwlck Arthur, Shire Station Foaled 1908.
" I- !r:I i’ ::    • s r
(By W. A. IJENRT and F. 0.MORRf-
SON. University of Wisconsin.)
The most important factei^of.-Sll.
for the farmer who must depend on
the profits from his stock for his in-
come, is the cost of the ration. In se-
curing a ration which provides the
nutrients called for by the standard
and meets the other conditions
viously discussed, lifts a g#«^tfo|^p»rr,'
tunlty for exercising foresight and
business judgment on every farmjj
where animals are fed. The wise'
farmer-feedor will consider the nutri-
ent requirements of his animals in
planning his crop rotations. Through
the use of grain from corn or the
sorghums, legume hay and such cheap
succulence as silage from cOrh 6x the
sorghums, it Is possible In most sec-
tions of the country to go far toward
solving the problem of providing a
well-balanced, economical ration.
The feeds selected for any animal
Should be such that they will not in-
jure its health or tho quality of the
product yielded. Feeds which are
suited to one class of farm animals
may not be adapted to others. Again,
a given feed may give satisfactory re-
sults when combined with certain
other feeds, yet in other combina-
tions It may prove unsatisfactory. A
few examples of such conditions are,
furnished in the following: J3ott<}n-'
seed meal in moderate amoum ift yn;
excellent feed for cattle, Bheep, and
horses, yet it is so frequently poison-
ous to pigs that feeding tho meal, as
at present prepared, to these animals
cannot be advised. Whllo there is
always danger from using feeds dam-
aged by mold, such material may
often be eaten by Rattle when it would
'poison 'horscb or shftep. Timothy hay,
which is the standard fbughage for
the horse, is unsatisfactory for thd
dairy cow, and may cause serious
,D trouble with sheep on account of its
'^qjj^jtipating effect.
^.Feeding co^ii beqjvy allowance
ot f r
pcuniB    —
jround and soy beans produces un-
duly soft- DUtter, while an excess of
"pOcdanut meal makes the butter too
'hard.’ Peanuts and soy beans produce
soft lard when forming too large a
part of the ration of fattening pigs.
It is often highly beneficial to add
wheat bran or linseed., meal to the
ration on account of their slightly
laxative effect. On the other hand,
when animals are already receiving
such laxative feeds as silage, pasture
grass, and legume hay, the use of
bran or linseed meal may be unwise.
With the horse and with young
Tuminants the ration must contain
some roughage to distend the diges-
tive tract properly. Furthermore, for
the best results the proportion qf.con-
centrates and roughage in the ration
should be regulated according to the
kind and class of animal to be fed
and the results sought. Cattlo, sheep,
and horses can be wintered satisfac-
torily on roughages ald.no, if of suit-
able quality. Even brood sows may
be maintained chiefly on legume hay,
when not suckling their young. In
the rations for growing and fattening
animals and those at work or in milk,
a considerable part of the ration
should consist of concentrates.
It is of little use to store water un-
less means and methods are taken to
conserve it. Water moves upward um
til it reaches the surface unless hin-
dered by a surface mulch or con-
sumed by the plant roots. If tha wa-
fer is permitted to come to the sur-
face, it is lost by evaporation. The
amount wasted through evaporation
alone amounts to more under ordinary
methods than is consumed by the
plant. The~'waste can be prevented
by forming a surface mulch. Capil-
lary attraction takes place only when
the soil particles are in close prox-
imity or, in other words, when the
soil is reasonably compact. The proc-
ess of forming a. mulch disengages the
particles, thereby hindering evapora-
tion. After the mulch is formed, it
permitted to stand for a protracted
period the soil particles naturally re-
adjust themselves and evaporation
again takes place., Therefore, In cul-
tivating crops, a mulch should bo
formed quite often, even though no
rain falls. It should'also be renewed
very soon after a rain, for as soon as
the surface cracks, escape chimneys
form.
In semfarid regions summer fallow-
ing Is practiced. Ry summer fallowing
we mean raising a crop only every
other year The procedure is to plow
the ground and harrow or disk it from
time to time, thus conserving the
moisture for one year. Hoed crops,
especially corn and potatoes, should
be harrowed as soon as the. seed Is
planted’ and subsequently harrowed
until the plant has attained a growth
of three or four Inches. The ground
should then be cultivated from time
to time until the crop Is nearly ma-
tured unless there are frequent lalns.
The mulch should be kept up*ln corn
even when the ears are forming by
running a one-horse mulch harrow be-
tween the rows, for at that time the
crops need a great deal of moisture.
WHEAT GROWN AFTER FALLOW
QUALIFICATIONS OF
HENS FOR BREEDING
Foundation of Success in Poultry
Keeping Is Ability to Rear
Vigorous Chicks.
$
icT
A most pernicious idea appears to
be gaining ground in regard to the
qualifications of a hen for breeding.
The number of eggs she will lay is
apparently the only passport to the
breeding pen, regardless of develop-
ment or constitution. By all means let
us have the jjrolihc hens for this pur-
pose, but let Hil kfte. to It that they are
otherwise qhdliflod. 0 ^
The fo^ndatldtf ef success in poul
try keepipg/is ability. $<* hatch, an
rear ftrdrig, Virile chickens,1 an
these ban 'ohly; result'-' Worn strong,
well-develo|>^d ard well-bared-for par-
ents. Thta' ^iho "ttpplloa **■ the subse-
quent egg flMhofclon. Therefore It
follows fliaiif a hen Is weedy and run
down she is not a fit subject for
breeding, no matter how many e^gs
ehe lias laid. But it does not follow
that a good layer should be discard-
ed as a breeder. That would bo go-
ing to the other extreme, but what
should be insisted upon is bodily do
velopment of sufficient proportions
and strength to Indicate a breeder of
robust stock.
INTERESTING HINTS
ON CALF BREEDING
Heavier Calves Produced From
Cows in Their Prime, Accord-
ing to English Test.
•> ~
TESTS OF COST OF
MILK PRODUCTION
Study Made by Cornell (N. Y.)
Experiment Station With
834 Cows in 53 Herds.
Results of Experiments Conducted at
Rothamsted Station—Much De-
pends on Nitrates Remaining.
From a study made by the Cornell
(N.    Y.) experiment station of the
costs Incident to milk production for
834 dairy cows with full year's records
In 53 dairy herds In Jefferson county.
N. Y., It was found that 7 of the 53
herds, comprising 97 cows, were kept
at a loss of $1,335.71.
On the basis of net cost and actual
receipts, 161 cows, or 19 per cent ot
the total number, caused a loss to
their owners of $1,799.87, or $11.18 per
-cow*. The', average production was
6,621 pounds of milk and 241 pounds
of milk fat. Tho milk was produced
at a net cost of l.?l cents, and the
milk fat at 33.3 cents per pound.
The average selling price of the
milk was 1.52 cents per pound, and
tho net profit per cow was $20.39. The
net cost per cow was $80.24 and the
receipts were $100.63. The average
cost of feed per cow was $51.57 and
the labor cost $23.12. Tho average
cost of delivering 100 pounds of milk
2.14 miles was 11.7 cents. The profit
from qows yielding 10,000 pounds of
milk a year was 51 per cent greater
than from those yielding 6,000 pounds.
At the Rothamsjed experiment sta-
tion in England wheat has been grown
continuously and also alternating with
fallow for 58 years. The records ol
the station have the following to say
regarding the work:
“It will be seen that tha produo
tlon of wheat after fallow is high-
er than when It is grown continuously
17.1 bushels against 12.7 bushels pel
acre; but If reckoned as produo
tlon over the whole area, half In crof
and half fallow, the whole area grow*
much less of both grain and straw
than where the crop is grown year
after year on the same land. A given
area of land would therefore be mors
productive when cropped every year
than If the crop were alternated with
fallow. The superior yield of the por-
tlon in crop after a fallowing may in
some degree be attributed to the
greater freedom from weeds, but id
the main it Is due to the production
of nitrates from the humus of the soli
during the summer when it Is fallow,
a process which Is much stimulated
by the stirring If receives and the con-
sequent aeration. Tho success of a fal-
lowing depends upon these nitrates re-
maining for the succeeding crop. They
may be entirely washed to by heavy
autumnal rain.’’
PREPARING LAND FOR WHEAT
Use of Roller, Following the Plow,
Not Only Pulverizes Soli, but Also
Compacts It.
COVERED SHED FOR
STOCK GAINS FAVOR
In a dry spell the roller and harrow
should follow the plow closely In
preparing land for wheat. The roller
not only pulverizes but compacts the
ground and gives that firm, fine soed-
bed so essential for a good stand of
wheat.
When rains are frequent and the
soli contains plenty of moisture it is
not so essential to use the roller and
harrow every day and finish at night
all the land that has been plowed. It
may be of some advantage to let it
dry out a little, but In most cases It
Is a mistake to wait many days before
putting on the roller The roller brings
the soil particles closely together and
allows the bacteria, which are con-
stantly at work, to become more active
and thus put the seedbed in better
condition for the wheat plants.
——
From careful records taken of 19
Shorthorn cows it was found by an
English agricultural society that the
average gestation periods of cows
bearing bull calves was 288.91 days;
of cows bearing belter calves 283.75
days. The longest period In the
former was 297 days, and tho short-
est period 280 days; in the latter 293
and 274. The average weight of the
bull calves was 89.45 pounds; that of
the heifer 82.5 pounds. It was found
that the longer the period the heavier
the calf in each case.
It was noted that the heavier calves
are produced from cows In their
prime; that Is, ranging from five to
seven years of age; after that age the
calves appear to become smaller at
birth. It is thought safe to take an
average of 285 days as the period ot
gestation and 84 pounds as the av-
erage weight of a Shorthorn calf at
birth.
To Obtain Best Results Cement
Floor Should Be Provided-
Shelter for Animals.
TURNING COVER CROP UNDER
One of the roost popular methods of
caring for manure Is the covered
shed. To obtain the best results the
shed should be provided with a ce-
ment floor Inclined at each end to
allow a spreader to be run In at one
end and out at tho other; the sides
should be sufficiently high to contain
all the manure to be stored.
The manure should be placed evenly
over the floor, and that from horses,
cattle, sheep and hogs mixed to pre-
vent, as far as possible, aerobic fer-
mentation, and consequent loss of ni-
trogen. The cattle in the yard should
be allowed to trample over It and it
may be worked over by the hogs with-
out much danger of loss.
In addition to being a storehouse
for manure, the shed furnishes a shel-
ter for farm animals which will com-
pact the manure so that the aerobic
fermentation responsible for the loss
of nitrogen will be largely prevented.
Much Depends on Soil, Weather Con-
ditions and Crop to Follow—
Planting Corn After Clover.
The state at which a cover crop
should be turned under depends upon
the soil, weather conditions and the
crop that Is to follow. Where corn Is
to be planted on crimson clover land,
the clover should be turned under just
when the bloom begins to appear. The
crop at this stage will contain about
the maximum amount of plant food.
Besides, It will decay much more read-
ily than If permitted to reach full ma-
turity. It may be necessary to turn
the clover under a little earlier, in
order to get the corn planted at the
proper tlmo.
tg
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Nothing Doing.
"Can I sell you a copy of the latest
sdltion of the unabridged dictionary?
.t is a work that should be in every
some.”
“Does it contain any words that
ire not in the older editions?”
"Thousands of them.”
“Then I don’t want It in my home.
Hy wife has quite enough words at
Her command as it is.”
In tho Swim.
"Your daughter Is studying art, I
tear. Is she making any progress?”
‘Oh, yes. She has been invited to
Ihe annual frolic of the Illustrators
ind has a bid to the Art Students’
league costume party.”
Magic Washing Stick
ThU la something new to housewives—
fomethlng they have wanted all their lives,
but never could get before. It makes it poa*
lible to ilo the heaviest, hardest waahln* in
eas than one*half the time it took by old
nethixl*, and It eliminates alt rubbing and mus-
jular effort. No washing machine is needed.
Nothing but thlo simple little preparation,
Corroborated.
“Tell me noo, Jamie, what was the
most wonderful thing you saw at
sea?”
"I think the strangest thing I ever
saw was the flying fish.”
“Noo, laddie, dinna mak’ a fule o’
yer mlther. Wha ever heard o’ a fish
fleein’?”
“Another strange thing I saw when
crossing the Red sea. We dropped an-
chor, and when we raised it again
there was one of the wheels of Pha-
raoh’s chariot entangled on It.”
“Aye, laddie, I believe that. We’ve
scripture for that.”—London Tit-Bits.
Just It.
"I see by the papers old Tompkins
has failed for half a ifiillion.”
“Why, I had no idea he had half so
much.”
“He didn’t.”
Nothing but this simple little preparotl.
which Is absolutely hamlei. Is Ills flue,! fabric.
white, colored or woolen. It makes the
Hardest task of the week a pleasant pastime-—
% delightful occupation. You will be de-
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jlothea that come out ot the rinsing water}
sod all without any effort on your part. The
Magic Washing Stick does N aN—and remember,
without injury to the most delicate goods,
colored or white, woolens, blankets, lace cur-
tains, etc. Contains no acids, no alkalies, no
poisonoifs ingredients to make lie use dan-
gerous. II washtaga 25 casta.
Bold by all Druggists and Grocers •▼W*
where. If yours doesn’t handle it, *»how him
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•tamps to A. •. 1UCHAR0S CO., Stwnsts, Tsui.
DISTRIBUTOR*
Williamson-Halsell-Frazier Co.
Oklahoma City, Guthrie, Elk City,
Cbickasha, Shawnee and Altos.
Bugs.
“Isn’t tills awful!” exclaimed Mrs.
Gabb as she looked up from her news-
paper.
“Isn’t what awful?” demanded Mr.
Gabb.
“Why, here’s a woman who com-
plains that the Insane asylum is filled
with bugs,” replied Mrs. Gabb.
“Well,” growled Mr. Gabb, “what’s
the blame place for, anyway?”
Wise Beyond His Years.
Teacher (of geography class)—
Johnnie, how Is the earth divided?
Johnnie—Nobody will know until
the European war is over.
Duck Feeding.
Don’t try to raise ducklings on
whole wheat, cracked corn, or com-
mercial chick feeds. If used at all,
these feeds should be welt cooked, for,
ordinarily, ducks do not consuma
enough grit to grind dry grain.
When a man tells a widow that she
is the only woman he ever loved she
takes it with a pound of salt.
For genuine comfort snd lasting pleas-
ure use Red Cross Ball Blue on wash day.
All good grocers. Adv.
No* Gray Hairs bo* Tired Eye#
make ua look older than wo are. Keep your
Eyes young and you will look young. After
ths Movies always Murine Your Eyas—
Don’t tell your age.
Another Slap.
Sarcastlcus (to friend who is ex-
hibiting his new 4d car)—Cute little
thing! I suppose you wash it in the
sink.
There is room for everybody in this
big world—but we cau’t all have front
rooms.
Made since 1846—Hanford’s Balsam.
Adv.
The man who is an expert with the
garden hoe seldom plays golf.
DON’T GAMBLE
that your he&rt’a all right. Make
sure. Take “Renovine”—a heart and
nerve tonic. Price 50c and $1.00.—Ady.
A man must make his way to the
world, while « woman merely has her
way.    •
For obstinate
Balaam. Adv.
gore* nee Hanford’s
Don’t ask a truthful man for hie
honest opinion of you unless you are
prepared, for a Jolt.
For sprained wrist rub on and rub in
Hanford’s Balsam thoroughly. Adv.
A woman’s greatest need in life ie
love.
Stop That Backache!
There’s nothing more discouraging
than a constant backache. You are
lame when you awake. Pains piefree you
when you bend or lift. It’s hard to rest
and next day it’s the same old story.
Pain in the back is nature’s warning of
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to dropsy, gravel, or other serious kid-
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W. N. Ua Oklahoma City, No.