The Oklahoma Farmer and Laborer (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 2, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, June 17, 1910 Page: 3 of 4
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UNE0RP
WOIHILrli
New York.—One of the unsolved
problems In the labor movement is
what Is best to b>> done with the un-
employed. Assemblyman O'Connor
believes lie has foifnd a solution. Ho
would oreate a commissioner of the
unemployed, defining his duties and
powers and placing him under- the
commission of labor. It will be the
duty of the commissioner to establish
bureaus in all cities of Ihe stale; to
keep a recorjj of all persons unem-
ployed in such cities; to note the kind
of work such unemployed person Is
best suited to perform; to Institute
inquiries likely to lead to employ-
ment and to make effort to obtain
employment for men and women liv-
ing in enforced idleness.
Indianapolis.—The cigar makers
have long been talking of building a
home, but it now looks as if they were
soon to vote on the proposition. It is
proposed 10 levy ijn assessment ol $,,,
payable at the rate of cents a
month for one year, on all 40 and la
(ent members to provide funds foi
building and equipping the home, the
maintenance to be provided thereaft
er by assessment along the same lines
as now followed by ihe printer:?. The
matter will soon be submitted to the
•
Washington.—Brewers have con-
ceded to their employees an eight
hour day. In return ihe employees
have agreed to take not more than
two drinks of beer during ihe eight
hours. No wave of temperance re-
form on the |. ;;v of the brewery m;;n
agements, however, is responsible, but
a wish *to get a full measure of work
out of ihe employees. Before and aft-
er working hours It is agraed the em-
ployees can drink ail the beer they
want. |
Washington.—Frank ,Y< rrison, sec-
retary ol the American Federation ol
faboi', reports or I!-.- month* of
the federation year an increase in per
capita tax ol $1,401.27 over a like pe-
riod last year, 'i 1 n indicate s an in-
creased membership ol six thousand.
The feu-ration I - issrctl 102 char
ters, as against 52 for a corn Kpondit g
time last year. Affiliated International
unions report the l . uance of fin chat-
ters within tile last five months
Shamokin, Pa. Then ha.- b- n' n%
special meeting here of the .troth hood
el Trainmen en tiie Philadelphia &
Heading Railroad company to con
b.der an alleged strike vote. Presi-
dent Harry Kleckner oi this .place
president of th - !ocal branch, tati-
that the wage que: on has been ami
cably sett'ed with the company.
Wi ihington. A 1 Il*-reatiEg a com
i ission to invest' te the advlsabil
ity of a nation.'1 workmen's compen-
sation act, ti t ough whic h workii gme n
and their'famUlA would be compen-
sated by their employers on a fixed
basis in cases of injury or accidental
death, Is now pending in the house ol
:. presentatives.
* Detroit, A'.ich.—The International
Btotherhe)od ol Locomotive Engineers
in biennial session re-elected for
• terms of four years, General .Secre-
tary W. B. Prenter of Cleveland and
A- istant Grand Chief Engineer H. E.
Wills of Milwaukee, Michael W. Ka-
dle, Si ualin. Mo., and E. Corrigan,
Hillsboro, Tex.
Toreinto, Canada.—A number of
rharwgmeit and window cleaners have
i : (If ;m • lie at ii ti lei 11)0 organization
committee of the elistrict council to
form, a union and become a part of
the A F." of L. Many thousands of
these women in the United Stales are
itlre sidy organized.
San-Bernardino, Cal.—A boycott has
1 on declared'by the San Bernardino
* County Building Trades council on all
i et i-h i - and 1. :''r• -■ iiu ti of tJi :
city, Redlnnds and Riverside who em-
p'oy Japanese or other Asiatic labor
The council represents several hull
dred workmen.
Boston. — Elevator Constructors
i in : 'gr.i el an agreement with the
e nloyers wlie reby th' men shall re
i lve .'4.50 a day for medhanlci am'
f.t ii day for helpers. This is an in
e teas ■ eif 50 cents for mechanics and
?5 cents for belpejrs. •
Vlcteiria, Austiia.—The present sup
ply of female labor is quite unequal
to the demand. This has long been
the case so far as domestic service i
concerned, anef now lj>e "dearth of fe
•mule workers has spread to the fae*
torles as well.
Spokane, Wash.—The fight for p.l
leged free speech has been won by the
Industrial Workers of the World, it it
stated. Th# city council Is reported
lo have* agreed to pass a reasonable
ordinance to regulate street speaking
Cleveland, O.—D< mantling a 12-hour
working day and holidays off, 100 em
pfoyecs of the Great Lakes Towlni
company quit work. As a result lak;
navigation in and out of Cleveland
harbor was at a standstill.
Boston. Mass.—The veto by Goy
lira per of the bill making eight hours
a (lay's labor for public employees
was sustained in the house.
Hutte, Mont.—One thousand re' ill
clerks were recently organized in. a
union, which will own allegianpe to
the A. F. of L.
Saratoga.—The mills of the Inter-
national Paper company at Palmer
Falls were cleared of strike breakers,
preparatory to resuming operations
w ith the former employees w ho went
on strike in March, but who are now
to return to work in accordance with
the agreement recently reached be-
tween the - company and ih« men.
Three hundred strike breakers left
the mills under military guard and
were sent away by the company on a
special train. There was no disorder.
Company L of the state militia, which
has been on guard at the plant since
the striken began. has beo# ordered
back to Saratoga. The expense for
military protection at the Palmer
Falls plant since the strike began will
reach $50,000.
•Durham, Ga.—Twenty-eight Italian
^miners, who were accused of intlmi-
elating the officials of the Durham
Coal and Coke company's mines here
and arrested by state troops sent by
Governor Brown, • were forcibly de-
ported without trial. The arrests
were made without disorder. They
claimed that the company owed them
arrears of wages and they refused to
return to work until they were:' paid.
The men left in the custody of Sheriff
Germany and arm. d deputies of
Walker county, and were released at
C'hickamauga, Ga en their promise
not to return to Durham.
Indianapolis.-rln proportion to the
membership there is a smaller num-
'ber of members of the United Brother-
hood of Carpenters and Joiner.; on
• trike now than at th corresponding
time during any previous year, ac
cording' to Wil.iat.i Hither, general
president of the organization. There
are fewer than 2,000 of the members
on strike at the present time, and
these are in the smaller etfles and
towns, while the mi nibi rslii| in
(Sopd standing is more than 1S7,00h
Good conditions are said to prevail
generally in the organization.
New York.—Commencing with th
year 1911, the lith. gn t hie trade, en
bracing a membership around thirty
thousand through" I litis com ft> wi1
begin on an eight-hour e^iy instead
of the nine-hour day as at present. A
plan is said to havP been adopted by
the employers whi h will also give' te
the men an insurance without cost,
to them covering a. < dent, health an
life.
Buffalo, N. Y.—Four hundred ma
cliinists employed at ih-> Buffalo plant
oi the Otis Elevator company have
served notice that a strike will bo
called unless their demands /or in
creased wages and reduced working
hours are complleel with Their de-
mands are said to be a minimum scale
of $2.75 and a reduction from a ten
to a nine hour day and a closed shop
New York.—The American Iron and
Steel Institute, about which little has
been heard since its organization two
years ago hy Ihe leading iron and
steel men of the country, decided at a
dinner in the Waldorf-Astoria on steps
Ir king to fhe gradual curtailment of
Sunday work in the plants of Its
ne tubers in the United States.
Washington.—As a result of the
referendum vote f: st by local unions
of t'ae Western Fe deration of Miners,
the organization will ask, for a char
er from the American Federation of
Labor, the proposition carrying by
s ven votes. Out of the L'fii locals in
he federation only five voted against
I be> proposed at' Mntion.
Toleelo, O.—The National Malleable
Casting company, which closed down
its i hint, throwing 1,400 men out of
v ork. owing to a strike of aboiit 75
men in the ntoiders' room, resutned
^operations.
I'e.'inbjirgh, Scotland.—It is about 40
years ago since women compositors
were introduced into the printing
ti ale in Edinburgh. It is estimated
that ti ey now equal the men employed
at the case.
Leo's, Eng.—An Important confer-
ence has just been held in this^city
to start the Fede r it ion of Shop As-
■ista ' s, Cooperative Employees, and
Railway Clerks' unions of that city.
Washington.—There were 28.947
persons in the federal employ in
Washington, D. ^C., July 1 last. The
annual pay roll Tor them Is 31,541.225,
in av rage of nearly $1,100 each.
Washington.—Duiing the last year
preventable accidents Injured, it is
said, half a million workmen in the
United States and entailed a loss of
$260,000,000 to manufacturers.
Turin. Italy.—The cabinet makers
have • tntck'for a wage of nine ci nts
in hour.
Sail Francisco, Cal.—A union of
piano polishers is being organized.
Delay.
"Why did yon postpone your divorce
proceedings?"
it was absolutely necessary to do
so," replied Mrs. Flimgilt, "until I
conpult with my photographer. I
haven't a picture that I would he will-
ing to see in print."
THE IRON HORSE.
I Bins the suns « f ti iron hora%
Great horse of whirring wheelflt
Of th > red flame's kiss,
< >f the Rray strain's hiss.
The piston's turn with n-ver a m!**.
Ami i..al find oil for meals.
Oh. the hills I skim as 1 rush my courts,
Straight tours, of whizstng
As 1 leap* wihl Htifunis.
Ami the earth's threat wenms,
With the r. cliiiK rot k •of day and
dreams.
And not a nerve to heed!
I sow ric h ho.-d as 1 race tin- wind,—
Tin- seeds of cities fair, ,
Of rieh fields ol grain,
i m the bare, dry plain,
'The bursting boll ami ihe sugared cane.
And rout the wolf and be n .
®
When I pause to breathe J croon and
purr.—
Then swift to the onward rush!
And the sun's hot blaze.
And the stars' clear gaxo,
The deeps of night and the fog's white
lmzo
Are mine with dawn's first blusli.
And naught ran match with mv giant
strength.
The, s n unth that worlds can span.
As I bind the earth
With my bright steel girth,—
Wake dormant splu i- - to lusty birth.
And take my toll of Man'
PARTY IN TROUBLE
SPIRIT OF FACTION AMONG
REPUBLICANS.
J. B. FAIRFIELD,
Transfer, Coal, Wood and Storage
CARRIES TRAINS ACROSS S£A
Innovation Largely an Experiment,
But There Seems Every Pros-
pect of Success,
A steamer of an uncommon type Is
Just about to undergo her trials in
Kngland. This is the sea-going train
!< rry Drottning Victoria, built on the
Tyne by Messrs. Swan, Hunter and
Wigham RichaidsoEff The vessel is
intended to enrrv railway trains
across the sea. She is to link up Sass-
nitz. in Germany, with Trelleberg, in
Sweden, a distance of no 1< ss than 6H
nautical miles. It is not a case of
transport Jn smooth waters, but across
i sea in which rough weather is not
of infrequent occurrence. The speed
of 'he yess 'l, which is to be over 16
knots, should enable her to make the
voyage in something less than four
hours, an 1 all the usual arrangements
lor assuring steadiness have been in-
troduced. Th< vessel herself, too, is
of a size whic h should enable her io
withstand the influence of any but ex-
ceptional seas. She is 354 feet in
length-? with a beam of 50 feet, and
she has twin screws to propel her.
The design of the vessel is ingen-
ious. Outwardly there is very little
to sugge.-' her spec ial purpose. As a
matter of fact, she has two railroad
tracks alone her deck, and here the
railroad carriage s in course of trans-
it will be placed. Passengers may
remain in the carriages or sleeping
berths of the train, or, if they desire
a change, they can obtain it.' Above
the car deck are a smoking room,
lounge, and special suites, while be-
neath the car deck are stat erooms.
The vessel has been built to the offder
of the Swedish state railways, and is
an experiment in the transport of
railroad trains from one country to
another v\ hose working will be
watched with much interest.
Voters Are In Good Mood to Elect a
Democratic Congress—President
Taft Proves Unable to Bring
About Reconciliation.
Tn spite of his tact, amiability and
good humor, tha president is not hav-
ing things his own way. Tht* spirit of
faction so rife among th<* Hep iblican
members of congress is embarrassing
him at every turn and his policies are
not commanding the united support be
anticipated. So manifest are the dif-
ferences and so bitter the quarrels
that doubt is expressed that the ad-
ministration will be able to get
through such measures as provide for
postal savings hanks, the granting of
national charters to corporations ti fl-
ing an int• ist:itr> lusines > and the ere
i ation of a court of commerce.
The Republican quarrels in the
| house are not, however, due to any
p< r onal antipathy to tie- president.
; They are merely a reflection of the dis-
j consent existing among Republicans
I throughout the country. The member
|g qulok tO learn of di68&tlBfaction
among his constituents and he is cer-
tain to reflect it, even though It dis-
turb his relations with the higher par-
ty authorities in Washington.* lie
wants a re-election and his sympa-
thies are with the voters and he will
not be slow to raise a lu^vl when the
voters begin to show signs of dis-
pleasure.
These conditions are playing havoc
with the Taft administration, however®
and the inability of the president to
reconcile party differences is rapidly
affecting his popularity. His inabilty
to ®do things" has already started Mr
Roosevelt's clackers and they are be-
ginning to agitate that third term
business on the ground that the Re-
publican party needs a man who can
"do things."
And in the midst of the disturbance
there is some talk of "traitors" in the
Taft camp, the traitors being men in
iftfice who are not loyal to their chief,
but who are awaiting a favorable op-
portunity to give impetus to the
Roosevelt movement.
When Mr. Roosevelt returns, it need
not 1 doubted that h<- will ge? Into
the game in a most emphatic manner,
either as a dissenter or as one of the
president's allies. *lf the third term
bee (is pestering him, Taft is noj like-
ly to have much peace during the rest
of hi: term; if li" remains loyal hi*
sebaceous frit ■i«i, then the insurgents
In congress will get a shaking up they
|Will not soon forget.
Receivers and Distributors of Car Lots.
Phone, No. 20
Squirrel Finds Hidden Treasure.
Otto Speltz of Belllngham, Wash.,
has a pet red squirrel and one morn-
ing this week was surprised to see the
little rodent tenring a five-dollar Can-
adian bill to pieces. Speltz rescued
the money and has seiy. it*to Ottawa
lor redemption.
He had no more than dispatched the
letter containing the shreds of the
five than the squirrel was found play-
ing with a piece of a United States
$10 hill.
Speltz garnered this money in be-
fore it was too damaged for barter
and is, now watching the movements
of his pet. It Is believed the rodent
has discovered a hidden hoard laid
away In past years by a miser or
cached by a robber in a hollow tree
and found by the pet.
"Class" on British Railroads.
Classification in England is on the
wane, or aelse the "gentry" have all
•taken to automobiles. The first-class
British railroad compartment is be-
coming a white elephant for the rail-
roads. / Everybody goes second or
third, except the rich Americans. The
companies have been grumbling about
conditions for a long time, and it is
now rumored that something drastic
is in tlufcwind—either a very mate-
rial reduction in the first-class fare, or
an actual elimination of the class sys-
tem from the passenger service. That
this is bound to be the ultimate result
of present conditions there seems lit-
tlle doubt, although a reduction of fare
may be tried, to begin with. The
American system will probably be
adopted. Our Pullmans* and day
coaches furnisli a two-class passenger
service without any of the uppleasant
complications involved with British
and continental Tnethods. The day
coach is first-class—tha.t. is, we start
at the top instead of fhe bottom—and
the Pullman super-first. Our pluto-
crats who wish for complete peripa-
tetic seclusion use private cars. This
seems to be what England is com-
ing to.
Peculiar Electric Locomotive.
A recent number of the Electric
Railway .Journal describes a peculiar
electric locomotive used for canal
haulage near Bremen, Germany. The
locomotive runs on a quay, which has
to be kept clear for the passage of
dravs. In order to secure the requi-
site weight for adhesion, the locomo-
tive is built in the form of two invert-
ed U's connected at the top with a
girder. The width of each base is
only 28 inches, and so the driving mo-
tor had to be placed in the up'per part
of the superstructure. The locomo-
tive thus straddles the traffic, and can
travel up and down the quay without
disturbing the trucks, which pass be-
'tween the U's and under the connect-
ing girder.
407-409 WEST HARRISO AVE.. GUTHRIE, OKLA
J. ti. RUCKS,
X5he GROCER
PHONES — IQ2 and 374. 114.116 North Division.
GUTHRIE, . . OKLAHOMA
We lunt' the Infffest nnd most complete stock of
(groc er I e s)
IN'GUTHRIE. '
W'e solicit v«ur trade. A'e are sole JfiiiMitu for
SANBCJKXS ( OH'KKS and
An-up-tc-date Meat Market in Con-
nection witH Grocery Store.
V'HMsnaMrtlBl
High Cost of Living and Tariff.
About a year age there was a spe-
cial tariff commission appointed that
worked arduously for nearly six
months and finally succeeded in pass-
ing the most outrageous tariff bill
ever concocted. And®what is more,
they got it accepted and signed by
President Taft. We now find the
newspapers full of v hat is being domt
in Washington toward prosecuting tii<
wicked trusts which Control the mar
kets and the price of food, making
the cost of living so high. %
All this talk is being made, not to
benefit the masses or hurt the monop-
olies, but to fool the people and direct
their minds away from the real cause
of the trouble, which 1s the iniquitous
tariff bill passed in the Interest of the
trusts and monopolies last year. The
people are gradually beginning to real-
ize the real cause ol1 tjie high prices.
There is nothing we use, eat, drink or
wear, from the socks on our feet to
the roofs over our heads, which does
not cost from 25 to 50 per cent, more
than it otherwise would on account of
the tariff.
People Waking Up.
The Indictment of the packers in a
New Jersey court is another indica-
tion that the old days are past—the
days when corporate powers were re-
garded as essentially sacred, when the
laws of "evolution", were supposed to
make the laissez-faire principle the
only rational one, and every advance
in prices and expansion of securities
was supposed to 1 4' as inevitable as
the movement of the stars in their
courses. The people are waking up *>
the fact that a good many "inevitable"
things have come to pass in the com-
mercial world because of the deliber-
ate intention of men of large opportu-
nity and small scruple In the use of
power. *
The president's serene references to
the "conservative sentiment of tho
east" indicate that a recent occurrence
In the Fourteenth Massachusetts dis-
trict must have escaped his attention.
| Talk about, your limitation of arma-
ment by International agreement!
What the world needs is an interna-
tional agreement upon the limitation
of Theodop Roosevelt,
Robin's Nest in Railroad Van.
In a fold of the canvas covering of
the Oreat Eastern railway delivery
van at Blllericay a robin has built her
nest and laid three egg*. Nest and
eggs of course go the rounds with the
van for about ten hours daily and the
hird returns to the nest when the van
reaches the yard again at 0 night.—
Westminster Gazette. *
I Democracy must face the Issues of
the coming campaign as a militant
organization, fightiitg for the people
• and against the robber trusts and
their political tools.
• Many Thousand Miles of Track.
The new main line railroad track
built in the United States in 1909
amounted to 3,748 miles. In 1(J09, 3,214
miles were laid.
"I nm not a tariff expert," says My-
ron T. Merrick of Ohio.- This is some-
thing in his favor. The country is
tired of being plundered by tariff ex-
perts.
3EEF TRUST AMD MILK TRUST
Undoubtedly Two of the Greatest of
the Country's Numerous
Monopolies.
Tlio "ultimate consumer" will nn^
with jRtlf n.ctlon lliat Attorney Gouer
nl Wickersbam has ordered the fed-
eral department of ju: Mr" to begin an,
immediate grand jury Investigation of
the meat trust with a view to criminal
Indictment, and that In this city 1)1:-
trigt Attorney Whitman will lay he-
fore a special grand Jury evidence
against the milk trust, Including thftf
gathered by the attorney general of
the state.'
Moth these trusts have paid enor
moiiK profits upon capital originally
small and swollen by methods familiar
to the jugglers of the slnck markets.
Tloth have dictated terms to producers
nnd consumers alike. Both are be-
lieved to violate federal and state laws
respectively In their conduct and even
by their very existence.
Beyond all general causes for the in
cr<: I <■<> i if living. s®ch as more
rapid production of gold, and the e\
haustlon In tills country of the best
free homestead land- di-11 llnjutu;
monopolies have unquestionably done
their shnr* to make conditions harder.
The cost of living Is no less a ques-
tion for the courts than for the con-
sumer.—New York World
perhaps Its senior senator also. What
n pily It would be to force M^\ I.odge
to stay home, just as he has under-
taken to And out for us the real rea-
son for the high cost of living.—Prov-
idence Journal.
A Republican Crisis.
Western voters will lie glad to know
that President Taft nnd his advisers
have decided that the Republican par-
ty must stand or fall In tile' coming
congressional election according as It
has fulfilled the pledges made in the
presidential campaign by enacting
them Into law.
Mr. Aldrich's Rubber Trust.
Considering the conspicuously In-
fluential position which Senator Al
drieh holds with respect to all finan-
cial and economic legislation, his ap-
pearance us an incorporator In a large
combination or "trust" is little short
of scandalous.
It seems to i^js that thr president
would have done well not to remind
the country of the declaration of tha
party concerning tariff reform. For
no pledge has been more shamefully
broken than tills one.
Taft's Responsibility.
President Taft defines his constitu-
tional powers correctly when he says
that he has "nothing more to do" with
congressional action, than a recom-
mendation at the beginning and" the
power of veto at* the end; he is whol-
ly wrong when he says he Is "made
responsible for the laws adopted by
the party." He irresponsible for their
due execution, that is all. The peo-
ple have elected their own reperesent-
afives to make the laws and he pres-
ident to administer them as made,
and he has no more authority to Im-
pose his views of party duty upon
them than they have to confrol his
executive opinions otherwise than by
constitutional enactments. For a
man who usually thinks clearly, Mr.
Taft's ideas of party government aro
strangely foggy. They have not
worked happily In practise, • and It
would be very much better for'hlm
nnd for his party if he would dismiss
them and return to the broader ground
of American constitutional tradition.
Tariff to Aid Trusts.
FH-cry man that knows, anything
abut the subject knows that our tariffs
are built on the principle of Imposing
for the benefit of special interests as
high duties us it Is thought the people
will submit to. That is the principle,
nnd the rnly principle that Is adhered
to. No one cares anything about the
cost of production, either here or
abroad. No effort is made to get"
light on the subject. There Is no
pretence of an attempt to adjust the
tariff In such a way as to cover the
difference of cost exactly. Aldrich,
Lodge, Smoot, Cannon and the others
have no interest In such academic
problems as these. All that Is neces-
sary Is that siinic American trust
should assure these gentlemen that
It cannot compete with foreign pro-
ducers unless it is protected by a duty
of 100 per cent, or so. Then the pro-
tection 1b granted.
Mr. Guggenheim, of the Morgan-
Guggi nheim syndicate, advises young
men to go to Alaska. It might be
well to ask him whether they would ■
not find the syndicate had been there
ahead of them.
.
FOR BEST
" CIGARS and TOBACCO
AT THE TURF
BILLIARDS AND POOL.
h'. J. BRADLEY.Prop.
• Cor. Division and Harrison.
Carpets and
Draperies •
■■■■ilium — iiiimi 11 *
GUTHRIE, OKLAHOMA. ♦
Democratic Prospects.
Jefferson day demonstrates that the
Democratic party is alive to its op-
portunities, and will make a battle
royal against the overlord trusts nnd
their Republican grand dukes. The
militant spirit of the gatherings points
to victory.
One of the shrewdest political
writers at Washington says that some
leading Democratic statesmen propose
to win this fall's campaign by "doing
nothing" while the Republicans go to
pieces on Internal dissensions.
• Democracy must do something more
than stand Idly by and expect a con-
gressional majority to fall into its lap
because the Republicans are hopeless-
ly divided.
Kennedy Kandy Kitchen
Such weather as this in that part
of the rolling year usually occupied
by -spilng brings home to us nil the
iniquity of those woolen schedules.
Will Repudiate Law.
Mr. Foss says that Massachusetts
jrUl repudiate the tariff next fall,, nnd
♦ 10(3 West Harrison Avenue. ♦
Cold Drinks 1
: :
♦ Union Made Cigars J
« ♦
♦ Fine Candies J
:
l Ice Cream ♦
♦ ♦
FOR SALE!
One of the best Billiard and Pool
Halls in the c'ty of (iuthrie. Centrally
located in the business portion of the
city and on one of the leading business
streets. Now netting about $150.00
per month. Good reasons for selling.
Kverything in first-class shape and an
elegant stocks of cigars and tobaccos.
Address, or call on
Farmer and Laborer, 208 W. Harrison,
for tenia and particulars.
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Carptenter, P. C. The Oklahoma Farmer and Laborer (Guthrie, Okla.), Vol. 2, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, June 17, 1910, newspaper, June 17, 1910; Guthrie, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc102228/m1/3/: accessed April 25, 2024), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.