The Lexington Leader (Lexington, Okla.), Vol. 32, No. 9, Ed. 1 Monday, July 10, 1922 Page: 3 of 8
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the lexington leader
\ .
CIRCUIT WITH GRID
LEAK RESISTANCE
Takes Place of "C" Battery-
How Impedance of Flow
Is Determined.
Fig. 18 shows a set of curves for
a three-electrode vacuum tube circuit
containing a grid leak resistance as
shown In Fig. 11 Instead of a "C"
battery with the same symmetrical
alternating difference of potential ap-
plied to the grid circuit.
There being no "C" battery poten-
tial applied to the grid, the grid in
Klg. 11 Is normally at zero potential
with respect to the filament. As the
positive half of the first cycle of the
alternating difference of potential Is
impressed upon the grid circuit—see
Fig. 13—the grid is made positive
would soon collect a sufficient nega-
tive charge to reduce the plate cur-
rent to zero and the tube would cease
to function.
A grid leak having ton low resist-
ance will not allow a sufficiently high
negative charge to collect on the grid,
resulting in a very small plate cur-
rent reduction and weak response in
the telephone receiver#.
On the other hand, if the grid leak
Is of too high resistance, too high
negative charge will collect on the
grid and the condition of no grid leak
will be approached.
In any electrical circuit that has
a difference of potential applied fo
It, the current that will (low depends
upon the "Impedance" of that circuit;
just as in the flow of water through
a pipe, the quantity of water that
>viN flow when any given pressure
Is applied depends upon how much
the flow through the pipe is Impeded
by the friction of the particles of
water against the sides of the pipe
and against one another.
In the electrical circuit, the rela-
tion between these three quantities
Is that the current which will flow
is equal to the applied differences of
potential divided by the Impedance,
where the current Is In amperes, the
applied difference of potential is in
volts and the Impedance In ohins. On
Domeloivn
THelpsT
APPUCD
GR.io PCTCNTIAI.
, . C*AR6C ON GRID £
I-A WITH RESPECT 1
To TluAxttNT |
REDUCTION IN
oi.att current
Motion or
r.ccciver
Diaphram
with respect to the filament. Being
positive with respect to the filament,
causes a certain number of electrons,
which are negative charges, to be
attracted and caused to give up their
negative charges to the grid. During
the next or negative halfvof the cycle
of the applied grid potential the grid
is made negative with respect to the
filament but does not lose the elec-
trons again. Thus a negative charge
Is built up on a grid during the posi-
tive portion of each cycle, the cumu-
lative effect of which is to produce a
decrease of the plate current, during
the period that the alternating differ-
ence of potential called a wave train
Is applied to the grid.
After the alternating difference of
potential applied to the grid has
ceased, the grid does not Immediately
lose its negative charge. The grid
leak forms a high resistance path for
the negative charge of the grid to
leak off down to the filament slowly,
if no grid leak were used, the grid
Time
GRID POUNTIM.
Tl1« ron
CMAPtCC TO
lcak0m6rid
HAVE STAKE IN COMMUNITY
Home-Owning Citizens Feel Responsi-
bility of Their Position and Gov-
ern Themselves Accordingly.
I It almost without saying that
( home ownership is by fJir tbtf most
, valuable adjunct to government and
: that the former is a tremendous power
in stabilizing the latter. The nomad
j constantly desires change, because
| wherever he pitches his t« nt he.con
j skiers himself to be at home. On the
| other hand, the responsible property
j owner abhors nothing so much as
| change, because his hearth is not one
I which can be moved and which would
be the last thing he would wish to se*4
affected. The elassie illustration,
which has been used before this by
many writers, is that of Alexander's
conquest of Persia; this country was
a constant source of Civil war and
rebellion until, acting upon the advice
of one of the philosophers attached
to his court, Alexander saw to it that
the Persians became a nation of shop-
keepers, which in turn caused them to
set tip permanent dwellings and ulti-
mately to become the most peaceful
and law-abiding citizens. The irre-
sponsible cowboy was inclined In the
old days to shoot-up frontier towns,
since If the neighborhood became too
hot for him he could simply pull up
stakes and "drift" to some other part
of the country; nobody to my know!*
edge in those days ever heard of a
substantial ranchman being guilty of
that sort of conduct.—Exchange.
The Young Mother.
"pEE ILLS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN should be so well known to the
youngest of mothers that a reminder or a repetition of the symptoms of illness
seems unnecessary, yet there are some mothers who overlook a feverish condition,
a little colic, or a disposition to be irritable. If not corrected they may lead to
serious sickness. And to correct them, to bring Baby back to its happy self, is
so easy by the use of Castoria—a medicine prepared just for infants and children.
It will regulate the bowels (not force them), aid digestion and so bring quiet and rest
Fletcher's Castoria has been doing this for over 30 years; regulating the
stomach and bowels of infants and children. It has replaced the nauseating Castor
Oil, so-called Soothing Syrups, poisonous Paregoric and other vicious concoctions
in the homes of true and honest mothers mothers who love their children.
Those mothers will give their babies foods and medicines especially prepared
for infants and children.
Children Cry For
SNet Contents 15 Fluid Drachm
transposing this equation the imped-
ance is equal to the applied voltage
divided by the current. 'Hie Imped-
ance of a vacuum tube plate circuit,
internally between the filament and
the plate, when the grid is at zero
potential, is an Important constant of
a vacuum tube and is called the in-
ternal plate Impedance.
The Internal grid Impedance of a
vacuum tube used in a radio set as
a detector determines the Impedance
of the telephones that will give best
results when connected in the plate
circuit of that particular tube.
It !s then not only the resistance of
a pair of telephones, but also the In-
ductance and the distributed capacity
of the winding that cause the maxi-
mum current to flow In the telephones
for a given change in grid potential
The internal plate impedance of a
vacuum tube varies only slightly witk
different plate voltage, it Is more an
inherent characteristic of the tube
which Is determined by the design.
NEW RADIO FILTER A MARVEL
Campbell Device That Ssparates Tele-
phone and Telegraph
Messages.
Although much has been said and
written about the remarkable filters
employed by the telephone lines and
by advanced, radio workers for the
separation of telephone und telegraph
messages, says the Scientific Aineri
can, it remained for Dr. Frank
11. Jewett, chief engineer of the West-
ern Electric company, to demonstrate
how the filter permits of transmitting
radio telephone and telegraph mes-
sages simultaneously, and of separating
these messages at the receiving end,
at a meeting of the American Insti-
tute of Electrical Engineers.
The present electrical filter is the
invention of Dr. G. A. Campbell, a
telephone engineer, and makes it pos-
sible to separate the various frequen-
cies at which tbe individual tele-
phone and telegraph messages are car-
ried. The detected electrical curreut
In a radio receiving set Is passed
through the filter which separates the
frequencies of the telegraph message
from those of the telephone.
The filter differs materially from the
ordinary tuned circuits familiar to the
radio enthusiast, since it separates not |
single frequencies but bands of fre- i
quencies of any predetermined width.
The filter makes it possible to sep-
arate the band of frequencies com-
prising the telephone message from the
band comprising the telegraph mes-
sage. It can also separate one tele-
phone message from another.
******
SPARKS
WORK WITH DEFINITE OBJECT
Real Estate Men Have Right Idea in
Their Advocacy of Zoning Sys-
tern for Cities.
The value and the salability of real
estate depends upon what? Mostly
upon the skill with which it Is subdi-
vided ; upon the transportation facili-
ties, fiie utilities and the street system
which serve it ; upon the parks and
recreation facilities available to it; up-
on Its outlook; upon the business and
social wealth, and producing capacity
to tbe community; and upon the pro-
tection given it against offensive use
of neighboring property, says Jacob L.
t'rane Jr., zoning and city planning
engineer and adviser on zoning for the
Chicago Itenl Estate board.
The last of these factors is con
trolled by zoning. All Ihe others may
lie controlled very largely by city plan
nlng, which deals with all of these
tilings in a definite anil comprehensive
way. The real estate business, there
fore, like all other business, to a large
degree depends on the results of city
planning, whenever It is taken up
This explains why real estate men are
so vitally interested in the subject, and
why they are usually the first ones to
support city planning and zoning proj
ects.
ALCOHOL" 3 PER CENT.
AVetfelablc PreparationfbrAi j
! similatin^theFood by Rc^Jula-1
; tints the Stcwuufe and Bo**1*" j
Thereby Promoting Digestion
Chectfnlnws and RcstCootato
neither Opium, Morphine nor
Mineral. Not Narcotic
T*^.*snU/lr£LYLWfnJllS
JbofaAr fa*
HLw M
A helpful Remedy tor
Constipation awl Diarrtioe*
and Feverisbness and
Loss of SLEEP
resi/ttin$ ftercfrom mu"anv
Simile 5.ijnatw«of
XB* GWTAimGoWAK*'-
yjgW YORK.
A Word About Truth.
"Great Is Truth, and mighty above all things." So Bays the Old
Testament, yet it is equally true to-day. Truth show# do favors,
fears no enemies.
From the inception of Fletcher's Castoria, Truth has been tha
watchword, and to the conscientious adherence to this motto in tha
preparation of Fletcher's Castoria as well as in its advertising is due
ihe secret of its popular demand.
All Imitations, all substitutes, all just-as-good preparations lack
the element of Truth, lack the righteousness of being, lack all sem-
blance even in the words of those who would deceive.
And you I Mothers, mothers with the fate of the World In your
hands, can you be deceived? Certainly not.
Fletcher's Castoria is prepared for Infants and Children. It is
distinctly a remedy for the little-ones. The BABY'S need for a med-
icine to take the place of Castor Oil, Paregoric and Soothing Syrups
was the sole thought that led to its discovery. Never try to correct
BABY'S troubles with a medicine that you would use for yourself.
MOTHERS SHOULD HtAO THE BOOKLET THAT IS AROUND EVERY BOTTLE OF FLETCHER'# CASTORIA
GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS
Bears the Signature of
Exact Copy of Wrapper
"Ground Antennae."
Some relief from bothersome radio
"strays" In summertime can be ob-
tained with sets having good ampli-
fiers by using a "ground antennae."
This is a long Insulated wire run In
a shallow trench or on the surface of
the ground. Tbe ground wire should
be run in the direction of the station
from which the most signals are to be
received, and should preferably be sev-
eral hundred feet long.
To Regulate Wave Lengths.
A variable condenser when properly
connected In the antenna circuit may
be used either- to lengthen or
shorten the -vave length range. Be-
sides this, the degree of regulation Is
much finer, for at best the loading
coil can tune in only to within a single
turn, If a loading coil of the tuning
coll type is use«f
When our concerts come over
ihe "wired-wlreless" and we
plug into the lamp socket, light
music will be given added pop-
ularity.
The railroads recently broad-
casted a safety message from sta-
tion# in Pittsburgh, Chicago,
Newark and Springfield, Mass.,
calling attention to the fact that
84,OOO people have been killed
or injured the last year in this
country while trespassing on
railroad property.
If you do not know the code
and wish to receive messages,
there is a device on the market
at the present time which
records the Incoming signals on
a piece of paper. The paper
may lie then read at the will of
the operator. This method
gives the person unacquainted
with the code tbe privilege of
hearing from stations which
would otherwise pass over In
the usual "buzz, buzz," style so
unintelligible to the radiophone
fans.
While lying In the harbor of
Iquique, Chile, on the west
coast of South America, the
radio operator of the steamship
Santa i.uisa clearly heard the
entire broadcast program of
Station WJZ. The distance
separating Newark's station
from the steamship in an air
line was 4,000 miles.
As a result of the widespread
Interest in wireless telephony
one manufacturer has brought
out a set of six double-faced
records for teaching the tele-
graph code. Many persons, af-
ter listening fo the radio-tele
phone concerns, have tuned in
and heard the familiar "buzz,
buzz" of the wireless telegraph
messages being sent. Curious
to know the meaning of the
sounds they have cast about for
some means of learning the
code phonograph records.
The Canadian government is
considering the question of the
amateur radio field. Present
plans are to allow the amateur
using spark transmission a
wave length up to 200 meters,
while those using continuous
wave transmission would he
permitted a wave length up to
250 meters.
Aim to Prevent Fire Loss.
bet the city fire department be a>
efficient as Is that of the district.
There still remains much for the av-
erage citizen to do in preventing lire
After all. prevention is better than
cure In this matter, as in all others
Even as modern medicine is eominf
around to a serious campaign through
out the nation to prevent illness, rath
er than cure It after it occurs, so a
city may campaign strenuously to pre
vent fires before they break out.
The responsibility of the Individual
man, woman or child, therefore, Is t lit
crux of Ihe matter. Until, through ed
uniting the public In every way pos
sible to the necessity of such preven
tlon, Ihe average person is made to be
always on Ihe watch for incipient
fires and actively thinking about them
! a community is not true to itself alon^
! these lines.
What greater absurdity, for in
i stance, than allowing a carelessly
I thrown match t.o set fire to a great
j building and then calling out half the
| fire-fighting equipment of a city, when
. the active thought of the man win
threw the match might have prevent
ed the whole thing?—Washington
Slar.
10 Cents
Modern Chemistry.
Certain changes in the character of
wood which normally take place only
after many years of drying are, by a
new chemical process, produced with-
in 24 hours. Thereafter, when the
moisture that may stll! he left has
Gives Cheerful New Color Tone to Old Curtains
PUTNAM FADELESS DYES—dyes or tints as you wish
evaporated, the wood becomes harder
and more durable lban by the aging
process.
To I'ultlvate a genial face one
should get himself placed on a solicit-
ing committee.
it is a wise proverb that hasn't got
a crack in It.
'Ilils is Die season for banging—on
the front gate.
Kaintliness Is measured by service.
Schools Use Busses.
There are 12,000 schools in the Oni-
I ted States now using busses to trans-
I port their pupils. The day of the lit-
tle red schoolhouse is numbered. Con-
solidated or community schools are
taking their place because of the In-
creased educational facilities and
standard permitted by pooling of ap-
propriations. Better buildings, better
equipment, better Instruction are the
immediate result. But with consoli-
dation comes the factor of distance,
so busses were the answer and this
j form of transportation is making good
j for better education.—Prom Federal
Traffic News.
Teeth-Grinding and Adenoids.
Among 2,395 collected cases of ade- j
noid growths, Benjamins states grind-
ing the teeth was mentioned in 801
cases. Out of 1,791 personal cases
Benjamins found: Snoring, 1,085
times; Impaired of hearing, 908 times;
catarrh of the upper air passages, 873
times; grinding the teeth, 018 times;
aprosexla (inability to concentrate the
mind), 506 times; enuresis, 4G2 times.
Removal of the adenoids does not,
however, always give relief from these
symptoms
2 or 3 Cans of
Baking Powder
Are Not Worth the Price of One
If they are the "big can and cheap" kind
because they may mean baking failures
THAT'S WHY
CALUMET
The Economy BAKING POWDER
Is thebiggest selling brand in the world
Don't let a BIG CAN
or a very low price mis-
lead you.
Experimenting with an
uncertain brand is ex-
pensive — because it
WASTES time and
money.
BEST BY TEST
The World's Greatest Baking Powder
35=5^
. T MA DC BY A TMUfl
totrrtwstt*
SB?
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Denison, Mrs. E. A. The Lexington Leader (Lexington, Okla.), Vol. 32, No. 9, Ed. 1 Monday, July 10, 1922, newspaper, July 10, 1922; Lexington, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc110966/m1/3/: accessed April 24, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.