The Lexington Leader. (Lexington, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 1, No. 38, Ed. 1 Saturday, December 19, 1891 Page: 2 of 4
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LEXINGTON LEADER.
W. F. LANEV, Proprietor.
LFX lNGTO>r, OK TY
Tnr mutual tolernnco find forbear-
ance of life are ns greatly the secret of
happiness in marriugo as in anything
also. Wo havo to tolorato unpleas-
ant thing's in our compnnians in any
relation of lifo; and why try to build
up a law of marriage in any other
way?
m'c
the senate and house of represent* ,
Rise botiines in the morning and
go oarly to rest, that the body may be
preservod in health; lot your first re-
flection be, how short aro the hours
before you—it devoted to bushiest
study, social enjoyment, or other ra-
tional recreation, and then find time
if you can to indulgo in spleen and ill-
humor.
As the greyhound cannot outstep his
shadow, nor (by a moro appropriate
similo) the eagle outsqnr the atmos-
phere in which ho floats, and by which
alone he may bo supported, so the
mind cannot transcond that sphoro of
limitation within nnd through which
exclusively the possibility of thought
is realized. ,
If tho nobility of Europe aro going
to marry all tho American girls oI
this country tho native Amorican man
Ingoing to sufTor. It is a strange sign
of tho leniency, mercy nnd forgiving
power of women tfiat they will fro.
quently marry into noble families '
without hesitation. Even tho most I
charitablo Yankees of tho other box 1
find this quite impossible and if they !
can't have American girls thoy will
die forlorn bachelors.
The danger from immigration
arises first from the coming of the
vicious, tho idle, the helpless and the
ignorant Tho ignorant may learn
after their arrival if they will Tho
helpless at tho worst can but requiro ]
to be Buppprted and the idle can bo '
mado to work. But the vicious, thoso I
who believo that our liberty and free- j
dom means froedom from the restrnint
of law and liberty to follow the guid-
ance of all that their evil natures may
suggest and to prey upon their follow
mon whenever an opportunity may
oiler, they aro the ones who are a dan- |
ger to society and a monaco to our in- j
stitutions.
It is characteristic of modorn uni-
versity methods to carry examining
facilities to tho homes of prospective
students. Tho tlmo was whon matri-
culants, orwoalil-bo matriculants, had
to journey to some university contor to
have thoir papers examlnod. All this
has been done away with, and examin-
ation conters have been established In
all tho principal cities of tho union.
The wisdom of such u course is easily
understood whon it is known that let-
ters of Inquiry from prospective stu-
dents come from ovory stato in tho
union. It is by laying broad and deep
tho foundation of a now soat of learn-
ing that tho right kind of future devel-
opment is p^ssurod.
SurrosE that 6,000,000 workors aro
kept busy in a single nation to earn a
living for thomsolves and 2,000,00i> ol
idle soldiers. It i9 easily imagin ibU
that thoy must toll nearly ovory work-
ing day In tho yoar to do so; and . 00
days for each of thoin would amount
to a total of 1,000,000,000 days' work.
Then imagino that tho 2,000,000 sol-
diers aro at liberty to do part of the
work. Tho amount required to,y,ri>-
(feyjo the same sustenance fojciho total
as befoVo is nOVchUn^od; but there are
8,000,000 mon to do it, and 225 days'
work for each man. all that Is needed
to supply tho total with tho same living
ns they had boforo. lu other words,
the result, oven If there wore no gen-
eral incroaso of praduotlon, would be
relief for the workers of oxaotly one-
fourth of thoir present labor.
It is clear, so tho groat dootors ol
tho world agroe, that tho death rati
of largo communities may bo reduced
much below that at which it has boon
wont to stand; that the average dura-
tion of life may be made to approxi-
mate nearer to the allotted four-score, ?
and tho conditions of living may bo j
greatly ameliorated. Tho chlof obsta-
cles to improvement have been igno-
rance and want of belief. A better '
knowledge of the laws of life nnd
health, a more rational comprehension
of tho nature and causes of disease,
aro gradually but eurely entailing im- |
proveroent in the conditions of living j
nnd in the value of life, and the dimi-
nution and mitigation, if not ext(no-
tion, of morbid conditions which have
in past times proved so injurious or ;
destructive to life.
TriEHE are two ways of regarding
fche question of charity. One is to
recognize in it an ugly necessity—-a
tax upon the rich and the provident
for the benefit of the poor and improv-
ident. And the other is the broader,
philanthropical, even Christian, atti-
tude of doing what seems right by the
sick, unfortunate and incapable, and
so doing it us to materially benefit
both tho receiver and giver. It is
folly to affirm that, the impoverished
havo all attained that condition by |
nets for which they themselves are re-
sponsible, just as It is equally foolish
to say that all the more fortunate have
become so by habits of thrift self-de-
nial and foresight Indeed, in the dis-
pensation of charity it is not right to
make discriminations. It is a grave
fault of much that we term charitable
^rork that any such phrase as • the do*
risy poor" should be employed.
?he reports of tho heads of the sorer*)
{■Meutivo departments, required by law
10 be submitted to mo, which uro hero,
[with transmitted, nnd tho reports of the
jpeoretaiy of tho treasury and tho attorney
general mado directly to cougrcss, furnish
a comprehensive riew of tho adiuiuistra-
live work of the last ilscal yoar relating
Re in i em ol affairs. It would bo of great
Advantage If these roporls could have un
attentive porusal by every member of con-
gress and by all who take an interest in
public affairs. Such a perusal could not
jfail to excite a higher appreciation of the
.•vast labor and conscientious efforts which
are given to tho conduct of our civil ad-
Im.uistration.
j The reports will, I believe, show that
orery cuestion has been approached, con.
»idorou and decided from the utandpoint of
Ipublio duty and upon considerations af-
Tooting tho public interosts alone. Again
I invite to every branch of tho service the
|att'jutlon and scrutlng of congress.
1 Tbo worlt of tho state department dur-
ing the last year lias been characterized
Iby an unusual uumbor of important nogo-
ftiations and by diplomatic results of a
botable and highly beneficial character.
WLmong these uro the reciprocal trado ar-
rangements whiclt havo been concluded, in
(the exercise of tho powers conferred by
feotlon 8 of tho tariff law, with tho repub-
lic of.Brasil, with Spain,for its West India
possessions, and with Sau Domingo. Like
Siegotlutions with other countries havo
pecn much advanced, and It is hoped that
foeforo tho eloso of tho year further defini-
tive trudo arrangements of groat vuluc
will be concluded.
The Settling Difficulty.
In view of tho reports which had been
received as to tho diminution of the seal
herds iu tbo Bohring soa, 1 doomed it wise
to propose to her majesty's government in
February last that an agreement for a
.closed season should bo made, pending tho
.negotiations for arbitration, which then
seemed to bo approaching a fa vera bio cou-
jcluslon. After much correspondence and
delays, for which this government was
not responsible, an agreement was reached
and signed on the 15th of dune, by which
;ureat Britain undortook from that date
and until May 1, 1&92 to prohibit the kill-
ing by her subjects of seals iu tho Bohring
soa, and tho government of tho United
.States during tho saino period to
'enforce its oxisting prohibition against
pelagic sealing aud to limit tho cai.ch by tbo
fur seal comoauy upon tho islands to 7,500
skins. If this agreement could nave been
reuchod earlier, in rosponso to tho strenu-
ous endeavors of this government, it
would havo boon mora effective, but
coming as lato as itdid, it unquestionably
resulted in greatly diminishing tho des-
truction of the seals by tho Canadian
seaiers.
I In my last, annual mossago I stated that
the basis of arbitration proposed by I lor
Majesty's sovorumont for tho adjustment
of t lie loug-pendiug controversy as to tho
seal fisheries was not acceptable. 1 am
'glad now to bo able to announco that
terms satisfactory to this government
havo been agreed upon and that an agree-
ment aa to the arbitrators is all that is
necessary to the completion of tho con-
vention. In view of tho advanced posi-
tion which this government has taken up-
on tho subject of international arbitra-
tlon, this renewed expression of our ad-
herence to th's method for the settlement
igf disputes such as havo arisen in the
xjehiiug sea, will I doubt uot, meet with
the concurrence of congress.
Amerloun Meat a In Europe.
The law of tho last congress providing a
system of inspection for our meats in-
tended for export, and clothing tho presi-
dent with power to exclude foreign pro-
ducts from our market iu case tho oountry
sending them should perpetuate unjust
discriminations against any product of tho
United Statos, placed this government iu
a position to effectively urge the removal
Of such discriminations against our meats.
It Is gratifying to bo able to stato that Ger-
many, Denmark, Italy, Austria and France,
in the order namod, havo opened their
Sorts to inspected American pork pro-
ucti. The romoval of thoso restric-
tions in evory instance was asked
for and givon sololv upon tho grouud that
we had now provided a meat inspection
that should be accoptod as adequato to tho
complete removal of tho dangers, real or
funded, whien had boon previously urged.
Tho state department, our ministers
abroad, and tho secretary of agriculture
have co-operated with unflagging and in-
telligent zeal for tho accomplishment of i
this groat result. Tho outlines of an agree-
ment havo boon reached with Germany, 1
looking to equitablo trade concessions In 1
consideration of tho continued free impu-
tation of her sugars, but the time has not
yet arrived whon this corrospoudonve can
be submitted to congress.
The New Orleans Lyncfc'njj,
: The lynching at New Orleans in March
last of eleven men of Italian nativity by a
mob of citizens was a most deplorable and
discreditable incident. It did uot ho wovcr
havo its origin in any general animosity to
tho Italian people, nor in any disrespect to
tho government of Italy, with which rela-
tions were o,f tho most friendly character.
Tho fury of the mob was directed against
thoae men as the supposed partici-
pants or accessories on tho murder of
a city officer. 1 do not allude to this as
mitiguting In any degree this offense
against law aud humanity, but only as af
footing tho international questions which
grew out of it. It was once represented
by tho Italian minister that several of
those whose lives had been taken by the
tuob wore Italiau subjects, and a demand
Was made for tho punishment of tho par-
ticipants and for un indemnity to tho /am-
nios of those who woro killed. It is to bo
regretted that the manner in which these
olaims woro presented was not such
as to promote a calm discussion of tho
questions involved; but this may well bo
attributed to the excitement and indigna-
tion with which tho crime naturally
svokod. Tho views of this government
to its obligations to foroiguors domi-
ciled here were fully statod in tho corre-
spondence, m well as its purpose to make
an investigation of tho affair with a vlow
to determine whothor there wore present
any circumstances that could, under such
hues of duty as wo had Indicated, create
an obligation upon tho United States.
Tho temporary aosencoof a minister pleni-
potentiary at thin capital has retarded tho
further correspondence, but it is not
doubted that a friendly conclusion bat
tainable.
Some ^uegestlrns growing out of this
Unhappy incident are worthy tho attention
of congress, .t would, I bjliovo, bo en-
tirely competent for congress to make
Offenses mrainst tho treaty rights of ;
foreigners domiciled In tho United States
cognizable in the federal court.!. This has
not, however, bo?n dono, and tho federal
officers and courts havo no powor in such
oases to intervene either for the protec-
tion of a foreign citizen or for the punish-
ment of his slayers. It seems to mo to
follow in this stato of law that tho officers
of the stato charged with tho police and
Judicial powers in such cases must, in tho
consideration of national questions, grow-
ing out of such incident*, no regarded In
luch sense us federal agents as to mako
this government answerablo for their acts
iu cases where it. would be answerablo if
the U"1*. d States had used its constitu-
tional power to define and punish crimes
against treaty rights
Tlio TroubTu With Chill.
The civil war iu Chili, which began in
January last, was continued, but, fortu-
nately with infrequent aud not important
armed oollisions until August ^th, whon
the Congressional forces landed near Val-
paraiso and, after a bloody oncairoment,
Captured that city. President Balmoeedu
at onoo recognised that his cause was lost,
and a provisional government was spoedlly
established by tho victorious party. Our
minister was promptly directed to
recognise and put himself iu com-
munication with this government so
soon as it should havo established its de-
facto character, which was done. During
the pendency of this civil contest frequent
indirect appeals woro made to this govern-
ment to extend belligerent rights to tho
insurgents and to give audience to thoir
representatives. This was declined and
v was pursued throughout,
which this government, when wrenched
by civ
wm\l Wilght bereacnodMOUtin this we were
disappointed. Tho collapse of the govern*
ment of Balranceda brought about a con-
dition which is unfortunately too familiar
iu tho history of the Central and South
American States.
With the overthrow of the Balmaceda
government, ho and many of his councillors
und officers became at once fugitives for
thoir lives and appealed to tho command-
ing officers of the foreign naval vessels in
tho harbor of Valparaiso and to the rosl-
dont foreign ministers at Santiago for
asylum. This usylum was freely given,
according to my information, by the naval
vessels of several foreign powers and by
several of his legations at Santiago. The
American minister, as well as his colleagues
acting under the impulses of humanity, ex-
tended asylum to political refugees waoso
lives woro in noril. I havo not been will-
ii• k kj direct tno surrenuerol sucn«>£ tuese
person" as are still in tho American 1 ga-
Uon without sol table conditions.
It is believed that tho government of
Chili is not in a position, in view of tho
precedents with which it has boon con-
nected, to broadly dony tho right of asy-
lum, aud the correspondenco has uot thus
i i' m ted an> ittoU denial The treatment
of our minister for a time was such to call
for a decided protest, and It was very
gratifying to observe that unfriendly
measures, which were undoubtedly the
result of tho prevailing exckomenL were
at once rescinded or suitably relaxed.
On tho 10th of October an event occur-
red in Valparaiso so serious and tragic in
its circumstances and results as to very
Justly excite tho Indignation of our pooulo
and to call for prompt and dccided action
on the part of this government. A con-
sidorr.blo number of the sailors of tho
U. S. S. Baltimore, then in the harbor of
Valparaiso, boing upon shore-leuvo and
unarmed, were assaulted by armed men
nearly simultaneously in different locali-
ties in tho city. One petty officer was
killed outright and seven or oight seamen
were seriously wounded. So fur as I havo
yet been able to learn no other explanation
of this bloody work has been suggested
than that it had its origin in hostility to
thoso men as sailors of tho United States,
wearing tho uniform of their government
and not in any individual uct or
per. onal animosity. Tho attention of tho
Chilian government was at once oaliod to
this affair and a statement of tho facts ob-
tainod by tho investigation wo had con-
ducted was submitted, accompanied by a
request to bo advised of any othor or qual-
ifying facts in tho possession of tno Chilian
government that might tend to roliovo this
affair of tho appearance of an Insult to this
government. The Chilian government was
also advised that if such qualifying facts
did not oxist this government would confi-
dently expoct full and prompt reparation.
It is to bo regretted that tho reply of tho
secretary for foreign Kffs'rs of the pro-
visional government was couched iu an
offensive tono. To this no rosponso has
been mado. This govornmout is now
awaiting tho result of an investigation
which has been conducted by tho criminal
court at Valparaiso. It is reported un-
officially that tho investigation is about
completed, and it is expected that tho re-
sult will soon bo communicated to this
government, together with some adequato
and satisfactory response to tho note by
which tho attention of Chili • -is called to
this Incident. If these just . pcctations
should be disappointed or further needless
delay intervenes, 1 will, by a special mes-
sage, bring this matter a«aln to tho atten-
tion of congress for such action as may bo
necessary.
[The prosldont then refers to tho Oaro-
lino Islands matter and at somo length to
tho Spanish celebration of tho four hun-
dredth anniversary of tho discovery of
America; also to tho boundary lino ques-
tion on tho Mexican frontier. 1
Tho lato outbreak against foreigners in
various parts of tho Chinoso ompiro has
boon a causo of deep concern in view of
tho numerous establishments of our citi-
zens in tho intorlor of that country. This
govornmout can do no loss than insist,
upon a continuance of tho protective and
punitory measures which tho Chinese
government has heretofore applied. No
effort will bo oralttod to protect our citi-
zens peaceably sojourning lu China, but
recent unofficial information indicates that
what was at first regarded as an outbreak
of mob violence against foreigners lias as-
sumed tho larger form of au insurrection
against public order.
Tho Cnineso govornmout has dcolinod to
receive Mr. Blair as tho minister of tho
Unitod States on tho ground that, as a
participant while a senator in the enact-
ment of tho existing legislation p-aiult CuO
introduction of Chinese ) "borers, be has
bocomo unfriendly ami objectionable to
China. I havo felt constrained to point
out to the Chine? o government the unton-
abloness of this position, which seems to
rest as much on tho acceptability of our
legislation as on that of tho person chosen,
''..id which, if admitted, would practically
debar tho selection of any representative
so long as the existing laws remain in
force.
Other Forelgu llolntiong.
The arbitration treaty formulated by
the International American conference
lapsed by reason of tho failure to ex-
change ratifications luily within tho limit
of timo provided; but several of ttie
governments concerned havo oxpro^sod a
desire to savo this important result of tho
conference by au extension of tho period.
It is, iu my Judgment, incuinbout upon the
United States to conserve tho influential
initiative it has taken in this measure by
ratifying tho instrument and bv advo-
cating tho proposed oxtenslou of
the timo for oxcuungo. These views havo
been made known to tho other signa-
tories.
This govornmout hns found occasion to
express, in a friendly spirit, but with much
earnestness, to tho govornmout of tho
czar, its sorious concern because of tho
harsh measures now being enforced against
tho Hebrews in Russia. By the revival of
antl-Semltio laws, long in abeyance, grout
numbers of thoso unfortunate'people have
been constrained to abandon thoir homes
and leave tho empire by reason of tho im-
possibility of finding subsistence within
tho pale to which it is sought
to confine them. Tho immigration
of theso people to tho United Statos
—many othor countries being closed
to them is largely increasing and Is likolv
to assume proportions which mako it diffi-
cult to find homes and employment for
thorn here and to seriously affect tho labor
market. It is ostiinated that over one mil-
lion will be forced from Russia within a
few years. The Hebrew is never a beggar;
he has always kept tho law—life by toil—
often under severe and oppressive civil re-
strictions. It Is also true that no race,
sect or class has moro fully cared for its
own than tho Hebrew race. But the sud-
den transfer of such a multitude, under
conditions that tend to strip them of thoir
small accumulations and to depress thoir
enorgies and courage, is neither good for
thorn nor for us.
li^whethe^b^di Wt ■
•t mcth-
oils, of so largo a number of men and wo-
men Is not a local question. A decree to
loavo ono country is, in tho nature of
things, an order to enter another—somo
other. This consideration, as well as tho
suggestions of humanity, furnishes nruplo
ound for tho rem nstrsnces which we
vo presented to Russia, while our his-
L'ic friendship for that government can*
strenuously insisted upon
ms. [lit
affair. ]
Duriu ' tho progress of tho war in Chill
this govei k nt bv.dered its good offices
tv bun* about a peat etui udjusuinout, aud
u wu at qdm uluia UoiHidi Hurt % aumi i*
tor HipBi
not fail to give tho assurance that our rep.
resentations aro these of a sincere well
wisher.
Surveys for the connoctiug links of the
projected iutor-eontineutal railway are in
progress, not ouly iu Mexico, but nt vari-
ous points along tho course mapped out
Three eurvoyiug parties aro now in tho
field under the direction of tho commis-
sion. Nearlv 1,00J miles of tho proposed
road have been surveyed, including the
most difficult part, that through Equador,
and tho Southern part of Columbia. Tho
reports of tho engineers aro vory satisfac-
tory and show that no insurniouutablo ob-
stacles havo been met with.
Tho doath of King Kalikuain tho United
States, ufforded occasion to testify our
friendship for Hawaii by convoying the
king's body to his own land in a naval ves-
sel with all duo honors. The government
of his successor, Queen Lilioukalana, is
seeking to pronioto closer commercial rela-
tions with tho United Statos. Surveys
for tho much noeded sub-marine cable from
our Pacific coast to Honolulu are in pro-
gress, and this enterprise should havo the
suitable promotion of tho two govern-
ments. I stronglv recommend that provi-
sion bo made for improving tho harbor of
Pearl River and equipping it as a naval
station.
The Uanat
Tho ennui'1 report of the maritimo canal
compai y of Nicaragua shows that muoh
coolly und necessary preparatory work has
been dono durin tno year in the con-
buuctlcn el shops, railroad tracks, »ud
b»rl*ut niai» *«il bieak-wainr*. kuU Uul
tno work of csnai construction has made '
some progress.
I doom it to bo a matter of the highest
concern to tho United States that this
ca i.il, oonneeting tho waters of the Atlan-
tic and Pacific oceans and giving to us a
short water communication between our
ports upon thoso two great seas, should be
speedily constructed and at the smallest
practicable limit of cost. The gain in
lreigkts to the peoplo and tho direct sav-
ing to tho government of the United
States in the use of its naval vessels would
pay tho outiro cost of this work within a
short sories of years. Tho report of tho
secretary of tho navy shows tho saving in
our naval expenditures which would re-
sult. i
Tho senator from Alabama, (Mr. Mor-
gan) in bis i^uiiiicnt upon this subject be-
fore the seriHBi.t tho last session, did not
overestiinatoTho importance of this work
when he said that "The canal Is tho most
important subject now connected with tho
commercial growth and progress of the
United Statos." If this work is to bo
promoted by tho usual financial methods
aud without tho aid of this government,
the expenditures, in its interest-bearing
securities and stocks, will probably bo
twice tho actual cost.
1 do|;not doubt that, built upon theso
business methods, tho canal would, whon
fully inaugurated, earn its fixed charges
and oporating expenses. But. if i's bonds
are to be marketed at heavy discounts and
Story bond sold is to bo accomnauied by a
gift of stocic, as has come to be oxpoctod
by investors in such enterprises, the traffic
will bo seriously burdened to nay interest
sod dividends. I am uuite willluar to roo-
vuuneua goveinmont promotion m tno
ptosocutlon of a work which, if no other
moans offered for its completion, is of such
transcendant luterost that the government
should, in my opinion, secure it by direct
appropriations from its treasury.
A guuranty of the bonds of tho canal
company to an amount necessary to the
completion of tho cnual could, I think, be
so given as not to Involve any sorious risk
of ultimate loss. Tho things to be care-
fully guarded are tho completion of tho
work within the limits of tho guaranty,
tho subrogation of tho United States to
tho rights of tho first mortgage bond-
holders for any amounts it may have to
pay, and in tho moantimo a control of tho
stock of tho company as a security against
mismanagement and loss. I mostsincerely
hope that neither party nor sectional lines
will bo drawn upon this great American
project, so full of interest to tho people of
all our statos and so influential iu its
effects upon the prestige and
prosperity of our common country
and occupied solely by its employees. In
September 1689, a revolt took place among
theso laborers, resulting in tho killing of
somo of tho agents of tho company,caused,
as tho laborers claitnod, by cruel treat-
ment. [The president then gives the his-
tory of tno ca»e.] I recommend legislation
that shall place labor contracts upou this
and other islands giving tho relation that
Navassa has to the United States under
tho supervision of a court commissioner,
and that shall provide, at tho expense or
tho owners, au office* to reside upon tho
islands with powor to judgo and adjust
disputes and to enforce a Just and humane
treatment of employees. It. is inexcusable
that American laborers should bo left
within our own Jurisdiction without access
to any government officer or tribunal for
their protection and tho redress of thoir
wrongs.
TliJ l. rai yaction.
Tho general interest in tho operations
o the treasury department has boen much
; mcnted during the last year by reason
of tho conflicting predictions, which ac-
companied and followed tho tariff and
other legislation of the last congress af-
fecting tho revenues, as to tho results of
this legislation upou tho treasury and
upou tho country. On the ono bandit was
contended that imports would so fall off as
to leave tho treasury bankrupt aud that
tho prices of articles entering into the
living of the peoplo would bo so enhanced
as to disastrously affoct their comfort and
happiness, while on tho other it was
argued that tho loss to the revenue
largely tho result of placing sugar ou
tho free list would gaiu to tho people:
that tho prices of tho necessaries of
life, Including those most highly protected,
►would not bo enhanced; that labor would
have a larger market and tho products of
tho farm advanced prices; while tho treas-
ury surplus and receipts would bo ade-
quate to meet tho appropriations, includ-
iug tho largo exceptional expenditures for
the refunding to the statos of tho direct
tax aud tho redemption of tho 4)4 per cent
bonds.
It is not my purposo to enter nt any
length into a discussion of tho effects of
tho treasury and a general glance at the
stato of business throughout tho country,
will I think, satisfy any impartial inquirer
that its results havo disappointed tho evil
prophecies of its opponents and in u largo
measure realized tno hopeful predictions
of its frieuds. Rarely, if over before, in
tho history of tho country has there been
a time when tho procoeds of ono day's labor
or tho product of ono farmed acre would
purchase so largo an amount of thoso
things that enter into the living of the
masses of tho peoplo. I believe that a full
test, will develop tho fact that tho tariff aot
of the Fifty-first congress is very iavora-
blo in its average effect upon tho pricos of
articles entering into common use.
During the twelvemonths ending Octo-
ber 1, 1890, to Septoinbor 80. 1891, tho total
value of our foreign commerce (imports
and exports combined) was $1,747,806,406,
which was tho largest of any yoar in tho
history of tho United Statos. Tho largest
in any previous yoar was in 1S90, when
ou»" commerce amounted to $1,647,139,093,
and tho last year exceeds this onor.nou3
aggregate by over ono hundred millions.
It is interesting, nnd to somo will bo sur-
prising, to know that during the year ond-
lug Septomber 80, 1891, our imports of
merchandise amounted to $824,715,370,
which was un increase of moro than eleven
million dollars cvor tho value of tho im-
ports of the corresponding months of tho
proceeding yoar, when tho imports of
merchandise were unusually large in an-
ticipation of tho tariff legislation then
pending.
Tho average annual value of tho imports
of merchandise for ti;.- ten years from
1881, to 189J was ; 93.180,522, aud during
tho year ending Soptombor, 30, 1891, this
annual average was exceeded by fl3i,.'»5W,-
409. The value of free Imports during the
twelvemonths ending September 80, 1891.
was $118,092,887 moro than the value of
free imports during tho corresponding
twelve months of tho preceding year, ana
there was during the same period a do-
crease of |10.i,846,&08 lu the value of im-
ports of dutiablo merchandise. The per-
centage of merchandise admitted free of
duty during the year to which I havo
reference, th'» first under tho new tariff,
was 48.19, while during the preceding
twelve months, under tho old tariff, tho
percentage was 3427, an incroaso of 18.91
percent. If wo take tho six months end-
ing September 30 last, which covers tho
time during which sugars havo beeu ad-
mitted free of duty, tiio per.centof value
of merchandise imported free of duty is
found to bo *>5.87, which is a larger per-
centage of freo imports than during any
prior fiscal year in the history of tho gov-
ernment.
If we turn to exports of merchandise
tho statistics ore full of gratification. Tho
whole of such exports of merchandise for
tho twelvo mouths ending September 80,
1891, was 1928,091,1^0, while for tho corre-
sponding previous twelvo months It wus
fSt'^),l?7?H5, an increase of (tiJ,914,0^1,
which is nearly three times tho average
annual increase of exports of merchandise
during any year in the history of tho gov-
ernment Tho increase in tho value of
exports of agricultural products during
tho year referred to over tho correspond-
ing twelvo months of the prior year, was
t45,84!l,197, whilo tho increase in tho value
of export. of manufactured products was
$16.888,-.'40.
There is certainly nothing in tho condi-
tion of trade, foreign or domestic, there is
certainly nothing iu tho condition of our
peoplo of any class to suggest that tho ex-
isting tariff and revenue legislation bears
oppressively upon the people r.j retards
tho commercial development of the nation.
It may bo argued that our condition would
be better if our tariff legislation were ut • n
a free trade basis; but it cannot be denied
that all the conditioni oi pn perl si I of
genoral contentment are pre at in a largo
degree than ever before in our history,
and that, too, Just when It was prephocieu
thoy would bi iu tho worst stato. Agita-
tatlon for radical changes in tariff
und financial legislation cannot help
but may seriously impede business, to tho
prosperity of which some degree of sta-
bility iu legislation is essential.
I Uklok tb«r« him cuDflluaivp avvdcuuJM
urdt ino now tariff has created several
great industries which will, within a few
years, give employment to several hun-
dred thousand American men and women.
In view of tho somewhat overcrowded
condition of tho labor market of the United
States, every patriotic citizen should re-
joice at such a result.
Opposed to iree Coinage.
Under the law of July 14, 1890, the secre-
tary of the treasury has purchased since
August 18 during tho fiscal year 48,8U3,-
113 ounces of silver bullion at an average
cost of $1.04) per ounce. Tho highest
price paid during the year was $1.2096 and
tbo lowest $0.9383. In exchange for this
silver bullion there have been issued $6J.-
&7.49S of tho treasury notes authorised by
tbo act. Tho lowest price of silver reached
during tho fiscal year was £0.9036 ou April
2.', 1891; but ou Nov. 1, the market price
was only $'.96, which would give to the
silver dollar a bullion value of 74# cents.
Before the influence of tho prospective
silver legislation was felt iu the market,
silver was worth in New York about
fo 9 ,5 per ounce.
Tho ablest advocates of free coinago in
tho last congress were most confident in
their prediction that ttio purchases by tho
government required by tho law would ut
prophecies of tho anti-silver men of dis
asters to result from tho coinugo of $2 0 )0,-
000 per month were not wider of tho mark.
Tho friends of freo silver are not agreed,
1 think, as to tho causes that brought their
hopeful predictions to naught. Somo facts
aro known. The exports of silver from Lon-
don to India during tho first nino months
of tho calendar year fall off 60 per cent, or
$17,-09,780, compared with the same
months of tho preceding year. The ex-
ports of domostio silver bullion from this
country, which has averaged for the last
ton years over $17,000,000, fell in tho last
fiscal year to $18,797,391; whilo, for the
first time in recent years, tho imports of
silver into this country exceeded tho ex-
ports bj the sum of ?2,745,il66. In the
previous year the not exports of silver
from tho United States amounted to
$«,545,4.r;5.
The production of tho Unitod Statos in-
creased from 50,000,000 ouuees in 1689 to
64,500,000 in 1890. The government is now
buying and putting aside annually 54,000,-
0»'0 ouuees. which, allowing7,140,000ounces
r.««tr bullion iu»od iu tho arts, is ti.64ti.oOil
more than our domestic product avauablo
for coinago.
] hope the depression in the price of
silver is temporary and that a further
trial of this legislation will moro favorably
affect it. That tho increased volume of
currency thus supplied for tho use of tho
peoplo was needed aud that beneficial re-
sults upon trado aud prices have followed
this legislation I think must be very clear
to everyone; nor should it be forgotten
that for every dollar of these notes issued
a full dollar's worth of silvor bullion is at
tho timo deposited in tho treasury as a
security for its redemption. Upon this
subject, as upon the tariff, my recom-
mendation is that the existing laws be
given a full trial and that our business
interests be spared tho distressing influ-
ence which threats of radical changes
always impart.
Under existing legislation it is in the
power of tho treasury department to main-
tain that essential condition of national
finance as woll as commercial prosperity—
tho parity in use of tho coin dollars
and their paper representatives. The as-
surance that theso powei-s would be freely
nnd unhesitatingly used has done much to
{iroduco and sustain tho present favorable
•usiness conditions. I am still of tho
opinion that tho freo coinage of silvor
uudor exis ting conditions would disas-
trously affect our businoss interests at
homo and abroad. We could not hope to
maintain an equality in tho purchasing
power of tho gold and silvor dollar in our
own markets, and in foreign trade the
stamp gives no added value to the bullion
contained in coins. Tho producers of the
country,its farmers and laborers, havo the
highest interest that every dollar, nn.per
or coin, issued by the government shall bo
us good as any other. If there is ono less
valuable than another its sure and con-
stant errand will bo to pay them for their
toil and for their crops. The money lender
will protect himself by stipulating for pay-
ment in gold, but the laborer has never
beon able to do that. To placo business
upon a silver basis would mean a sudden
aud sovero contraction of the currency,
by tho withdrawal of gold and gold uotes,
and such an unsettling of all values as
would produco a commercial panic. I can-
not believe that a people so strong and
prosperous as ours will *"
policy.
promote such a
Tho producers of silver aro entitled to
Just consideration, but they should not for-
get that tho government is now buying and
putting out of tho market what is tho
equivalent of tho entire production of our
silver mines. This is more than they them-
selves thought of asking two years ago. I
beliovo it is the earnest desire of a groat
majority of tho peoplo, as it is mine, that a
full coin uso shall bo mado of silver Just
as soon as the co-operation of other na-
tions can bo secured and a ratio fixed that
will givo circulation equally to gold and
silver.
Tho business of tho world divides tho
uso of both metals, but I do not sec any
prospect of gaiu, but much of loss, by giv-
ing up tho present system in which a full
uso is mado of gol<l and a largo use of
silver, for one iu which silver alone will
circulato. Such an event would bo ut
onco fatal to tho further progress of silver
movement. Bl-motallism is tho desired
end, and the true friends of silver will be
careful not to overrun tho goal and bring
in silver monometalism, with its necessary
attendants, the loss of our gold to Europe
and tho relief of tho pressure there for a
larger currency.
I havo endeavored by the uso of official
and unofficial agencies to keep a close ob-
servation of tho stato of public sentiment
in Europe upon this question, and have
not found it to bo such as to justify mo
in proposing an international conference.
There is however, I am sure, a growing
sentiment in Europe in favor of a largo
uso of silvor, and I know of no moro ef-
fectual way of promoting this sontiinont
than by accumulating gold bore. A
scarcity of gold in the Europoan reserves
will bo tho most persuajivo argument for
tho uso of silver. Tho exports of gold to
Europe which bogau in February last
und continued until tho closo of
July, aggregated ovor seventy million
of dollars. Tho net loss of gold during the
fiscal yoar was nearly $68,0-j0,000. That
no serious monetary disturbance resulted
was most gratifying, and gavo to Europe
fresh ovldenco of the strength and stabili-
ty of our ftnaucial institutions. With the
movement of crops the outflow of gold was
speedily stopped, and a return sot in. Up
to Docembor 1 wo had recovered of our
gold loss at tho port of Now York $27,854,-
000, and it is confidentially believed that
during tho winter and spring this nggre-
gato will bo steadily and largely increased.
Tho presence of a largo cash surplus in
tho treasury has for many years been the
subject of much unfavorable criticism and
has furnished au argument to thoso who
have desired to placo tho tariff upou
a purely revonuo basis. It was agreed by
all that tho withdrawal from circulation
of so largo an amount of money was an
ombarassment to the business of thecoun-
try and mado necessary tho intervention
of the department at froqueut intervals to
relieve threatened monetary panics. The
surplus on March 1, 1889. was $183,827,-
190.20. The policy of applying this aur-
plus to tho redemption of tho interest-
bearing securities of tho Unitod States
was thought to bo preferable to
that of depositing it without interest
iu selected national banks. There have
been redeemed since tho date last men-
tioned of interest bearing secur-
ities $250,079,350, resulting in a
reduction of tho annual interest
charge of 911,683,675. Tho money w hich
bad boon deposited in banks without inter-
est lias been gradually withdrawn and
used in tho redemption of bonds.
Tho result of this policy of tho silver
legislation, and of ti refunding of tbo4'^
per ccut bonds lias been a largo Increase
of tho money in circulation. At the date
iust named the circulation was $1,404,20
896, or f.'3.08 per capita; w hilo on tho first
day of December, 1 >91, It had increased to
£..577.-< 2,070, or t-4 3s per capita. Tho
; >. ■ •, of itary of the treasury fco
ti e i t). !< rr of »lo 4^' per cent bouds to
xtend tT\o tim* of redemption, nt tho op-
t.on of tho government, at an interest of 2
pf r cout was acceptv I by tho holders of
about one-lKilf tin amount, und the unox-
i Midi .1 bonds uro bc.ng redeemed on pre-
bent ,it ion.
[The president then briefly discusses
army and navy affairs, und makes recom-
mendations iu regard to the cutruucc of
chU»M« throuffU ib« lirfctish Du»se»sl«n>
Free Delivery ut Mall.
The attorney general aud the commis-
sioners of the district so thoroughly has
this system, initiated by Germany and the
United States, evidenced its usefulness
that it can not be long before it is installed
upon all tho great ocean meil carrying
steamships.
Eight thousand miles of now postal
service has been established upon rail-
roads, the car distribution to sub-stations
in the groat cities has been in-
creased about 12 per cent while
the percentage of errors iu distribu-
tion has, during the psst year been
reduced over one-half. Au appropaiatiou
w us given by tho last congress ior the pur-
Soso of making somo experiments in freo
elivery in the smaller cities and towns.
The results of theso experiments havo
been so satisfactory that tho postmaster
general recommends, and I coucur iu the
recommendation, that the freo delivery
system bo at once extended to towns of
5,000 population. His discussion oi tbo
inadequate facilities extended under our
present system to rural communities, and
his suggestion with a vlow to givo thoso
communities a fullor participation In tho
benefits of tho postal service are worthy
of your careful consideration. It is not
Just that tho farmer who re-
ceives his mail at the neighboring
town should not only bo compelled
to send to the postoftlco for it, but to pay
a cousiderablo rent for a box iu which to
Slace it or wait his time at a general
elivery wiudow, while tho city
resident has his mail brought to
his door. It is statod tiiat over 54,000
neighborhoods are, under tho present sys-
tem, receiving mail at postofflccs where
money orders and postal notes are
not issued. The extension of this system
to theso communities is especially desir-
ablo, as tho patrons of such offices aro not
possessed of tho othor facilities offered in
more populous communities for tho trans-
mission of small sums of money.
I havo, in a mossago to tho precodiug
congress, expressed my views as to a
modified uso of the telegraph In connection
with the postal servlco.
Tho Interior Department.
The report of the secretary of tho in-
torior shows that a very gratifying pro-
gress has been made in all of tho bureaus
which mako up that complex difficult de-
partment. Tho work in tho bureau oi
Indian affairs was perhaps never so
large as now by reason of tho
numerous negotiations which havo
been proceeding with tho tribes
for a reduction of the reservations, with
the incident labor of making allotments,
und was never more carefully conductod.
The provision of adequate school
facilities for Indian children and
the locating of adult Indians
upon farms, involvo tho solution of
the "Indian quostion." Everything else-
rations, unnuities, aud tribual negotiations
with tho agents, inspectors, aud commis-
sioners who distribute and conduct thorn—
must pass away when tho Indian has bo-
como a citizen, secure in the individual
ownership of a farm from which ho de-
rives his subsistence by his own labor,
protected by and subordiuato to tho laws
which covorn the white man,and provided
Dy toe general go vera menu or uy iucm
communities in which ho lives with the
means of educating his children. When
an Indian bocomes a citizen in an organ-
ized stato or territory his re-
lation to tho general govern ment
ccascs, In a great measure, to bo that of a
ward; but tho general government ought
not at onco to put upon the stato or terri-
tory tho burdeu of the education of his
children.
[Tho president then discusses t ho Indian
school question and the relations of tho
government to tho Sioux at somo length.l
Tho relations of the five civilized tribes
now occupying tho Indian territory to the
United States, 1 believe, is not best calcu-
lated to promote tho highest
advancement of theso Indians. That
there should bo within our bor-
ders five independent states, hav-
ing no relations except thoso growing out
of treaties with tho government of tho
United Statos. no representation in tho
nation's legislature, its peoplo not citi-
zens, is a startling anomaly. It seems
to mo to be inevitable that
there shall bo boforo long somo or-
ganic changos in relation to these peoplo
to the United States. What form theso
changes should take I do not think it desi-
rable now to suggest, even if they were
woll defined in my own mind.
Tho good work of reducing tho
larger Indian reservations by
allotments in severalty to the Ii oans,
and tho cession of tho remaining lands to
tho United States lor disposition undor
the homestead law, has boen proseeuted
during tho yoar with onorgy and
success. In September last I was enabled
to open to settlemeut in tho territory of
Oklahoma W)0,000 acres of land, all of
which wus taken up by settlors in a single
day. The rush for thoso lands was ac-
companied by a great deal of excitement,
but was, happily, freo from incidents of
violence.
It was a source, of groat regret that I
was not ublo to open at the same time the
surplus lands of tho Cheyenne and
Arapahoo reservations, amounting to about
8,0)0.000 acres, by reason of tho insuf-
ficiency of tho appropriation for making
tho allotments. Deserving and impatient
settlers are waiting to occupy these lands,
and I urgently recommend that a special
deficiency appropriation bo promptly made
of the small amount noedea, so that tho
allotments may bo completed and the
surplus lands opened in time to permit tho
settlers to get upon their homesteads iu
tho early soring.
During the past summer the Cherokee
commission has completed arrangements
with the Wichita, Kiekapoo and Tonkawa
tribes whereby, if tho ugreemonts are rate
ifiedb y congress, over 800,000 additional
acres will be opened to settlement In
Oklahoma.
The negotiation for tho release by the
Cherokees of thoir claim to the Cherokee
strip has made no substantial 1
largo and valuable tract may bo scoured.
Tho price which tho commission
was authorized to offer—ono dollar
and a quarter per acre is, in my Judge-
ment, when all tho circumstances as to
tho title and tho character of tho lands aro
considered, a fair und adequato ono and
should have been accepted by the In-
dians.
Pensions.
The administration of tho pension bureau
has been characterized during tho yoar
by great diligence. Tho total number of
pensioners upon tho roll ou tho 80th day ol
Juno 1891. was 676.li 0. There were allowed
during tno fiscal year ending at that
timo 250.565 cases. Of this number 102,887
were allowod undor tho law of June 27,
189J. The Issuing of certificates has been
proceeding at tuu rate of 8 ',000 per month,
about 75 por cent of theso boing
cash under tho now law. Tho commissioner
express tho opinion that ho will bo able to
carefully adjudicate and allow 850,000
claims during tho present fiscal year.
Tho appropriation for tho payment
of pensions for the fiscal year
1890, '91, was $127,685,763.89 arid
tho amount expended $119,530,-
649.20, leaving an unexpended surplus of
$9,156,144.04. The commissioner is quito
confident that there will Bbo no call .his
yoar for a deficiency appropriation not-
withstanding tho rapidity with which tho
work is being nushod. Tho mistake w hich
has been made by many in their exaggerated
cr.tlmatos of tho coat of pensions is in not
taking account of tho diminished valuo of
first payments undor tho recent legisla-
tion. Thoso payments, under the
general laws, havo been for
many years very large, as the pensions,
when ullowed,dated from the time of filing
tho claim, and most of theso claims had
been pending for years. Tho first payments
under tho low of Juno 18UJ, aro relatively
small, and, as tho por ccut of theso cases
increases and that of the old eases dimin-
isnes tno annual aggregate oi nr»v pay-
ments is largely reduced. While those
disbursements to tho disablod soldiers of
the , treat civil war aro largo they do not
realize the exaggerated estimates of those
who oppose this boneticent legislation.
Tho secretary of tho iuterior shows with
great fullnoss tho euro that is taken to ex-
c ude fraudulent claims and also the grati-
fying fact that tho persons to whom theso
pensions aro going are men who rendered,
net slight, but sui ..ant al war sorvlco.
(The report of tho railroad commission-
er is common ted upon, and considerable
space is devoted to tho matter of public
i.iiids. Polygamy is denounced.]
•jl agriculture as regarded by any one as a
mere concession to the uneulighteued de-
mand of a worthy class of people,
that impression has been most ef-
fectually removed by the great re-
sults already attained. Its home in-
fluence has been very great in dissemi-
nating agricultural aud horticultural
information; in stimulating and directing
a further diversification of crops; in de-
tecting and eradicating diseases of do-
mestic animals; und more than all, in tue
close and informal contact which it has
established aud maintains with tho farmers
and stock raisers of the whole country. )
For ten years protosts and petitions upon
this subject from the packers and stock-
raisers of the United States havo beeu di-
rected against thoso restrictions, which
so seriously limited our markets
and curtailed tho profits or the
farm. It is a soureo of general
congratulation that success has at last
been attained, for tho effects of an en-
larged foreign market for these meats will
be felt, not only by tho farmer,
but in our public finances and in
every branch of trade. It Is
particularly fortunate thai tho increased
demand for food products resulting from
the removal of tho restrictions of our
meats aud from tho recip ocal trado ar-
rangements to which I havo referred
should havo come ut a time when the
agricultural surplus is so largo. With-
out tho help thus derived lower
prices would have prevailed. The secre-
tary of agriculture estimates that tho re-
strictions upon tho importation of our
pork products into Europe lost us a mar-
ket for *2),000,000 worth of these products
annually.
Tho grain crop of this year was tho
largest in our history, 50 por cent greater
than that of last year, and yet the market
that has been opened and the larger demand
resulting from short crops in Europe havo
sustained prices to such an exteut that the
enormous surplus of meats and bread-
stuffs will bo marketed at good prices,
bringing relief and prosperity to an indus-
try that was much depressed. It
is not inappropriate, I think, bore to sug-
gest that our satisfaction in ho contempla-
tion of this marvelous addition to the
national wealth s unclouded by any sus-
picion of the currency by which It is meas-
ured and in which tho farmer is paid for
tho product of his fields.
[The president here endorses tho work
of tho civil sorvlco commission,
and urges legislation for the pro-
tection of tho lives of railroad em-
ployes, aud then takes up tho proposed
changoin tho manner of electing the presi-
dent. This change he vigorously opposes,
on tho ground that it would put tho three
departments of tho government at the
mercy of corrupt political methods, lit
declares tho proposed change to bo a
menace to tho stability of tho government.
Ho advises the appointment of a commis-
sion to consider the matter of tho evils con-
nected with the election system.]
To tho consideration of these very grave
questions 1 invite not only tho attention of
congress, but that of all patriotic citizens.
We must not entertain the delusion that
our people havo ceasod to regard a free
ballot and equal representation as the
price of their allegiance to laws and to
civil magistrates.
I havo beon greatly rejoiced to notice
many evidences of the increased unifica-
tion of our peoplo and of a revived na-
tional spirit. The vista that now opens to
us is wider and more glorious
than ever before. Gratification
and amazement struggle for supre-
macy as wo contemplate tho population,
wealth and moral strength of our country.
A trust, momentous in its influence upon
our people and upon the world is for a
brief timo committed to us nnd wo
must not bo faithless to its first
condition—the defense of tho freo and
equal influence of tho peoplo in choice of
public officers and in tho control of public
affairs. Benjamin Harbibo*.
Executive Mansion, Doc. 9, lb91.
WHO WILL GET THE HONORS?
The Latest Gojnlp From Washington
About tho Homo Chalriunn«hi|><.
Washington, Doe. 11.—Gossip concern-
ing the chairmanship of tho appropriations
committee is not confined to Mr. Holman.
The r -'ineof Mr. McMillin of Tennessee
wns yesterday suggested for tho honor,
and, asido fiuin oxpcricnce, ability
and the knack of feeling tho tem-
per of tho housoi he has in his
favor tho fact that two adjoining statos
seldom get tho two most important chair-
manships aud that it would bo a grace-
ful thing for the speaker to appoint one of
his principal opponents. Mr. McMillin
can of course stay on the ways and moans
committee if ho prefers, but Northern
men will domlnato theso two principal
committees. Amos Cummiugs of Now
York is tho probable chief of tho committee
on merchant marine and fisheries, and the
"postofhios" chairmanship will go ts
Blount of Georgia. Its chairman in the
Fiftieth cougiess, Herbert of Alabama,
has a sort of prescriptive right to tho
naval affairs committee through being its
former chairman, iu which position ho had
an influential part in tho upbuilding of the
navy. Mr. Outhwaite of Ohio is the
probablo chairman of tho Pacific rail-
roads committee. His personal prefer-
ence is military affairs. Being a Georgian
is tho principal point against Mr. Turner
in connection with tho chairmanship of the
committee on commerce, aud oither ho or
Isadore Rayner of Maryland will figure in
this place, a membership in tho ways and
means committee going to tho one losing
tho chairmanship.
Unless Wilson of West Virginia goes on
tho ways and means committee, ho will
get a chairmanship. He has seen service
on tho manufactures committteo, but
probably prefers somo othor com-
mittee, whilo Bacon of Now York
made a reputation as a trusts investiga-
tor on it in tho Fiftieth congress.
The public buildings committee will go to
tho North, very likely, und Forney, of Al-
abama can look aftor- the militia, if he
wants to, while attending also to
appropriations. Culberson of Toxas
und Oates of Aiubama are tho
best qualified for the head of the
Judiciary committoe. Tho immigration
committee will very likely go to Covert of
Now York. Tho needs of tho District of
Columbia will bo looked after by Hemphill
of South Carolina. Anurows of Massachu-
setts stands the best chance of loadiug tbo
civil service reform committee.
MILLS FOlt THK SENATE.
The Texnn's Friends Said to ll«> Confl.
dent of Heeling II1 in.
Galveston, Tex., Doc. 11.—The defeat
of Roger Q. Mills for tho speakership has
given widespread support, it is said, to
tho efforts ol his admirers to elect him to
tho United States scuato. Govoruor
Hogg has stated that an oxtra ses-
sion of tho legislature will bo callod
In March or April. The election of a suc-
cessor to John M. Reagan will bo ono of
tho duties of that body. Senutor Chilton
holds his appointment from the governor,
and although a candidato for election by
tho legislature, the friends of Mills aro
said to bo confident of electing the tariff
reform champion.
WILL FEFFKR UK IGNORED?
j The Democratic Cauca« Hccoirr* Ills
l'len for Committee Alemborahip.
j Washington, Dec. 11.—Senator Poffer
I of Kansas was tho subjoct of an nnimated
j riUcnsfiinn In the Democratic senatorial
i much bus been said; no frightful contor-
tions."
! "Was death instantaneous!"
I "Yes, it was quick r than thut. Dcntb
I did not occur after the current was turnod
en, but the instant it wus applied. Loppy
I did not suffer. Suffering was impossible.
Death occurred in ti o on thousandth part
j of a second, and pain, if such it may bo
termed, which does not last longer than
; that cannot catif-o sujTaring. £ny pajB
| which Loppy suffered I would be willing
I to endure uli day."
"How long was tho current uppliedl"
"About fifty seconds."
Somo twonty-threo young ladies of La
[ Porto, Indiana, will submit to skin-gralt-
| mg to aid tho rccovorv oLasick Uqi thorn.
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The Lexington Leader. (Lexington, Okla. Terr.), Vol. 1, No. 38, Ed. 1 Saturday, December 19, 1891, newspaper, December 19, 1891; Lexington, Oklahoma Territory. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc110059/m1/2/: accessed March 18, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.