The Moore Messenger (Moore, Okla.), Vol. 7, No. 9, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 14, 1914 Page: 6 of 8
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Triumph nf
Electricity
in"
IMPROVED DAIRYING METHODS IN SOUTH
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, At I .OH f&nalwi #*
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The More Valuable the Herd and the Higher Developed They Are In the
Way of Dairy Production, the More Serious the Problem for the Man
Who la Trying to Buiid Up His Herd and Increaaa the Average Produc-
tion.
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HE history of electricity, written
largoly In the last few years. Is
replete with wonderful engineer-
ing achievements. But never be-
fore lias electricity been called
upon to do so much, In such an
entirely new and novel way, as
at Panama. The hydroelectric
generation of electrical energy
and Its distribution, the handling
of the ships by electric locomo-
tives, the novel system of cen-
tralized switchboard control for
the great locks, Is but another triumph for elec-
tricity, a new departure in electrical engineering
and an advance in mechanics equaled only by
the Panama canal itself.
It Is expected that the surplus water of Gatun
lake will ultimately supply the electrical energy
for the entire canal lone. During the building of
the canal a steam plant, located at Mlraflores,
furnished the electrical current necessary for the
construction work at the Pacific end. This steam
plant will be maintained as a reserve In case of
shut down, low water or damage to the transmis-
sion line. At present It seems certain that there
will be avallablo sufficient water to generate fully
6,000 kilowatts. During the rainy seasons, which
prevail In the tropics, water will be plentiful and
will be allowed to run to waste over the spillway
of the dam. During the dry season the storage
water will be drawn upon. The maximum quan-
tity of water diverted for hydroelectric develop-
ment la about seven per cent of the minimum
water supply and Is the excess which Is not re-
quired for lockage, evaporation and leakage.
The electricity generated at the Gatun power-
house will be distributed for the operation of the
three big locks, to the permanent machine shops,
to the dry dock, to the coal handling plant and
other auxiliaries It will also be used to light
the locks and the villages of the canal zone. In
all probability the current will also be extensive-
ly used for electric cooking in the homes, as fuel
Is scarce and costly upon the Isthmus. There is
also- under consideration the electrification of
of the Panama railroad. The distribution circuits
will be In duplicate throughout In order to insure
a continuous service. As a further precaution
as above stated, the water-power station will be
connected to the steam plant at Mlraflores, which
station will be held in reserve.
The power system for the operation of the
locks, towing locomotives, lights for the locks
and buildings, and motors not directly connected
with the lock control, Is composed of:
A 7,500 kv-a, 2,200-volt hydroelectric power
plant at the Gatun dam.
Four thousand five hundred kv-a, 2.200-volt Cur-
tis turbo-generator electric power plant at Mlra-
flores for emergency, lately used to supply power
for construction work.
A double 44,000-volt transmission line across
the isthmus, connecting Cristobal on the Atlantic
and Balboa on the Pacific with the two power
plants named.
Four 44,000-2,200-volt substations, stepping down
at Cristobal and Balboa, and up or down at Gatun
and Mlraflores, depending on which of the two
plants is supplying power.
Thirty-six 2,200-240 volt transmission stations
for power, traction and light at Gatun. Pedro
Miguel and Mlraflores locks.
Three 2.200-220-110-volt transformer stations for
the control boards at the locks.
The hydroelectric station Is located adjacent to
the north wall of Gatun spillway. The building
Is of concrete and steel, designed specially for a
power station in a tropical country. The building
is capable of being eularged to house six 2,000
kilowatt units, of which three have been Installed.
The building has but one main operating floor,
with a turbine pit. and two galleries for electrical
equipment. Each unit of the mechanical equip-
ment consists of an Individual headgate. pen-
stock, governor, generator, exciter, oil-switch, and
control panel. Water is taken from Gatun lake
through a forebav. which is constructed as an
integral part of the curved portion of the north
•pillway approach wall. From the forebay the
water Is carried to tho turbines through steel
plate penstocks 350 feet long and 10 feet 6 Inches
in diameter. The entrances to the penstocks are
protected by bar Iron trash racks to prevent
sunken debris from damaging the turbines. The
headgates are raised and lowered by individual
electric motors. These motors and the gate ma-
chinery, are housed in a small concrete gate-
house erected In the forebay.
The turbo-generating units are of the vertical
type, rotating parts of the generator and the tur-
bine being mounted on the same shaft. Super-
imposed upon each turbine casing is a generator
rated at 2,000 kilowatts, w lich will deliver three-
phase, 25-<;ycle current at 2,200 volts. The main
control switchboard for the control of the current
is located on the second gallery floor, where the
<or ztf&tx
operator possesses a good view of the entire sta-
tion. The operator at the switchboard completely
controls all switching operations and, In addition,
controls the headgates, the governors, the rheo-
stats and the field circuit-breakers. Besides the
control switches the main switchbonrd contains
all indicating and recording instruments which
are essential for an intelligent operation of the
station. A storage battery, located on the first
gallery, will be used to supply lighting current,
etc., when the plant is not running. When the
plant is in operation this direct current will be
supplied by two motor-driven exciter sets which
are operated directly from the 2.200-volt circuit.
The centralized control system for the Panama
locks marks a wonderful ndvance in electrical
engineering. The locks are operated by elec-
tricity and the controlling switchboards repro-
duce in miniature on the board, by synchronous
indicators, every detail of operation so the man
in charge sees the complete movement of all
gates, valves, fender chains, etc., reproduced be-
fore his eyes, eliminating any errors which might
otherwise occur.
The specifications for the entire generating,
lock controlling and distribution system for oper-
ating the Panama canal were prepared under the
supervision of Mr. Edward Schildhauer, electrical
..and mechanical engineer, Isthmian canal com-
mission, assisted by a staff of able electrical en-
gineers,. including Mr. C. B. I^arzclerc, who was
closely identified with the lock control problems;
Mr. W. R. McCann, with the generation and dis-
tribution of power.
Speaking of this great engineering feat. Mr.
Schildhauer said:
"The electrical control system has decided ad-
vantages over hydraulic or air systems. This will
be readily granted when It is known that the
flight of locks at Gatun, for instance, extends
over a distance of 6,152 feet and the principal
operating machines are distributed over a dis-
tance of 4,115 feet. To control the machines
locally meant a large operating force distributed
practically along the full length of the locks,
which has Invariably been the practice hereto-
fore. Such a force would be difficult to co-ordi-
nate into an efficient operating system The
matter therefore resolved Itself into centralized
control, which reduces the number of operators,
operating expenses and liability to accident.
Moreover, it fixes responsibility.
"Another argument for centralized control is
the fact that by having all control switches cen-
tralized on one switchboard It permits the vari-
ous control switches to be mechanically Inter-
locked in a manner to minimize, if not entirely
GJlTT/ZT gjerZlsWRY
prevent, certain errors of human manipulations.
Heavy fender chains are stretched across the
locks In front of all mitred gates which can be
exposed to the upper level and also In front of
the guard gates at the lower end. These are
maintained In a taut position at all times when
the gates behind them are closed, and are low-
ered when the gates are opened for the passage
of a ship. These chains are raised and lowered
by a hydraulic cylinder. In a method similar to
that followed In hydraulic elevators, with tho
additional feature that
If a ship approaches the
gates at a dangerous
speed and rams into the
chain, the chain Is paid
out from each end with
a maximum resistance
for gradually stopping a
ship before It reaches
the gates. Lowering the
chain for the legitimate
passage of a vessel and
raising it again after
the vessel has passed
are also under the con-
trol of the operator at
the control house, and
each operation of rais-
ing or lowering involves
the control of two mo-
tors; viz, the starting of
a large motor driving
the main pump supply-
ing water under pres-
sure, and the control of
a motor-operated valve
which In turn controls
the direction of move-
ment of the chain, ris-
ing or falling.
At Gatun the control
house is located at the
lower end of the upper
lock. At Mlraflores the
location Is the same, that is, at the lower end ot
the upper pair of locks; but there are only one
pair of duplicated locks downstream from the
control house, the same as upstream. At Pedro
Miguel the control house is at the lower end oi
the one pair of locks.
Tho motors are started and controlled by con-
tactor panel located near them, the contactors
of which handle the main motor currents. These
contactors are controlled from the control house.
The canal and locks will accommodate the
largest vessels. The fact that the control board
Is a working miniature of the lock which it
operates shows the operator the actual condition
of gates, height of water, etc . and. consequently,
having the whole condition In miniature undei
his eye he knows what to do next and when to
do It. the operator receiving his information as to
the movement of the vessel from a towing mas-
ter. The engineers on the locomotives which
take the vessels through the locks, as well as the
towing master, can see the position of the gates,
but the position of tho fender chains Is indicated
by semaphore arms on the lock walls.
Let us take a vessel through a set of locks.
It proceeds Into the lock forebay either undeT
Its own power or that of a tug, and comes to a
full stop. It will then proceed under the powe?
and control of four electric locomotives—two for-
ward to take it along, one on each side, and twe
others astern, one on each side, to keep the ves-
sel In the middle of the waterway and to sto^
It when It has reached the proper point.
After the vessel comes to a full stop In the
forebay Its position Is given by the towing master
to the switchboard attendant, who. by moving a
control switch lever, causcs the lowering of the
fender chain and the miniature fender chain on
the control board after lock gate Is in proper
position. The fender chain is stretched across
the canal to prevent the vessel from striking the
gates If for some reason it should get beyond
control. In such an event the fender chain brings
the vessel to a full stop.
Now the vessel advances into the lock by
means of the electric locomotives. The fender
chain is raised and then the massive gates are
shut behind, the miniature control board gates In
the meantime indicating this movement. When
the water on opposite sides of the gates in front
of the vessel has been raised or lowered, as the
case may be. until the water on both sides is at
the same level, as shown on the water level Indi-
cators on the control board, these gates are
opened and the boat is pulled into the next com-
partment, and so on. f
(Prepared by thw l*n1t**d States Depart- ]
ment of Agriculture.>
The owners of a farm In Virginia
which was managed in the old-fash-
ioned way kept 16 cow* and sold their
butter in the local markets f3r 27 to j
30 cents a pound. The herd consisted i
of ordinary cows of mixed breeding, !
which were allowed to run most of j
the year, but were tied up In the "over- !
shoot" at milking time. In 1911, be-
coming dissatisfied with results, the
owners decided to ship cream to
Washington, D. C. This was found to 1
be more profitable, as they received 45
to 50 cents a pound for butterfat; but ,
on the first visit of the district lnspec-,
tor the buildings were pronounced in-
sanitary. The cellar of the dwelling
house was used as a dairy house;
the barn was an old-time general-pur-
pose barn; there was no silo on the !
I place. The water supply, which was
pumped by a windmill from the neigh-
boring creek, was considered unfit for
I washing dairy utensils.
! The owner built a new barn, a dairy
house and a silo at a cost of $1,789,
I according to plans furnished by the
I department. The department fur-
| niches such plana to persons contem-
plating the erection of a new dairy
barn, mllkhouse or silo, or for the
I remodeling of an old building, if re-
quests are accompanied by statements
j of character and size of building de-
i sired. The new barn is a one-story
FOR RENOVATING SOIL
building large enough for 30 cows,
but so constructed that the cows can
be kept clean with the leust amount
of labor. The old barn was retained
for storage purposes.
Record sheets and scales for weigh-
ing milk were obtained and daily
weighings of milk were made. A rep-
resentative from the department as-
sisted In making tests of the milk with
the Babcock tester, and gave advice
about feeding and general manage-
ment
At the present time the herd has
been increased to 30 head of as good
cows of mixed breeds as could be pur-
chased, but it is doubtful if they are
as good as those in the original herd.
A pure bred llolBtein bull has been
placed at the head of the herd. Four
pure-bred animals of the same breed
have recently been aided. Following
the advice of the dairy expert, better
methods of feeding Increased the yield
of milk. The herd records show that
during the year ending September 30,
1913, the average yield of milk per
cow was 502 pounds more than dur-
ing the previous year. Because of the
Improved condition of the buildings a
better price is received for the milk,
so with the increased yield, combined
with the higher value of the product,
the average profit from each cow was
increased to the extent of $24.79 per
annum.
AFTER SUFFERING
TWO LONG YEARS
Mrs. Aselin Wag Restored to
Health by Lydia EL Pink-
ham's Vegetable
Compound.
w
VELVET BEAN HAS BEEN FOUND
OF GREAT USE.
Plant Is Also Important Protein Feed
for Production of Meat and Dairy
Products, and Furnishes Ex-
cellent Forage.
(By j m. SCOTT.)
A soil renovator may be defined as
ft crop that will renew or Improve a
soil that ceases to be productive, and
will even Increase the productive pow-
j ers of some virgin soils. Soils that
: have been cropped continuously for a
I number of years by one crop become
unproductive, or cease to produce
i their maximum yields. Virgin soils
may not always produce satisfactory
| yields of certain crops, for new soils
j may sometimes be raw and unpro-
! ductlve. For the purpose of assisting
| in correcting these unfavorable condi-
j tlons, the velvet bean has been fouud j
j of great use.
' Plants belonging to the order of J
legume-bearers, or pod bearers, may |
be considered as soil Improvers. This !
is because such plants are capable of
! abstracting nitrogen from the air. The
i nitrogen thus obtained Is deposited in
! the root-tubercles of the plants in
such a form that it Is quickly avail-
able to the growing plant. Some of It
• remains in the soil to be used by the
succeeding crop. The presence of the
ammonia in the roots of these plants
Is make known by the nodules which
! are found on the roots. These nodules
i vary lri size from a mere speck to the
size of a pecan. It Is In these nodules
that tho ammonia Is stored. When
the growing plant matures, the nodules
decompose and the unused part of the
ammonia Is left In the soil to be taken
up by the succeeding crop. All of the
ammonia taken up by the roots is not
Not only Is the velvet bean valuable
for the amount of ammonia It will 1
leave in the soil, If plowed under, but '
It 1b also an important protein feed
for the production of meat and dairy |
products, and furnishes excellent win- I
ter forage for cattle and hogs.
The velvet bean may properly be
classed as a tropical plant, and re-
quires a long season to produce Its
maximum growth of vine and produc-
tion of seed. The plant will grow
as far north as the central part of
Missouri, but at that latitude it will
not produce seed. It will not yield a
profitable crop of seed more than 200
miles north of the Gulf coast. Its
culture Is thus limited to the South.
Minneapolis, Minn.—"After my little
(me was born 1 was sick with (mills in
my sides which the
doctors said were
caused by inflamma-
tion. I suffered a
great deal every
month and pr**w very
thin. I was under the
doctor's care for two
long years without
any benefit Finally
after repeated sug-
gestions to try it we
got Lydia E. Pink-
ham's Vegetable Compound. After tak-
ing the third bottle of the Compound I
was able to do my housework and today
I am strong and healthy again. I will
answer letters if anyone wishes to know
about my case. "—Mrs. Joseph Aselin,
628 Monroe St.,N.E., Minneapolis, Minn.
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com-
pound, made from native roots and
herbs, contains no narcotics or harmful
drugs, and today holds the record of
being the most successful remedy wo
know for woman's ills. If you need such
a medicine why don't you try it ?
If you have tho slightest doubt
that Lydia E. Pinkliam's Vegeta-
ble Compound will helpyou^write
to Lydia K.Pinkliatn MeriieiueCo.
(confidential) Lynn,Mass., for ad-
vice. Your letter will be opened,
read and answered by a woman*
and held in strict confidence.
To cure cocttvenesa the medicine muit be
more than a purgative; It must contain tonic,
■iterative r.nd cathartic properties.
tutt's Pills
poaaeaa theae qualttlea, and apeedlly reator®
to the bowel a their nntural periataltlc motion,
•o essential to regularity. —
ANCIENTS KNEW OF GLAZING
EXCELLENT AS LICE POWDER
Mixture of Two Quart of Road Dust
and One of Tobacco Dust Will
Destroy Parasites.
For lice on chickens the following ;
will be found to make a very good 1
powder and at little cost: Mix two 1
quarts of fine road dust and one pint i
of tobacco dust. It Is important that
the Ingredients be In fine dust. Place
In a tin can, having a perforated lid j
like a pepper box.
To apply, spread a newspaper on
the floor to catch the surplus powder,
and holding the fowl by the legs, head
downward so that the feathers will
fall away from the body, dust the
powder on. Rubbing the feathers
slightly with the hands will cause the
powder to penetrate and form a coat-
ing over the skin and destroy both the
lice and the mites.
Proof That Early Inhabitants of Mex-
ico Used Process In the Manu-
facture of Pottery.
The discovery by Henry C. Mercer
of Daylestown, Pa., that the ancient
inhabitants of Mexico used a glazing
process in the manufacture of their
pottery has revolutionized the views
of ceramic experts at tha University
of Pennsylvania, and may lead, says
American Art News, to the discovery
of beds of clay suitable for use today.
Mr. Mercer, who is an expert on til-
ing and a former curator of the Uni-
versity museum, during a recent study
of Mexican potteries at the museum,
had his attention called to the vari-
ance in workmanship in certain col-
lections. He promptly classified the
potteries as possessing two different
kiuds of clay, and was surprised to
find that a distinct glaze was still ap-
parent.
The ancient Egyptians, says Mr.
Mercer, did not glaze their works, the
Chinese adopting this precaution at a
later date to make their vessels im-
pervious to water. Civilization had
been established by this time, how-
ever, and the use of the glazing art
by prehistoric Mexicans may unfold
interesting ceramics.
GENERAL
The Nearer Hills.
"And, my dear, what mountains In
domestic lilfe give you most trou-
ble?"
"The kitchen range."—Judge.
Velvet Bean, •Showing Mature Pods
and Seeds.
stored In these nodules, for It Is dis-
tributed to all parts of the plant. In
fact, the greater part Is found In the
leaves, vines, and seeds. The amount
of nitrogen left in the soil by the roots
only Is worth considering. If, on the
other hand, velvet beans are grown,
and the entire crop, when matured,
plowed under as a fertilizer, the
amount of ammonia added to the soil
Is equal to an application of about
1,900 pounds per acre of cottonseed
meal, analyzing 7.5 per cent ammonia. J
The eggs for hatching should bo
fresh and clean.
Never overlook the matter of va-
riety in the laying hen's ration.
The test of a good feeder ie to keep
the milk flow from falling off now.
If yon would make your home at-
tractive have an orchard or fruit gar-
den.
Silos have put a very old-fashioned
appearance on the practise of shock-
ing corn.
It Is the early hatched pullet that
almost Invariably makes the best win-
ter layer.
• • •
Alfalfa hay cut into Inch lengths and
boiled makes a first-rate substitute for
green food.
Beef scrap Is a better egg producer ;
than red pepper and without danger
to the hens.
The early hatch Is better than the
one that comes off after the heat of
summer starts.
The man with well-dratned land gets
a quick start in the spring, and that
Is half the battK
• • •
The disk harrow is an indispensable ,
Implement on every farm. No other
tool take its place or do its work.
Simplified
Breakfasts
Make for good days
From a package
of fresh, crisp
Post
Toasties
fill a bowl and add cream or
milk.
Then, with some fruit, a cup
of Instant Postum, and a
poached egg or two if you
like, you have a simple break-
fast that is wholesome and
satisfying.
Toasties are bits of corn
carefully cooked, delicately
seasoned, and toasted to an
appetizing "brown" without
being touched by hand. They
look good, taste good, and
'The Memory Lingers"
Sold by Grocers-
Everywhere!
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Smith, Mamie. The Moore Messenger (Moore, Okla.), Vol. 7, No. 9, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 14, 1914, newspaper, May 14, 1914; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc109353/m1/6/?rotate=90: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.