Cleveland County Enterprise. (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 23, No. 25, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 24, 1914 Page: 3 of 8
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THE NORMAN ENTERPRISE
|KOKO>>>5K KO>X*>X«>>rOJ>
Fundamental
Principles of
Health^^
i
• V
By ALBERT S. GRAY, M. D.
'J
w. ... ■ • • • • • ■ *4
K*X*I*XO I*XOX*X*X*X''IOX^
(Copyrisht. 1914* by A. S. Gray)
THE RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS.
this disease seems to be steadil. de-
clining. In Massachusetts and New
Jersey and In sixteen American cities
the government reports Indicate that
mortality from career has increased
100 per cent since 1880, and during
the ten years from 1901 to 1911 it has
Increased 25 per cent. Cancer costs
the United States about 73,000 lives
annually and the rate in the registra-
tion area per 100,000 in IS 11 was "8;
in England and Wales it was 97. But
among the colored population in the
United States it was but 57.
There is a deep significance to
many minds In all the foregoing facts,
and men everywhere are searching
for the key to the riddle, and soma
day, half by chance perhaps, it "ill
be found.
IS
ALIVE IN WELL
Pennsylvania Farmer Imprisoned
Under Arch of Tons of Earth
and Stone.
HUNTER SHOOTS A
DEER WITH OPIUM
INJURIOUS AND PROLIFIC BOLL WEEVIL
DIRECTS OWN RESCUE
A WORD ABOUT CANCER.
The discovery of the X-ray by Pro-
fessor Roentgen in 1895 familiarized
the minds of men with a type of radi-
ation Invisible to the unaided eye but
able to traverse opaque objects and
affect a photographic plate behind
them. It had long been known that
certain substances exposed to sun-
shine afterwards glow In the durk, a
property known as phosphorescence,
and it had been discovered that the
X-ray developed these same qualities
la these substances. This led to ex-
periments to see if similar types of
rays were not produced in other ways.
T Like many other great discoveries,
the culmination of the search owed
something to luck or accident. Henri
Becquerel in Paris in 1896 chanced to
use a piece of uranium and discov-
ered in compounds of that element
emanations closely allied to the X-ray
In their general nature, a property we
now call radioactivity. These new
radiations In varying extent pass
through all matter quite independent
of whether it is opaque or transparent
to light. In addition to the proper
ties possessed by light of acting on a
photographic plate and of causing cer-
tain substances, like the platino-
cyanides, to fluoresce, the new redla-
tlons resembled the X-rays also in
"ionizing" the air and other gases,
rendering them for the time being
partial conductors of electricity.
The pioneer in developments on the
chemical side was Mme. Curie, who,
•with her husband, isolated radium
and polonium. Other investigators
following these lines developed some
thirty individual radio elements. As
a result of experiments, observations
and deductions, we are beginning to
suspect that there existB In every
form of matter the process of its own
decay, and this suspicion is gradually
crystallizing into a belief, a new phil-
osophy, a philosophy destined pro-
foundly to influence the thoughts and
actions of future generations of men.
The emanations from radioactive
elements have been classed as alpha,
beta and gamma rays, and are dis-
tinguished by enormous differences in
power of penetration. The alpha
rays have been shown to be atoms
of helium carrying an electrical
charge, and shooting out from radioac-
tive materials in the course of their
disintegration. The alpha rays of
radium are distinguishable in pene-
trating power from the alpha rays of
Uranium and from Thorium, but the
differences among alpha rays as a
class are small and unimportant, rela-
tively compared to the enormous dif-
ferences between any alpha ray and a
beta or a gamma ray.
The most penetrating alpha ray
known is not more than twice as pene-
trating as the least penetrating alpha
ray known, but beta rays as a class
are 100 times more penetrating than
alpha rays and the gamma rays in
turn are fully 100 times more pene-
trating than the beta rays as a class.
Alpha rays are completely absorbed
by thin screens of paper or a few
inches of air. while beta rays pass
(through a visiting card or ordinary
tinfoil with ease. But Soddy shows
that a gamma ray will penetrate one-
half Inch of steel or a stack of twelve
pennies, six inches of lead or one foot
of solid iron.
The compound microscope became
an efficient weapon of scientific truth
about 1830, and in 1839 Schwann dem-
onstrated that "all the higher arimals
are commonwealths of cells." In 1S58
Virchow published his epoch-making
■work on cellular pathology and dem-
onstrated that "every animal presents
itself as a sum of vital entities, every
one of which manifests all the char-
acteristics of life." All living crea-
tures, whether trees, microbes or men.
were shown to be either single cells
or colonies of cells, and all cells were
shown to be composed of the same
material, "protoplasm."
Every human individual begins life
as a single cell about a hundred and
twentieth of an inch In diameter and
In the brief period of forty weeks at-
tains an average weight of approxi-
mately seven pounds. After birth
there ensues n period of growth.
Orowth is not a simple augmentation
of volume, but an alteration in form
and type.
For Instance, if we compare the
skeleton of a new-born child with that
of an adult, we discover vast differ-
ences between the relative propor-
tions of the different parts. The
child's head is enormously larger than
that of the adult in proportion to Its
stature and the chest measure also
la markedly groater In the child.
These facts imply the presence of
some check, a balance wheel or
growth regulator. It is easy to under-
stand that anything that will throw
these growth regulation factors out of
gear must produce grave results and
in the extraordinary Increase In the
mortality from cancer we have the
results of such a disturbance.
The power of human resistance to
Strain of Spending 18 Hours Under 35
Feet of Fallen Wall Prove Too
Great for Chapman and
His Heart Fails.
United States government reports
show that during the ten years pre-
ceding 1911 the population of this
country increased 21 per cent. Dur-
ing this period the death rate per
100,000 from cancer Increased 20 per
cent among males and 22 per cent
among females. "The extraordinary
increase in the mortality due to can-
cer in this and other countries has
long since raised that malady to the
proportions of a great plague," says
an authority who wrote on this sub-
ject recently. "The power of human
resistance to this disease seems to
be steadily declining." He then pro-
ceeds to predict that at the present
rate of increase in another 25 years
cancer will cause more deaths than
tuberculosis, typhoid fever and ma-
laria combined.
Scientists throughout the world are
diligently searching for the cause of
this fearful scourge of mankind, in
order that a specific preventive and
cure may be found. Meanwhile ev
ery individual should be informed
that cancer is to a large degree pre-
ventable if we will but apply the
knowledge we already possess to
guard against it.
There are many theories as to the
cause of cancer, the most logical one
being that advanced by a group of
microscoplsts working along biologi-
cal lines. The basis of this theory is
that cancer i3 a state of anarchy with-
in the body. To be able to grasp the
theory and also to understand why tht
X ray is at all effective in cases of
cancer it is necessary to have a
thorough comprehension of the prop-
osition advanced by Virchow in 1858,
which I have noted in a previous ar-
ticle; namely, that each one of the
cells composing the human body is
a distinct individual possessed of all
the characteristics of life. That is
to say, every reader of this article
is composed of many billions of indi-
viduals, each having all the powers
and faculties that the reader is con-
scious of possessing and differing in
no way save in degree. Every living
thing is constructed of these same in-
dividual cells, composed of the same
protoplasm, and differs only in organ-
ization.
According to the above mentioned
theory of cancer, for some reaeon one
of these individual cells declares its
independence of all the rest of the
body, refuses longer to co-operate and
goes on strike. We do not know
whether the body makes any effort
to cast the striker out of the commu-
nity or not; but however that may
be the unruly cell proceeds to pro-
liferate—that is to say, It multiplies
by dividing, one cell splitting into
two, the two into four, the four into
eight and so on, thus multiplying be-
yond all nornml limitations and so.
growing inordinately, wrecks the en-
tire organism.
It is during the first few years and j
more particularly during the first year
of life that the highest human mor-
tality takes place. The newly pro-
liferated cells are not thoroughly or-
ganized and the entire organism is
therefore weak and unstable. Ordi-
narily we do not think of working
young children or animals, beause we
know that their tissues are soft and
therefore that they may very easily
be broken down and ruined; but at
maturity we know there is a more per-
fect organization, the cells are more
fixed, stable and adaptable and are
therefore highly resistant. This fact
forms the basis for the action of the
X-rays on cancer.
There is no remedy known to medi-
cine that has a selective influence,
there is nothing that can be put into
these bodies of ours that will drive
disease out and not touch healthy
tissues. But, depending on the state
of the Individual cell vitality, tissues
react differently to the same influ-
ence; hence tissues having marked
power of proliferation are necessarily
composed of masses of these young or
"juvenile" cells and are of course vast-
ly more susceptible to any Influence
than are the more fully formed and
stable "adult" cells which may often
remain unchanged for years.
An "anarchist cell" finds a favora-
ble location and proceeds to prolifer-
ate; that Is to say, It multiplies by
division, as all the somatic cells do,
and these young and weak cells form
what Is technically known as "juve-
nile" tissue within the more stable,
older, or "adult' tissue of the organ
in which the cancerous process is ta-
king place. If now the "hard," very
penetrating rays of the X-ray are
turned upon this diseased area one
of two things takes place—either the
short, sharp oscillations, which we
have noted approximate more than
S00,000,000,000 per second, shake these
weak "juvenile" cells into a healthful
reaction, or they destroy them as a
dog kills a rat by shaking it, and the
healthy cells are stimulated by the
light.
Wheatsheaf, Pa.—Imprisonment for
18 hours under tons of earth in an old
32-foot well so seriously affected Wil-
liam Chapman of Wheatsheaf that he
died a few minutes before he was dug
out, after directing the efforts of res-
etters for several hours Physicians
worked for an hour with a pulmotor
and. oxygen, but failed to revive Mr.
Chapman It Is believed his heart
failed when he felt the hand of the
first rescuer to reach hint and that
death followed instantly.
Mr. Chapman was a farmer and
was also employed as engineer in the
workings of the Penn Sand & Gravel
company of Tullytown. He was a
sturdy man of middle age, in excellent
health.
Well Caves In.
Because of recent rains, Mr. Chap-
man was unable to work in the Penn
quarries and determined to make some
repairs in the well on the farm he had
rented. He was descending the slip-
pery wall when two large stones
slipped from their places in the wall
of the well and precipitated him to
the bottom, following which the sides
caved in on him. Mrs. Chapman, who
was in the house, heard the crash and
rushed to the well.
It Is believed that when the wall of
the weU collapsed the stones formed
an arch, thus saving Mr. Chapman
from instant death. In his narrow
prison he obtained air through crevices
in the rocks and was able to make
such sounds that his relatives and
friends knew he was alive.
Men Worked Frantically for Hours.
For 18 hour3 men worked in relays
of four hours each removing earth and
stones from the well. Several times
Adirondack Guide Puts Big Buck
to Sleep and Captures
It Alive.
Rome, N. Y.—An Adirondack guide
dropped into Boonville, north of this
city, the other day to lay in his winter
supply of provisions, traps, ammuni-
tion and clothing, and told of his in-
genious capture, alive, of a big buck.
A man who owns a large deer park
in the southern part of the Adiron-
dacks had seen an unusually large
buck that he was very anxious to se-
cure for his preserve and he offered
$100 for It alive and crated, ready for
shipment. All the guides in that sec-
■
■
^Jfcg
-
Sent Contents of Both Barrels
Its Side.
tion knew of the big deer and made ef-
forts to get it alive
John Benham went to the nearest
village and had the druggist make
some pellets of glue. Hour, paste and
opium a trifle larger than buckshot.
Then he loaded several shells with
them.
The next time he saw the hig buck
on the runway he sent the contents of
both barrels into its side. It ran and
he followed it, coming up to it about
two hours later The buck A'as in a
clump of evergreens fast asleep.
As soon as the hardened mixture so
heavily loaded with opium entered the
deer's body it had begun to dissolve,
and scon the animal was overcome by
sleep.
Benham said the deer had run in a
circle and was only a few rods from
his camp when it dropped asleep.
It was carried to eamp and boxed for
shipment, the antlers and hoofs being
tied to the sides and bottom of the
crate When the buck awoke it was
well on its way to the private park.
Benham got a check for $100 the next
day.
Fig. 1—Bloom Damaged by Boll Weevil. Fig. 2—Cotton Square Punctured
by Boll Weevil. Fig. 3—Boll Weevil in Flight.
The Mexican boll weevil at work is | many sections, and tills Is now the
jne of the most industrious, persistent
ind prolific little animals of which we
have any record
State Entomologist E. Lee Worsham
if the Georgia department points out
that each female will lay approximate-
ly three hundred eggs which come to
maturity within fifteen to twenty-five
dayB, according to the season, and
there are about four generations each
year so that each female may give
rise to some 12,500,000 progeny. One
female, therefore, In a cotton field at
the beginning of the season, could
come pretty near destroying the crop
In that field before picking time.
The female deposits her eggs in-
side the square or boll, preferably the
former, and for this reason they are
not often seen by the farmer. During
the early season the weevil does not
attack the mature bolls, but when food
is scarce in late season, bolls are bad-
ly Infected, and many larvae or imma-
ture weevils are found inside of them.
The egg hatches within a few days
basis of all farm demonstration work
In this direction.
Mr. Hunter has surrounded himself
for the past ten years with an ade-
quate force of trained specialists who
have been watching every phase of the
problem. In addition to the boll-weevil
problem, Mr. Hunter is in charge of all
insect investigations affecting cot-
ton, sugar cane, tobacco and rice.
But as if these were not enough to
occupy the attention of this exceeding-
ly active man, he also directs the In-
vestigation of insects affecting the
health of man and animal, including
cattle ticks, stable flies, house flies,
and the diseases of malaria, pellagra
and Rocky mountain spot fever. He Is
thoroughly versed In the minutest
phases of these problems. A great
deal of his time is also taken up as
a member of the federal horticultu-
ral board whose duty is to protect
this country from the importation
of injurious plant and animal pests
from abroad. Mr. Hunter is presi-
dent of the Washington Entomologi-
S? XSJFZ j society . d ed.tor Of Its proceed.
Inside the square or boll and gnaws its j
way out. In the early part of the > c
Beason this process requires about . ganlzatlons
twenty-five days, but later on fifteen
to seventeen days, are sufficient. As
i rule the adult weevils do not live
very long, but the United States bu-
reau of entomology reports a few spec-
imens that lived a little more than
eleven months.
The weevil is known to feed on a
few other plants besides cotton, one
in particular being a species of Thur-
beria found growing wild in Arizona,
and which is perhaps more like the
cotton plant than any other.
The young weevils are very soft and
if a light yellow color. They remain
in the pupal shell for about two days,
and when the body Is sufficiently hard-
ened they go out in search of food.
The adult is a brownish beetle with
i snout or slightly curved beak. The
miailest ones are about one-tenth of
in inch long, while the largest ones
ire a quarter of an incn long, the size
SAVED FROM LIVING TOIV.B
Held for Forty-Eight Hours in Quick-
sand—Barrel Is Improvised
Diver's Helmet.
The weevil spends the winter in the
ulult stage. At the approach of cold
weather the adults desert the cotton
plants and go into hibernation in seed
houses, in wooded areas, under trash,
weeds, grass, along terraces, fences
and roads, and particularly in Spanish
moss wherever it grows. As soon as
. , , -ihe temperature gets as low as 5G de-
Ware, Mass.—After 48 hours ton- begin to hunt cover. Dur-
prlBonme.it in quicksand, 25 feet below , ^ monthg (h(iy are 1[Uled
' " from various causes, principally the Be-
ings. He 1b a member of the Cosmos
lub and of many other scientific or-
tions.
For the purposes of this article Mr.
Hunter has furnished the following
interesting statement relative to the
boll weevil:
"The boll weevil will undoubtedly
reach the border of Georgia during
the present season and may extend its
range some little distance within the
slate. If it had not been for rather
unusual circumstances the Invasion ol
Georgia would have been extensive.
Among these circumstances was an
early frost in 1913 which killed many
of Ihe weevils and drove others into
hibernation far ahead of the usual
date. Many of these weevils would
have continued their flight into unin-
fested territory if it had not been for
the early frost. The other reason for
an unusually restricted dispersion ol
movements In 1914 was the dry weath-
er of August and early September
This prevented the development ol
iependiug largely on the food sup- many weevlts aml is important in
1 b B ' connection with dispersion, the ex-
? y- ' tent of which depends largely upon
Precipitated Him to the Bottom.
tliey were driven from their task by
cave-ins caused by heavy rains. Finally
they were within a few feet of Mr,
Chapman. He directed their efforts,
took nourishment through a tube,
spoke words of comfort to his wife and |eg8 ag ^^fore
appeared to be both rational and | An jmpr0Vjsed diver's helmet made
Bound. I from a barrel was lowered into the
Soon the workmen reached the last | )]0le just after mijnight and Allen was
the surface of the earth. Maurice Alle
was rescued by a gang of 50 firemen,
policemen and citizens, who had dug a
ditch 50 feet long and 30 feet deep
to reach him.
Allen was conscious when rescued,
but very weak. He said he had been
unable to help himself, as his feet
were held firmly by a piece of plank-
ing. A bit and saw, which were low-
ered to him, enabled him to work one
of his feet free, but another cave-in
buried the toois and left him as help-
layer of stor.c. Some worked at the
stone while others slipped their hands
through crevices and supported Chap
man. Even then he appeared to be
able to help himself, but when the last
rocks were removed and Chapman
was taken from the well he w as dead,
having succumbed just as assurances
of safety reached him.
supplied with air by a pump.
vore cold weather. A temperature of
12 degrees Fahrenheit Is fatal to them,
and rarely more than seven per cent
of them emerge alive under the most
favorable conditions. Sometimes it
is nearer one per cent.
In the spring those weevils which
have escaped the cold weather emerge
and begin to hunt cotton. Some of
them come out as early as February.
Others do not get out until along about
the first of July. It takes a tempera-
ture around slxty-flve to seventy-five
jegrees to bring them out in large
numbers. When the old weevils come
3ut of their winter quarters they go
jtraight to the cotton plant If there
on it, they attack the
AUTO RUNS OVER BLACK BEAR
' )iant Itself, puncturing the stem, and
unless the plant is a very hardy one
Bruin, Amazed at New Kind of Enemy,
Breaks Speed Records Getting
Away From There.
I.ewlston, Pa.—William Boyer and
Mirn pi|T nrr ap cup pi cpT Willis Riden, while taking a spin In an
HAIH LUI Ur r bML _Li.ri ^ on gta|e road ln the ,4(lwlston
Girl Awakes to Find Her Tresses, tho
Family's Pride, Gone—Act of
Revenge.
Orange, N. J.—When Mary Carnova,
the thirteen-year-old daughter of An-
tonio Carnova of 12 Forest street,
Orange, awoke one morning recently
she found that her long black hair,
which was of exceptional beauty and
the pride of the family, had been cut
off. She did not know how or when
she had been despoiled.
The police arrested Polo Cripsy,
aged fifty-one, a boarder at the Car-
nova home, but Carnova would not be-
lieve Cripsy was guilty, and the
charge against him was dismissed.
Chief of Police Drabell believes that
the hair was cut off for revenge by
some enemy of the girl's father.
Narrows, ran across a black bear that
was ambling across the road just as
they shot around a sharp turn at
Ryan's camp.
Bruin promptly gathered himself to-
gether and cut the dust for the tall
timber, and the boys hurried here to
tell their story.
More than one hundred huntera took
the trail with guns, hunters' licenses
and visions of bear steak for the fam-
ily menu.
.t is likely to be killed. The weevil
feeds on the tender growing shoots
md new leaves until the first squares
appear When a young square Is
punctured by a weevil it flaroB open
ind soon falls to the ground; for this
reason there is an absence of bloom
where weevils are abundant.
The boll weevil travels hy means of
its wings and can easily fly twenty-five
to fifty miles at a single flight. The
inly reason for traveling iB search for
the volume of weevils present in the
territory from which the flight, takes
place. Although the movement of
1914 will not be as extensive as the
movements of some other seasons
there will be continuous spread from
year to year, and the average distance
covered will undoubtedly continue to
be in the neighborhood of fifty miles
each season.
"One of the most important recent
discoveries about the boll weevil is
its occurrence on a wild cotton-like
plant in Arizona. This plant grows in
mountain canyons and has furnished
food for the weevil for many centu-
ries. It has been found from experi-
ments performed recently that the
Arizona weevils need only the pres-
ence of cotton to transfer their attack
against that plant. The importance
of the discovery lies in the fact that
the Arizona weevil has acquired an
ability to stand extreme arid condi-
tions. It is the absence of such pow-
er on the part of the form of the
boll weevil which occurs outside of
Arizona that has prevented the inva-
sion of the drier portious of Texas.
"In connection with the recent dis-
cussion of the necessity of reducing
the production of cotton in the United
States it has been proposed by a num-
ber of persons that the time is op-
portune for the eradication of the
weevil by compelling the abandonment
of cotton for one year at least in all
of the territory which has been reached
by the insect up to the present time.
There are very serious practical diffi-
culties in the way of this plan. Spe-
cial legislation would have to be en>
acted, and a very large appropriation
would be required to enforce the regu-
food When food is scarce It will travel I lations. Undoubtedly in many local!-
COW ON TRESTLE HALTS ALL in 1914.
There
Falls Between Sills and Owner Cau-
i greater distance In 1912 the weevil
idvanced through Alabama a distance
if about one hundred miles and
camped for the winter within fifty
niles of the Georgia line. Under these
conditions it was naturally expect-
!d that it would get into Georgia
Wife Killed Babies and Herself.
Thayer, Kan.—Mrs. Lee Moore,
who had been deserted by her hus-
band, killed her two small children
and then committed suicide. The
bodies fif all three were found in a bo handled roughly and the railroaders
tions the Trackmen to Handle
Her Carefully.
Hazleton, Pa.—Transportation on
the Jeddo branch of the Hazleton &
Mahanoy division of the Lehigh rail-
road was tied up for half a day by a
cow which in v-alking across the tres-
tle near Drifton fell down between the
sills.
Her owner would not permit her to
Well.
had their hands full to get her out.
Is no greater authority in
America on the boll weevil than W. I>.
Hunter, agent of the Uuited States
bureau of entomology in charge of
crop insect investigation in the South.
Mr. Hunter began studying the boll
weevil in 1902 and has perhaps a
more intimate knowledge of this and
ther cotton insects than any other
*ian In the world. Through his ener-
getic and masterful direction of the
investigation, the cultural Bystem of
cotton production devised to meet the
ittack of the boll weevil has been ue-
ties there would be a strong disinclinar
tion on the part of the planters to
abandon cotton, and strict measures
would be necessary to bring about
general action. Moreover, there is
much volunteer cotton in the South
each year, especially after wild win-
ters. Seeds which fall from the bolls
in tho fall frequently live through the
winter and are planted unintentionally
in the preparation of the ground the
following season. About gins and oil
mills many volunteer plants grow.
Where the conditions are favorable
large numbers of such plants are also
to be found along the rights-of-way of
railroads. In this case the plants
spring from seed that are dropped
from the passing cars. Very thorough
work would have to be done in every
locality throughout the Si ttn to guard
against the breeding of we vils ou vol4
reloped and put into application iui uuteer plants."
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Cleveland County Enterprise. (Norman, Okla.), Vol. 23, No. 25, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 24, 1914, newspaper, December 24, 1914; (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc108482/m1/3/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.